science gases

8/20/2019 Science Gases

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"What are the odds thatyou'll encounter amolecule of air that once

passed through the lung"


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LEASTCOMPAC

T

M O S T M O B I L E

V E R Y

H IG H

V E L O C I T IE

S

HIGH K INET IC ENERG

Y

Highly compressi le• ! P " # V• L$rge $mo%&' o( sp$ce

molec%les• Molec%les (orce* $ li''le c

E+p$&*$ le• ! T " ! V• Press%re rem$i&s 'he

s$me

, l %i *

,lo) e$sily•

Viscosi'y is 'heresis'$&ce 'o-o)

• Lo) .iscosi'y

Less *e&se• S'e$m / o0oo12 'he

*e&si'y o( )$'er• 3%e 'o l$rger $mo

o( sp$ce e')ee&molec%les

• V$ries )i'h ch$&ge'emper$'%re $&*press%reMisci le

• 4Mi+$ le5•

3i6%se re$*ily $&*com le'el


4/25

C O N S I S T S

O , V E R Y

S M A L L

P A R T I C L E

S

MOLEC7LES HAVE NO

ATTRACTION ,OR ONEANOTHER M

s ' li&e* ir

Colli*e(re8%e&'ly

No e &e r g y lo s ' i& c o llis io & 9

p e r ( e c ' ly e l$ s ' ic

3B E

M O LI S L AT H ANS I ; EM O L E C T H E M S E

MOLEC7LARAVERAGEKINETICENERGY

3IRECTLYPROPORTION

AL TO KELVIN


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6/25

PRESS7E

• ,orce per %&i'$re$• P " ,


7/25

PRESS7E

• E.$&gelis'$Torricelli9 $rome'er9 mm o( Hg ='orr>

9 1 $'m " ?@ 'orr 1 $'m " ?@ mmHg

• Bl$ise P$sc$l9 hy*r$%lics9 Ne)'o&s9 1 $'m " 10 1D

$r

1 $'m " 1 1D0m $r


8/25

PRESS7E

=1> There $re more molec%les o( $irpressi&g per %&i' $re$ o( $ s%r($ce$' se$ le.el0

= > The heigh' $&* correspo&*i&g)eigh' o( $ col%m& o( $ir e+'e&*i&g(rom 'he gro%&* $&* %p is gre$'er'h$& 'h$' o( $ col%m& o( $ire+'e&*i&g (rom $ higher $l'i'%*e


9/25

' e m p e r $ ' %r

• Me$s%re o(Fi&e'ic e&ergyo( 'he g$s

p$r'icles


10/25

' e m p e r $ ' %r

• S'$&*$r*'emper$'%re$&* press%re

is ?D K $&* 1$'m


11/25

V O LE

• Three *ime&sio&$lsp$ce e&close* y'he co&'$i&er

•

Vol%me o( o&emole o( g$s )ill$l)$ys e 0 L• mL m D cm D (' De'c


12/25

AMO 7O , g

• Moles or &%m er o(p$r'icles• &

• & " m$ss o( g$s< mol$r m$ss

o( g$s


13/25

BOY LLA:• Ro er' Boyle

• Press%reJ.ol%merel$'io&ship• 7se* $& impro.ise*.ersio& o( $ir p%mpm$*e y Ro er' HooFe

• The press%re $&*.ol%me o( $ g$s $rei&.ersely rel$'e* JJ $'co&s'$&' m$ss 'emper$'%re

• For a given mass ofany gas and with thetemperature heldconstant, the volumeof gas varies inverselywith pressure.


14/25

BOY LLA:Boyle s L$) 3o% li&g 'he press%re o& $ g$s

h$l.es i's .ol%me $s lo&g $s 'he'emper$'%re o( 'he g$s $&* 'he$mo%&' o( g$s $re& ' ch$&ge*0

• The % les e+h$le* y $ sc% $ *i.ergro) $s 'he $ppro$ch 'he s%r($ce o( 'heoce$&0 =The press%re e+er'e* y 'he)eigh' o( 'he )$'er i&cre$ses )i'h *ep'hso 'he .ol%me o( 'he % les i&cre$ses $s'hey rise0>

• 3eep se$ sh *ie )he& ro%gh' 'o 'hes%r($ce0 =The press%re *ecre$ses $s 'he

sh $re ro%gh' 'o 'he s%r($ce so 'he.ol%me o( g$ses i& 'heir o*ies i&cre$ses


15/25

CHARS LA• $c8%es Ale+$&*er Ces$r

Ch$rles•

Temper$'%reJ.ol%merel$'io&ship• Vol%me i&cre$ses $s'emper$'%re i&cre$ses

ec$%se g$s e+p$&*s• There is $ *irec'

rel$'io&ship e')ee&'emper$'%re $&*.ol%me• The volume of a xedamount of gasmaintained atconstant pressure isdirectly proportionalto its absolute


16/25

CHARS LACh$rles s L$) 3o% li&g 'he 'emper$'%re

o( $ g$s *o% les i's .ol%me $s lo&g$s 'he press%re o( 'he g$s $&* 'he$mo%&' o( g$s is& ' ch$&ge*0

• A $ll i&-$'e* i&si*e $&* 'he& '$Fe&o%'*oors o& $ )i&'er *$y shri&Fs sligh'ly0

• A sligh'ly %&*eri&-$'e* r% er li(e r$('le(' i& righ' s%&ligh' s)ells %p =:hysho%l*& ' yo% o.eri&-$'e yo%r li(e r$(')he& yo%r ship goes *o)& i& 'ropic$l)$'ers >

• The pl%&ger o& $ '%rFey syri&ge'hermome'er pops o%' )he& 'he '%rFey is*o&e =The .ol%me o( $ir 'r$ppe* %&*er


17/25

GAL7 SS

S LA• oseph Lo%is G$yJL%ss$c•

Press%reJ'emper$'%rerel$'io&ship• Press%re o( 'he g$s is*irec'ly propor'io&$l 'o'he $ sol%'e'emper$'%re• When the volume isheld constant, the

pressure exerted by agas is directly

proportional to theabsolute temperatureof the gas.


18/25

GAYL7 SS

S LA,iri&g $ %lle'0 :he& g%&po)*er %r&s i'

cre$'es $ l$rge $mo%&' o(s%perhe$'e* g$s0 The high press%reo( 'he ho' g$s ehi&* 'he %lle'(orces i' o%' o( 'he $rrel o( 'he g%&0

He$'i&g $ close* $erosol c$&0 Thei&cre$se* press%re m$y c$%se 'heco&'$i&er 'o e+plo*e0 Yo% *o& ' 'oss$& Qemp'yQ c$& o( h$ir spr$y i&'o 'he

re0

A %r&i&g $%'omo ile 'ire0 The he$' (rom'he %r&i&g r% er )ill c$%se 'he $ir


19/25


20/25

CO MB3 G

LA• Boyle s l$) Ch$rles l$) G$yJ

L%ss$c s l$)•

Press%reJ'emper$'%reJ.ol%merel$'io&ship• 7&i.ers$l G$s L$)• The com i&e* g$s l$)

$pplies 'o $&ycirc%ms'$&ce i& )hichpress%re 'emper$'%re

$&* .ol%me ch$&ge)hile 8%$&'i'y rem$i&sco&s'$&'0


21/25

CO MB3 G

LA:I& 'he $%'omo ile 'ire 'he $mo%&' o( g$s rem$i&s

co&s'$&' ye' *ri.i&g *o)& 'he ro$* i&cre$ses 'he'emper$'%re o( 'he 'ire $&* 'he g$s i&si*e 'h%spress%re i&cre$ses0 I& $**i'io& 'he 'ire h$s someel$s'ici'y so .ol%me i&cre$ses sligh'ly0 Tirem$&%($c'%rers '$Fe 'hese ($c'ors i&'o $cco%&' $s'hey *e'ermi&e 'he m$+im%m col* i&-$'io&'emper$'%re (or e$ch 'ire0

The com i&e* g$s l$) is $lso impor'$&' 'o *i.ers0The co&'$i&er i& 'he c$se o( 'he *i.er is 'he h%m$&l%&g0 :hile %&*er )$'er 'he press%re is m%chgre$'er 'h$& i& 'he $ir0 E.ery (oo' *eeper 'he *i.ermo.es i& 'he )$'er 'he gre$'er 'he press%re

ecomes0 I( $ *i.er )i'h (%ll l%&gs s%**e&ly

$sce&*s (rom 'he )$'er o& $ )$rm *$y o'h'emper$'%re $&* press%re *ecre$se $&* 'he .ol%me


22/25

A. o g $ *l$ )

• Ame*eo A.og$*ro• Rel$'es 'he .ol%me o( g$s

'o 'he &%m er o( moles

• Equal volumes ofdi erent gases at sametemperature!isothermal" and same

pressure !isobaric" willhave the same number

• STP " 0 L


23/25

A. o g $ *l$ )A.og$*ro s L$) 3o% li&g 'he &%m er o( moles o( g$s

*o% les i's .ol%me i( 'emper$'%re $&* press%re $re& 'ch$&ge*0

A -$' 'ire '$Fes %p less sp$ce 'h$& $& i&-$'e* 'ire0

L%&gs e+p$&* $s 'hey ll )i'h $ir0 E+h$li&g *ecre$ses 'he.ol%me o( 'he l%&gs0

A $lloo& lle* )i'h heli%m )eighs m%ch less 'h$& $&i*e&'ic$l $lloo& lle* )i'h $ir0 =A.og$*ro s L$) implies'h$' e8%$l .ol%mes co&'$i& e8%$l &%m ers o( molec%les)he& press%re $&* 'emper$'%re $re hel* co&s'$&'0 Si&ce

o'h $lloo&s co&'$i& 'he s$me &%m er o( molec%les $&*

si&ce heli%m $'oms h$.e lo)er m$ss 'h$& ei'her o+yge&


24/25

I3 EAGA

LA:• All proper'ies o( g$ses

i& o&e• Press%reJ.ol%meJ'emper$'%reJ

moles rel$'io&ship• The volume of gases

varies directly withthe number of gasmolecules and theabsolute temperatureand varies inversely • G$s co&s'$&' " 0 1


25/25

I3 EAGA

LA:The I*e$l G$s L$) is %se* i& e&gi&eeri&g 'o

*e'ermi&e 'he c$p$ci'y o( s'or$ge co&'$i&ers0I' is $lso help(%l i& *e'ermi&i&g 'he eUcie&cy$&* s'$&*$r* oper$'io& o( e8%ipme&'0

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