Instructions Good Luck This assessment is worth 100 points.

1. Which one of the following is a correct molecular formula?   (1 point) a.  

b.  

c.  

d.  

2. An organic molecule contains two or more atoms of   (1 point) a.   carbon.b.   hydrogen.c.   oxygen.d.   All of these answers are true.

3. A polysaccharide is a polymer made up of which kind of monomers?   (1 point) a.   simple sugarsb.   amino acidsc.   nucleotidesd.   alternating sugar and phosphate groupse.   fatty acids and glycerol

4. Which of these statements is NOT true about DNA?   (1 point) a.   It is the genetic material of the cell.b.   It forms a double helix.c.   Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine.d.   It contains the sugar ribose.e.   The sugar and phosphate groups form the backbone of the molecule.

5. Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?   (1 point) a.   single helix

b.   protein coilc.   double helixd.   globular RNA

6. Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning the bonding of amino acids?   (1 point) a.   The bond formed between two amino acids is called a peptide bond.b.   When two amino acids combine, the amino group of one molecule will combine with

the acid group of the second molecule.c.   The addition of one water molecule is required to combine two amino acids.d.   A series of amino acids bonded together is a polypeptide.

7. All amino acids would have which of the following pairs of functional groups?   (1 point) a.   -COOH and -NH3

b.   -OH and -COOH c.   -OH and -NH3

d.   -SH and -NH3

e.   -SH and -COOH

8. Which of the following lipids forms a bilayer between two watery regions, such as in the plasma membrane of a cell?   (1 point) a.   steroidsb.   neutral fatsc.   waxesd.   phospholipids

9. Three fatty acids bonded together with a glycerol are found in   (1 point) a.   an alcoholb.   an enzymec.   a phospholipidd.   a chlorophyll pigmente.   a triglyceride

10. The disaccharide in milk to which some adults are allergic is called   (1 point) a.   fructoseb.   galactosec.   glucosed.   lactosee.   sucrose

11. The simplest and the most common monosaccharide is a six-carbon sugar called   (1 point) a.   galactoseb.   lactosec.   cellulosed.   glucosee.   sucrose

12. The principal way proteins can be distinguished from other types of macromolecules is that proteins   (1 point) a.   contain C, H and O, and the O/C ratio is approximately 1.b.   contain C, H and O, and their O/C ratio is much less than 1.c.   they contain C, H, O, and their O/C ratio is much greater than 1.d.   they contain C, H, O, N and S.e.   they contain C, H, O, N and P.

13. The molecule below is a(an)

   (1 point) a.   glycerol.b.   polypeptide.c.   saturated fatty acid.d.   unsaturated fatty acid.

14. DNA and RNA are similar in some respects and different in others. Which of the following statements is accurate about their similarities?   (1 point) a.   Both DNA and RNA nucleotides contain the nitrogen bases adenine, cytosine, and

guanine.b.   Both DNA and RNA can form double helices.c.   Both DNA and RNA contain monosaccharide sugars on their respective nucleotides.d.   Both DNA and RNA are involved in the "Central Dogma" of biology.e.   Both DNA and RNA contain phosphate groups on their respective nucleotides.

15. Which of the following shows the correct linkage of amino acids in a protein?   (1 point) a.   amino group of one bonded to the amino group of the nextb.   acid group of one bonded to acid group of the nextc.   acid group of one bonded to amino group of the nextd.   All of these answers are correct.

16. Disulfide bridges within a protein molecule are most significant for what level(s) of structure?   (1 point) a.   primaryb.   secondaryc.   tertiaryd.   quaternarye.   tertiary and quaternary

17. A phospholipid is similar to a fat but has   (1 point) a.   a glow when placed in a dark room.b.   no oxygen.c.   a phosphate group.d.   no carbon in it.

18. A peptide bond is found in which type of biological molecule?   (1 point) a.   carbohydrateb.   lipidc.   nucleic acidd.   protein

19. A common lipid for energy storage is   (1 point) a.   phospholipidb.   steroidc.   trigliceridesd.   cholesterole.   wax

20. Which carbohydrate is found in the cell walls of plants?   (1 point) a.   starchb.   chitinc.   cellulosed.   glycogene.   glycerol

21. Which of the following statements pertaining to macromolecules is incorrect?   (1 point) a.   Organisms are constructed of macromolecules, which are polymers made by

assembling many similar or identical small molecules called monomers.b.   he function of a macromolecule is determined by its structure, which depends on the

structure of its monomers.c.   The masses of molecules and macromolecular assemblages are given in atomic

mass units (amu) or daltons (Da).d.   Proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids are commonly composed of the elements

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.e.   The most abundant polymers of organisms are proteins, which are versatile

molecules that perform an enormous variety of crucial functions.

22. A fat is said to be saturated if   (1 point) a.   there are many double bonds present in the molecule.b.   there are only single bonds between each pair of carbons.c.   the fat molecule cannot contain any more covalent bonds.d.   there are as many double bonds present as possible.

23. Which of the following is not a macromolecule?   (1 point) a.   carbohydratesb.   waterc.   nucleic acidsd.   proteinse.   lipids

24. Anabolic steroids used by some athletes are compounds which would be classified as   (1 point) a.   carbohydrates.b.   nucleic acids.c.   lipids.d.   proteins.

25. Which of the following is not a lipid?   (1 point) a.   olive oilb.   fatc.   amino acidd.   steroid

26. Which of the following is not a function of proteins?   (1 point) a.   Lubricating the joints between bones.b.   Forming structures such as collagen and fingernails.c.   ransporting small molecules and ions through cell membranes.d.   Catalyze chemical reactions.e.   Control or regulate metabolic processes.

27. ____ contains double bonds.   (1 point) a.   CH4

b.   H2Oc.   CO2

d.   NH3

28. A protein is a polymer made up of which kind of monomers?   (1 point) a.   glucose or modified glucose moleculesb.   amino acidsc.   nucleotidesd.   alternating sugar and phosphate groupse.   fatty acids and glycerol

29. The nitrogen base not found in DNA is called   (1 point) a.   adenineb.   cytosinec.   guanined.   thyminee.   uracil

30. A complex carbohydrate consists of repeated units of   (1 point) a.   monosaccharides.b.   fatty acids.c.   amino acids.d.   nucleotides.

31. The molecule below

   (1 point) a.   was probably produced by a plant.b.   is liquid at room temperature.c.   was formed by three separate hydrolysis reactions.d.   contains more energy per gram than a carbohydrate.

32. A molecule with the chemical formula C60H120O60 is probably a(n)   (1 point)

a.   monosaccharide.b.   amino acid.c.   nucleotide.d.   protein.e.   polysaccharide.

33. The specific amino acid sequence in a protein is its   (1 point) a.   zero order structureb.   primary structurec.   secondary structured.   tertiary structuree.   quaternary structure

34. A protein   (1 point) a.   is a macromolecule.b.   consists of many linked amino acids.c.   may be made of two or more polypeptides.d.   is correctly described by all three of these answers.

35. Which components must be removed during a dehydration synthesis reaction?   (1 point) a.   -H & -OHb.   –N= & -OHc.   –OH & -COOHd.   –COOH & -H

36. A(An) ____ is NOT formed by dehydration synthesis.   (1 point) a.   complex carbohydrateb.   polypeptidec.   triglycerided.   amino acid

37. Organic molecules are those that contain at least   (1 point) a.   carbon.b.   carbon and oxygen.c.   carbon and hydrogen.d.   carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.

38. Enzymes are made from   (1 point) a.   fats.b.   protein.c.   cytoplasm.d.   nucleoplasm.

39. Fructose is a(n)   (1 point) a.   L-amino acid.b.   structural isomer of glucose.c.   aldopentose.d.   disaccharide.e.   α-form of glucose.

40. DNA is   (1 point) a.   a single chain of nucleotides containing deoxyribose.b.   mainly found in the cytoplasm.c.   composed of amino acids.d.   a coiled double chain of nucleotides.

41. A group of molecules that resemble fats, but contain phosphate functional groups are called   (1 point) a.   steroids.b.   polypeptides.c.   phospholipids.d.   nucleic acid.

42. Which of these molecules is typically double stranded?   (1 point) a.   mRNAb.   rRNAc.   tRNAd.   DNA

43. Imagine that you were able to see a nucleotide under a very special microscope. As you scan the nucleotide you see a U nitrogen base. Without seeing any other part of the nucleotide you know that   (1 point) a.   it is a DNA nucleotideb.   it is an RNA nucleotidec.   it is either a DNA nucleotide or an RNA nucleotided.   you will need to continue to scan for more clues, such as the type of sugar associated

with it, to be able to determine which type of nucleotide it is

44. A chain of amino acids linked together end-to-end can only be found in   (1 point) a.   a membrane lipidb.   a nucleic acidc.   a polysaccharided.   a polypeptidee.   a starch

45. The bonding of four simple sugars will   (1 point) a.   produce three water molecules.b.   produce four water molecules.c.   utilize three water molecules.d.   utilize four water molecules.

46. Proteins are polymers formed of structural units called   (1 point) a.   fatty acidsb.   amino acidsc.   nucleic acidsd.   phosphate groupse.   sugars

47. Relatively small organic molecules with a central carbon atom which is bonded to a carboxyl group, an amino group, a carbon containing group, and a hydrogen atom are called   (1 point) a.   amino acidsb.   fatty acidsc.   enzymesd.   peptidese.   nucleotides

48. DNA, RNA, and ATP contain functional units known as   (1 point) a.   peptidesb.   enzymes

c.   amino acidsd.   nucleotidese.   fatty acids

49. The molecule below is a(an)

   (1 point) a.   amino acid.b.   carbohydrate.c.   lipid.d.   nucleic acid.

50. Which reaction represents dehydration synthesis?   (1 point) a.   C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 ® C18H32O16 + 2H2Ob.   CO2 + H2O ® C6H12O6 + O2

c.   NaOH + H2O ® Na+OH- + H2Od.   triglyceride ® glycerol + 3 fatty acids + 3H2O

51. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH is   (1 point) a.   a fatty acid.b.   an amino acid.c.   a glycerol.d.   a steroid.

52. glycerol + 3 fatty acids ® triglyceride + 3 H2OThis is a(an) ____ reaction.    (1 point) a.   hydrolysisb.   dehydration synthesisc.   unbalancedd.   acid-base

53. If a glycerol molecule and three attached fatty acids form a fat, it is called a   (1 point) a.   triglyceride.b.   diglyceride.c.   monoglyceride.d.   tripeptide.

54. A(an) ____ is a polymer.   (1 point) a.   monosaccharideb.   amino acidc.   nucleotided.   polypeptide

55. The definition of saturated fats is that it can hold no more atoms of   (1 point) a.   carbon.b.   hydrogen.c.   oxygen.d.   All of these answers are true.

56. Polypeptides are composed of many   (1 point)

a.   amino acids.b.   carbohydrates.c.   nucleic acids.d.   fatty acids.

57. Mannose is a _________ while maltose is a __________.   (1 point) a.   pentose; hexoseb.   monosaccharide; disaccharidec.   polymer; monomerd.   disaccharide; polysaccharidee.   oligosaccharide; monosaccharide

58. A liquid triglyceride—an oil—is characterized by all of the following except   (1 point) a.   be produced mostly in plantsb.   contain only saturated fatty acidsc.   be more likely to be degraded than stored in humansd.   contain more calories per gram than a carbohydratee.   form micelles in water due to immiscibility

59. Polymerization reactions in which proteins are synthesized from amino acids or polysaccharides are synthesized from monosaccharides   (1 point) a.   result in the formation of water.b.   are condensation reactions.c.   require the input of energy.d.   result in the formation of covalent bonds between monomers called peptide bonds

and glycoside bonds, respectively.e.   all of the above.

60. Triglycerides comprise three fatty acids and   (1 point) a.   one glycerol.b.   two glycerols.c.   three glycerols.d.   four glycerols.

61. The chemical arrangement in the figure below is on the end of a long molecule of a(an)

   (1 point) a.   steroid.b.   fatty acid.c.   carbohydrate.d.   unsaturated fat.

62. The pleating or coiling of a protein is known as the protein's ____ structure.   (1 point) a.   primaryb.   secondaryc.   tertiaryd.   quaternary

63. Saturated fats differ from unsaturated fats in that saturated fats   (1 point) a.   are longer.b.   lack carbon-carbon double bonds.

c.   have fewer double bonds.d.   cannot be used for an energy source.

64. Fish sperm consists mostly of the male fish's DNA. If we tested a sample chemically, we should find relatively high amounts of   (1 point) a.   nitrogenous bases, sugar, and phosphate groups.b.   phospholipids and steroids.c.   amino acids and unsaturated fats.d.   triglycerides and ATP.e.   globular proteins and stored fats.

65. The backbone of a double helix is   (1 point) a.   sugar-phosphate.b.   hydrogen bonds.c.   base-pairing.d.   All of these answers are true.

66. This is a ____ reaction. C12H22O11 + H2O ® C6H12O6 + C6H12O6    (1 point) a.   hydrolysisb.   dehydration synthesisc.   acid - based.   ionic

67. An example of a carbohydrate is   (1 point) a.   C7H14O7.b.   C7H12O7.c.   C7H14O28.d.   C7H7O7.

68. The molecule below is a(an)

   (1 point) a.   amino acid.b.   carbohydrate.c.   lipid.d.   nucleic acid.

69. Which statement is true about RNA?   (1 point) a.   It contains adenine paired to thymine.b.   One of the bases from DNA is replaced by uracil.c.   It contains the sugar deoxyribose.d.   Its nucleotides contain twice as many phosphate groups as DNA's nucleotides.e.   It is a double-stranded molecule.

70. ____ is a sugar.   (1 point) a.   Sucraseb.   Pentosec.   C27H46Od.   COOH-CH2-NH3

71. A dehydration synthesis reaction is also known as   (1 point)

a.   a condensation reaction.b.   a hydrolysis reaction.c.   an isomeric reaction.d.   an energy-releasing reaction.e.   monomer formation.

72. Carbohydrates are a source of   (1 point) a.   protein.b.   energy.c.   glycerol.d.   fatty acids.

73. Organic molecules always   (1 point) a.   contain carbon.b.   contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen respectively in a 1:2:1 ratio.c.   are produced by living organisms.d.   dissolve in water.

74. A(an) ____ bond is formed between the reactants in Figure 3.1.

   (1 point) a.   ionicb.   hydrogenc.   peptided.   polar

75. In a nucleotide, the nitrogenous base is bonded to   (1 point) a.   an acid.b.   a sugar.c.   a phosphate.d.   itself.

76. C12H24O12; this formula represents a   (1 point) a.   lipid.b.   protein.c.   carbohydrate.d.   phospholipid.

77. Humans are unable to get metabolic energy from cellulose because   (1 point) a.   cellulose contains very little chemical energyb.   cellulose is not part of a normal dietc.   cellulose digesting enzymes are absentd.   cellulose does not taste goode.   cellulose is present in large quantities in the gut

78. Imagine that you were able to see a nucleotide under a very special microscope. As you scan the nucleotide you see a T nitrogen base. Without seeing any other part of the nucleotide you know that   (1 point) a.   it is a DNA nucleotide

b.   it is a RNA nucleotidec.   it is a either a DNA nucleotide or an RNA nucleotided.   you will need to continue to scan for more clues, such as the type of sugar associated

with it, to be able to determine which type of nucleotide it is

79. A nucleotide is composed of the following molecules arranged in this order:   (1 point) a.   three amino acids covalently bonded in a series.b.   three fatty acids individually bonded to three different places on glycerol.c.   a base bonded to a sugar bonded to a phosphate.d.   mRNA bonded to tRNA bonded to an amino acid.

80. A nucleotide contains   (1 point) a.   glycerol and fatty acids.b.   a base, sugar, and phosphate group.c.   amino acids.d.   an acid, base, and salt.

81. A fatty acid having double bonds between carbon atoms is a(an)   (1 point) a.   phospholipid.b.   animal fat.c.   unsaturated fat.d.   saturated fat.

82. A nucleic acid is a polymer made up of which kind of monomers?   (1 point) a.   amino acidsb.   nucleotidesc.   glucose or modified glucose moleculesd.   alternating sugar and phosphate groupse.   fatty acids and glycerol

83. Which of the following is neither a simple nor a complex carbohydrate?   (1 point) a.   C6H12O6

b.   C4H8O4

c.   C12H22O11

d.   C2H4O

84. If you wanted to manufacture a fat, which one of the following would be necessary?   (1 point) a.   waterb.   amino acidsc.   vitaminsd.   glycerol

85. Macromolecules that are used by organisms to store hereditary information are called   (1 point) a.   transfer RNA moleculesb.   messenger RNA moleculesc.   transfer RNA moleculesd.   amino acids moleculese.   DNA molecules

86. An example of an inorganic molecule is   (1 point) a.   CaCl2.b.   C2H6.c.   C2H5OH.

d.   C3H5(OH)3.

87. Which association is NOT correct?   (1 point) a.   lipid-steroidb.   nucleic acid-DNAc.   monosaccharide-glucosed.   protein-nucleotide

88. You find a new organic molecule that is water soluble and contains the elements carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen. It is probably a   (1 point) a.   protein.b.   fat.c.   carbohydrate.d.   phospholipid.

89. A subunit of protein is a(an)   (1 point) a.   amino acid.b.   nucleic acid.c.   fatty acid.d.   phospholipid.

90. Which of the following is made primarily of protein?   (1 point) a.   skinb.   tendonc.   enzymed.   carbohydrates

91. Molecules that do not dissolve in water very easily are characteristically   (1 point) a.   acids.b.   fats.c.   vitamins.d.   carbohydrates.

92. Which of the following is NOT one of the four most common elements found in living organisms?   (1 point) a.   hydrogenb.   oxygenc.   carbond.   sulfure.   nitrogen

93. Proteins possess all of the following functions except   (1 point) a.   structureb.   metabolismc.   encode genetic informationd.   membrane transporte.   cell recognition

94. An organic molecule with the empirical formula C6H12O6    (1 point) a.   may have many structural formulae.b.   is a carbohydrate.c.   is commonly referred to as a sugar.d.   All the above are correct.

95. A lipid is a polymer made up of which kind of monomers?   (1 point)

a.   glucose or modified glucose moleculesb.   amino acidsc.   nucleotidesd.   alternating sugar and phosphate groupse.   fatty acids and glycerol

96. The functional group at then end of a fatty acid has the following formula   (1 point) a.   -COOR.b.   -COOH.c.   -COON.d.   CH2O.

97. Lipids are the only class of macromolecules that contain   (1 point) a.   amino acidsb.   nucleic acidsc.   fatty acidsd.   phosphate groupse.   sugars

98. An example of an inorganic molecule is   (1 point) a.   C6H12O6.b.   HCl.c.   C4H8O4.d.   C12H22O11.

99. In a nucleotide, the sugar is bonded to a   (1 point) a.   sugar.b.   codon.c.   salt.d.   base and phosphate.

100.One way an amino acid differs from a lipid is that the amino acids contain   (1 point) a.   carbon.b.   hydrogen.c.   nitrogen.d.   oxygen.