science for water management in mediterranean
DESCRIPTION
6th World Water Forum 2012, presentationTRANSCRIPT
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SCIENCE FOR WATER MANAGEMENT SCIENCE FOR WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEANIN THE MEDITERRANEAN
é lVERSeau DéveloppementAgropolis International14 March, 201214 March, 2012
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Association VERSeaussociation SeauDéveloppement
Pierre CHEVALLIER, President
Interfacing and f gfacilitation through
collaboration betweencollaboration betweenresearch, industry and
public authorities
VERSeau’s objective is to create synergies regarding
public authorities the institutional, technicaland legal aspects of water resources management
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Activities of VERSeau Développement
Hosting the Executive Office of International Water Resources
Coordination of the Quality Charter for Sanitation Networks in Languedoc‐
Quality Charter IWRA
International Water Resources Association
for Sanitation Networks in LanguedocRoussillon
Coordination and
Development of and participation to Missions Coordination and
promotion of scientific projects
participation to international projects
Expertise
Missions
CIRCLE MED and CIRCLE 2European Project
CLIMPARKS C ti ith th
Support to local and national public policy
Cooperation programmes with the Conseil Général de l’Hérault
Support to Global Competitiviness Cluster for Water
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Latest publication
Synthesis of CIRCLE‐MED projectCIRCLE MED project
results and recommendationsto decision‐makers on differentto decision makers on differentaspects of water management issues in Mediterranean coastalAvailable online: areas under climate change
conditions.
Available online:
www.circle‐med.net
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Association VERSeauAssociation VERSeau
DéveloppementDéveloppement
Domaine de Lavalette
859, rue Jean‐François Breton
34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 Francep
+33 (0)4 67 61 04 00
verseau@verseaudeveloppement [email protected]
www.verseaudeveloppement.com
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Agropolis InternationalAgropolis InternationalWorld centre for agriculture, food and environmental sciences
www.agropolis.org
l iPaul LUU, Director
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A springboard for inter‐institutional exchange
•Montpellier 1,2 and 3, Nîmes and Perpignan
•Montpellier 1,2 and 3, Nîmes and Perpignan
5universities
•Montpellier SupAgro, •Montpellier SupAgro, 10 p p g ,CIHEAM/IAM.M, AgroParisTech/ENGREF, ENSC.M, ESCAIA, ICRA, ISTOM, Sup de Co EMA CODIGE
p p g ,CIHEAM/IAM.M, AgroParisTech/ENGREF, ENSC.M, ESCAIA, ICRA, ISTOM, Sup de Co EMA CODIGE
10higher
educational institutes
28 higher d iSup de Co, EMA, CODIGESup de Co, EMA, CODIGEinstitutes
•National: BRGM, CEA, Irstea (ex •National: BRGM, CEA, Irstea (ex
education and research
, , (CEMAGREF), CIRAD, CNRS, IFREMER, INRA, INSERM, IRD
• International: BioversityInternational CSIRO EMBRAPA
, , (CEMAGREF), CIRAD, CNRS, IFREMER, INRA, INSERM, IRD
• International: BioversityInternational CSIRO EMBRAPA
13 research institutes
institutes are members of
International, CSIRO, EMBRAPA, USDAInternational, CSIRO, EMBRAPA, USDA Agropolis
International
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Pooled resources and expertise
3 agricultural 3 gcentres,
5 university • Specialised research hubs: remote sensing,
campuses and
3 research sites
ubs: e ote se s g,water sciences, human sciences
• Technology platforms: gy pEcotron, MEDIMEER, Station aquacole de Palavas, genotyping‐sequencing‐l i g h t i g
Common high‐performance
80 research units, mainly
cloning, phenotyping,bioinformatics, polyphenols, fractionation of plant material, performance
infrastructuresunits, mainly
inter‐organizational
p ,environmental technology…
• Collections, databases…
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Comprehensive training opportunities
156 degree courses, professional and academic156 degree courses, professional and academicTechnicians, engineers, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.
6 graduate schoolsOver 600 Ph.D. students
Continuing education packagesShort or long‐term (standard or customized)
Training engineering
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The highest concentration in Europeg p
for research and training in Agriculture, Food, Biodiversity, Environment
• 2 300 researchers and • 2,300 researchers and teachers
O d d •Over 5,000 students and trainees
10,000 people overall
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An international platform open to Mediterranean and tropical regionsMediterranean and tropical regions
French institutions specialized in international cooperation: Cirad, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro/IRC
International institutions: CIHEAM‐IAMM, ICRA, BioversityInternational
Foreign laboratories (Australia, Brazil, USA) and international program representatives (CPWF)p g p ( )
Network integration: CGIAR, AgriNATURA, CILBA…
New headquarters of the CGIAR Consortium
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Open to stakeholders of economic and agricultural development
M b f A li I t ti l
agricultural development
Members of Agropolis InternationalTransfer and interface bodies: Transferts LR, ACTA, ACTIA
Company representatives: LRIA CRCI VERSeau DéveloppementCompany representatives: LRIA, CRCI, VERSeau Développement
Consultancy and company offices: BRL, IBMA, ITK, Cade…
Collaboration with several competitiveness clusters
Integration of competitiveness clusters and technology g f p gyparks in international networks
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Roles, missions and ventures
Coordination and organization of g fthe regional scientific community
Promotion of expertise worldwide
isibilit
Global support for regional innovation stakeholders
visibilityforum
facilitationManagement of partnerships
d ll ti j tf
added valuesubsidiarity
and collective projects
subsidiarity
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Expertise of the regional scientific communityin the field of waterin the field of water
Thierry RIEU, Director of AgroParisTech center of Montpelliery , g p
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Expertise of the regional scientific communityin the field of water
18 research units involved
in the field of water
18 research units involved
G th i g 800 i ti tGathering 800 scientists
Interacting with 10 international cooperation or valorisation structures
Offering 43 educationalprogrammes dealingp g gwith water
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Main research themes in the field of water
UMR ART‐Dev X
The resource: identification,functioning, mobilisation
Conservation and restoration of water quality
Management of water resource and uses
UMR ART Dev XUMR EMMAH X XUMR ESPACE‐DEV X XUMR G EAU X X XUMR G‐EAU X X XUMR GM XUMR GRED XUMR HSM X X XUMR HSM X X XUMR IEM XUMR ITAP X X XUMR LAMETA XUMR LAMETA XUMR LISAH X X XUMR TETIS X X XUMS OREME XUPR GREEN XUPR EAU/NRE X XUPR LBE XUPR LGEI X X XUS Analysis X
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International cooperation
International research centers or programs programs (CGIAR, CPWF, FRIEND UNESCO Program…)
National and international scientificand professional associations and professional associations (IAHS, IWRA, ICID/AFEID,
VERSeau Développement)pp )
Researchers from CIRAD and IRD posted overseas able to strengthen cooperation
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Three research and education chairs
Membrane sciences applied to the environmentOn water treatment by membrane processes ( )(approved by UNESCO)
Water for AllWater for AllOffering capacity building programmes for utility managers in the developing and emerging countries for utility managers in the developing and emerging countries (in partnership with Suez‐Environnement)
Risks analyses of emerging contaminants in aquatic environmentsFocused on organic contaminants in water (in partnership with Veolia)
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An innovative research dedicated to l ti f t tsolutions for water management
C ti i f th “W t ” titi l t Creation in 2010 of the “Water” competitiveness cluster including the Languedoc‐Roussillon, Midi‐Pyrénées and P Al Côt d’A giProvence‐Alpes‐Côte‐d’Azur regions
The “Water” cluster seeks to create value through innovative The Water cluster seeks to create value through innovative projects in the field of water use and management
4 strategic axes: Identification and use of water resources
C d d i i h hi h Concerted management and uses in contexts with high pressure on water resources
Reuse of water from all sources
Institutional and societal approaches in terms of stakeholders and decisionsInstitutional and societal approaches in terms of stakeholders and decisions
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Examples of Innovative projects
ARENA projectIntegrated approach to analyze the vulnerability and adaptation capacities to Integrated approach to analyze the vulnerability and adaptation capacities to global changes of the « groundwater economy » in North Africa
Approved by the Water Competitiveness Cluster
Funded by ANR
ECODREDGE – MED projectEco technologies for extraction and valorization of sediment in ports Eco‐technologies for extraction and valorization of sediment in ports
Approved by the Water Competitiveness Cluster
Funded by FUI
HYDROGUARD projectAutonomous equipment and technologies for the optimized management of the means of prevention of floods pollutions and marine submersion in LR the means of prevention of floods, pollutions and marine submersion in LR and PACA
Approved by the Risk Competitiveness Cluster
Funded by FUI
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Facing global changes in the Mediterranean region:Wh t ill t ’ t b lik ?What will tomorrow’s water resources be like?
RESCUE‐Med team
Denis RUELLANDCNRS H d S i M t lliCNRS‐ HydroSciences Montpellier
Marianne MILANO – Ph‐D studentPlan Bleu – UM2 – HydroSciences
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The Mediterranean region: hot‐spot of climate change
Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects
The Mediterranean region: hot spot of climate change
Rainfall evolution – 2100 horizon Runoff evolution – 2100 horizon
IPCC, 2007IPCC, 2007
Différences (mm) between 2080‐2099 and 1980‐1999 – dots: over 80% of existing models agree on climate evolution
Will future water needs be satisfied in the Mediterranean region?
RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciencesMontpellier ‐ 2012
the Mediterranean region?
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The Mediterranean basin
Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects
The Mediterranean basin
22 countries
1.5 millions km²
73 groups of catchments
Only 21 Only 21 catchments exceeding 10000 km² in areakm in area
Heterogeneous region
RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciencesMontpellier ‐ 2012
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Hydro‐climatic conditions
Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects
Hydro climatic conditions
250 900Eté
Mediterranean climate
250 – 900 mm
100 – 250 mm
100 – 250 mm
0 100
Eté
50 – 150 mm
0 – 100 mm
0 – 50 mm
RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciencesMontpellier ‐ 2012
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Hydro‐climatic conditions
Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects
250 900Eté
Mediterranean climate
Hydro climatic conditions
250 – 900 mm
100 – 250 mm
100 – 250 mm
0 100
Eté
Mean annual fresh water availability (1971–1990)
50 – 150 mm
0 – 100 mm
0 – 50 mm
As simulated by the Water Balance Model (Milano et al., 2011)
RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciencesMontpellier ‐ 2012
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Hydro‐climatic conditions
Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects
250 900Eté
Mediterranean climate
Hydro climatic conditions
250 – 900 mm
100 – 250 mm
100 – 250 mm
0 100
Eté
Mean annual fresh water availability (1971–1990)
50 – 150 mm
0 – 100 mm
0 – 50 mm Water resources availability per capita (2005)
As simulated by the Water Balance Model (Milano et al., 2011)
RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciencesMontpellier ‐ 2012
Plan Bleu, 2009
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Towards significant climate and anthropic changesContext Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects
Population growth (UNPD, 2008) Percent share of irrigated areas in 1995 (FAO, 2000)
of in
habitant
sMillions o
(%)
Temperature
Blinda & Thivet, 2009(Sécheresse)
Temperaturevariation
(°C)
Milano et al 2011
Precipitationvariation
( C)
Milano et al., 2011(IAHS Publ. 347) Milano et al., subm.
(Global Env. Change)
(mm)RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciencesMontpellier ‐ 2012
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A regional modelling methodContext Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects
g g
H H
Water Withdrawals∑Retrospective period: 1971–1990
Prospective period: 2041–2060
Milano et al., 2011(IAHS Publ. 347)
Ruelland et al., 2012(J. Hydrol. 424-425)
WSI =Water Withdrawals∑
Water Availability
Prospective period: 2041 2060Milano et al. subm.(Hydrol. Sci. J.)
RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciencesMontpellier ‐ 2012
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Trends in precipitation for 4 GCM by 2050Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects
p p f 4 y 5
Milano et al. subm.(Hydrol. Sci. J.)
RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciencesMontpellier ‐ 2012
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Trends in water availability and demand by 2050
Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects
Trends in water availability and demand by 2050
Milano et al. subm.(Hydrol. Sci. J.)
RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciencesMontpellier ‐ 2012
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Evolution of the Water Stress by 2050Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects
f y 5
Milano et al submMilano et al. subm.(Hydrol. Sci. J.)
RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciencesMontpellier ‐ 2012
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Conclusion & prospectsContext Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects
Assessment of the water resources vulnerability in the Mediterranean regionthe Mediterranean region
Support to focus on the most vulnerable areas within the Mediterranean basin
Methodological challenges: seasonnaldynamics (dam operations, crop water y ( p , pdemand, tourism…)
Studies at a sub‐regional scale in gcollaboration with local stakeholders
Ebro (Spain)
Hé l (F )Hérault (France)
Ceyhan (Turkey)
…
RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciencesMontpellier ‐ 2012
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h k f li iThank you for listening.
Contacts:
i il @ [email protected]
Some references:Ruelland, D., Ardoin‐Bardin, S., Collet, L. & Roucou, P. (2012). Simulating future trends in hydrological regime Ruelland, D., Ardoin Bardin, S., Collet, L. & Roucou, P. (2012). Simulating future trends in hydrological regime
of a large Sudano‐Sahelian catchment under climate change. J. Hydrol., 424–425, 207–216.
Milano, M., Ruelland, D., Fernandez, S., Dezetter, A., Ardoin‐Bardin, S., Fabre, J., Thivet, G. & Servat, E. (2011). Assessing the impacts of global changes on the water resources of the Mediterranean basin. In: Risk in W t R M g t IAHS P bl 3 16 1 2Water Resources Management. IAHS Publ., 347, 165–172.
Milano, M., Ruelland, D., Fernandez, S., Dezetter, A., Fabre, J. Servat, E., Fritsch, J.‐M., Ardoin‐Bardin, S. & Thivet, G. Current state of Mediterranean water resources and future trends under global changes. Hydrol. Sci. J., subm.
RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciencesMontpellier ‐ 2012
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Global changes in the Mediterranean: h ill ’ b lik ?what will tomorrow’s water resources be like?
Field approach : example of the Merguellil catchment in central Tunisia
Christian LEDUC& Sylvain MASSUEL y
IRD, UMR G‐EAU, Montpellier (France)
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Scientific and social context of the Merguellil catchmentMerguellil catchment
A region of central Tunisia typical of the MediterraneanA region of central Tunisia typical of the Mediterraneanenvironment
physical (semi‐arid highly variable)physical (semi arid, highly variable)
social (poor, rural, submitted to rapid changes in agriculture)
with clear contrasts betweenupstream and downstreamupst ea a d do st ea
Tunis
Merguellil
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Scientific and social context of the Merguellil catchmentMerguellil catchment
A region of central Tunisia typical of the A region of central Tunisia typical of the
Mediterranean environment
h l ( h hl bl )physical (semi‐arid, highly variable)
social (poor, rural, submitted to rapid changes in agriculture)
with many previous researchy pprojects (bilateral, European, international) and academic
( )works (MoS, PhD)
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A long series of major water issues
Changes in availability of water resources
( )climate variability, and change (temperature, rainfall??)
land use, land cover
large and small conservation works (dams, terraces,etc.)
Changes in water demand and water usesChanges in water demand and water uses
abandonment of traditional technics, and social rules
new distribution of population
export of drinking water to the coast
rapid increase in irrigated areas
li i d f f llimited enforcement of laws
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Changes in surface runoff1. Increase of Soil+Water conservation works
2. Increase in pumping from the upstreamaquifers for drinking water
1+2 = significant decrease1+2 = significant decreasein the river discharge upstream
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Changes in groundwater recharge
The construction of the El Haouareb big dam in 1989 completelychanged the groundwater recharge in the Kairouan plain
• in processes (location, time)• in fluxes (evaporation loss in the dam)
After 1989Before 1989
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Changes in water demand for agricultureagriculture
Expansion of irrigated areas in public Expansion of irrigated areas in public and private domains
Changes in irrigation techniques fromtraditional techniques to drip irrigation, supposed to save water
Changes in crops from cereals and olive Changes in crops from cereals and olive trees to tomato, melon, etc., more water demanding with more benefitg f
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Direct impact on groundwaterresources in the Kairouan plainresources in the Kairouan plain
About 10,000 wells in the Kairouan plain (x10 since 1990)
5
10
15/6/68
15/5/68
20
15
rofo
ndeu
r (m
)
The water table decrease (0.5 to 1 m/yr) shows a not sustainablegroundwater overexploitation
30
25
PStepanoff (1935)E / E Bis (2.57 Km)P1 Bir Zaddam (2.71 Km)
26/3/0115/3/02
18/4/06
groundwater overexploitation.
There is no enforcement of
5/18/27 1/24/41 10/3/54 6/11/68 2/18/82 10/28/95 7/6/09Date
35
P1 Bir Zaddam (2.71 Km)Puit à secForage P1 Bir Zaddam 14/12/06
There is no enforcement of the law.
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Which future for agriculture?
Solutions must come from agriculture, that represents the mostf g , pimportant water consumption
But adaptation, interests and investments depend on many criteria: the size of farms,
( )the status (owners, renters),
the crops (trees vs annual, speculative)
th li iti g f t ( il t k )the limiting factors (soil, water, work power)
The scientific tools (technics, economy, ...) grasp only a limited part of The scientific tools (technics, economy, ...) grasp only a limited part of the multiple interacting processes. e.g. drip irrigation did not save water
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Which water management?
A new water management should consider manyA new water management should consider manyconstraints:
Technical solutions are not sufficientTechnical solutions are not sufficient
Equilibrium between social equity and economic efficiency
This should lead to the definition of a new water governanceg
Shared responsibility for the use of a common good (especiallyin a large region)
Clearer role of authorities (Min. of Agriculture)
Acceptance of new rules
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Towards a rationalised management of M dit th tMediterranean anthropo‐ecosystems
A collaborative international research project: A collaborative international research project:
SICMED
Marc VOLTZChristian LEDUC,
Jean Claude MENAUT, Maxime THIBON
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Societal issues
Continuous population growth• 454 Mhab in 2005 and 520 Mhab predicted in 2020454 Mhab in 2005 and 520 Mhab predicted in 2020• Growth essentially in southMediterranean countries
Strong urbanization and population growth on the coasts• 64% en 2008 et 68% en 2020
Rural areas remain with large population densities• But decrease in north Mediterranean and growth in south mediterraneanut dec ease o t ed te a ea a d g o t sout ed te a ea
Scarcity in available water resources• Mediterranean zone has more than 50% of world population poor in water
fli f• Many conflicts of water use
Soil ressources largely exploitedDeficit in agricultural production (mostly in south Mediterranean): f g p ( y )
• Ex: 22% of cerals imported by 7% of world population
St g b d l hi h l d t Strong pressures on urban and rural areas which lead to main conflicts about the use of natural ressources
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Environmental Issues
Hot spot of climate change ( T°, Rainfall)
Rarefaction of water ressources already limited
Soil degradationerosion salinisation artificialization compaction loss in carbon contenterosion, salinisation, artificialization, compaction, loss in carbon content
Soil and water contamination(nitrates, xenobiotics, trace metals,..)
Deforestation
Loss in biodiversity and landscape diversity
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Management issues ofMediterranean eco‐anthropo‐systemsMediterranean eco‐anthropo‐systems
AgricultureAgricultureEnsuring food security
Improving water productivity and drought tolerance in cropping systems
Improving irrigation technology and methods
Water ressourcesImproving water harvesting techniquesImproving water harvesting techniques
Sharing ressources between users
TerritorialMaintaining rural settlement and limiting migration towards urban areas
Preserving typical Mediterranean landscapes (tourism and life space)
EnvironmentalEnvironmentalPreserving biodiversity
Restoring or maintaining quality of soil and water ressources
Regulating biogeochemical cycles (carbone especially)
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Ambitions for Sicmed
To develop systemic approaches of Mediterraneananthropo‐ecosystemsanthropo ecosystems
linking biophysics and socio‐economicsintegrating simultaneous interactions g gof multiple drivers
T t lti l t l ll b ti To promote multi‐lateral collaboration between researchers in Mediterraneancountries and beyondcountries and beyond
To define innovative solutions fhelping to the Mediterraneansustainable development
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Scientific objectives
Studying Mediterranean anthropo‐ecosystemb h i d l ibehaviour and evolution
under climatic and human constraints
Hydrological and biogeochemical fluxes
socio‐economic and territorial dynamics
biophysicalprocesses
Biotechnic drivers
Developping tools and methodologies for managing
natural ressources and
Seeking innovative management strategies for
Mediterranean eco‐ natural ressources and landscapes
Mediterranean ecoanthropo‐systems
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No unique Mediterraneananthropo‐ecosystem but manyanthropo ecosystem, but many
Example in South of FranceScrubland
mountains
ill
Hills and calcareous Plateaus
LeptosolForests
Hills over sedimentarymaterial Calcisol Fruit trees
River Alluvia Marketgardening
LuvisolCoastal plains and deltas VineyardsCamargue
Fluvisol
SolontchaksWebsite « sols et paysages du Languedoc Roussillon »http://www.umr‐lisah.fr/Paysages
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A crossedlanalysis
Scientific domains
• Functioning + managt of g gplant canopies• Hydrological cycle and water resources managt
Bi h i l l il• Biogeochemical cycles + soiland water quality• Resources assessment atregional scale
Representative socio‐environmental systems
g• Farming systems• Socio‐economical processesand territorial approaches
I t g t d d lli g f Rainfed agriculture Irrigated agriculture Grazing land Peri‐urban areasDesert transition areas Coastal areasForests and nat ral ecos stems
• Integrated modelling of ecosystems
Forests and natural ecosystemsSingular environments (e.g. mines)
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A collaborative program drawing on j t d it d ‐ 5 major study sites and
‐ 6 specific thematic networksp fin 9 Mediterranean countries
Major siteswith integratedinterdisciplinary studies
T Heraultinterdisciplinary studies
Thematict k
CrauT
networks•Groundwater recharge•Soil‐vegetation‐
LebnaT
atmosphere fluxes•Coastal aquifers•Soil erosion
TensiftMerguelil
•Forest écology•Mining activities
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A collaborative program built in cooperation withcooperation with
Partners from all sides of the Mediterranean (Algeria, France, Italy, Lebanon, Morocco, Spain, Tunisia…)
The support of French research institutes : CNRS ‐Insu, INRA, IRD and IRSTEAand IRSTEA
In close relation with the German Tereno‐MED initiativeIn close relation with the German Tereno‐MED initiative
SICMED is part of the MISTRALS decennial programmeSICMED is part of the MISTRALS decennial programme
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More informationInfo@sicmed net / www sicmed [email protected] / www.sicmed.net
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MERCI / THANK YOU
worldwaterforum6.orgsolutionsforwater.org