Science ModuleScience Module

7th Grade

Body SystemsCirculatory System

Body SystemsCirculatory System

7th Grade Science

TAKS 2

TEKS 7.9(A)

TAKS Objective 2TAKS Objective 2

The student will demonstrate an understanding of living systems and the environment – Interdependence occurs among living systems

TEKS Science ConceptTEKS Science Concept

• TEKS 7.9 (A) identify the systems of the human organism and describe their functions.

Student Prior KnowledgeStudent Prior Knowledge

• TEKS 6.10 (C) identify how structure complements function at different levels of organization including organ and organ systems.

BackgroundBackground

Circulatory System Structures

Circulatory System Structures

• Heart

• Blood Vessels– Arteries– Veins– Capillaries

• Blood

Circulatory System Function

Circulatory System Function

• The overall function of the circulatory system is to transport materials throughout the body toward and away from particular target organs and tissues.

Two PathwaysTwo Pathways

• Pulmonary Circulation– Carries blood to lungs and back to the heart

• Systemic Circulation– Carries blood to body and back to the heart

Capillaries of head and arms

Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs

Inferior vena cava

Pulmonary vein

Capillaries of right lung

Superior vena cava Aorta

Pulmonary artery

Capillaries of left lung

Your Blood Vessels: Your Blood Vessels: Pathway of CirculationPathway of Circulation

3 types of vessels3 types of vessels– ArteriesArteries– CapillariesCapillaries– VeinsVeins

Artery vs. VeinArtery vs. Vein

Arteries:Arteries:carries blood carries blood Away from heartway from heart

– LargeLarge– Thick-walled, MuscularThick-walled, Muscular– ElasticElastic– Oxygenated blood Oxygenated blood

Exception Pulmonary ArteryException Pulmonary Artery

– Carried under great pressureCarried under great pressure– Steady pulsatingSteady pulsatingArteriolesArterioles: smaller vessels, enter tissue: smaller vessels, enter tissue

CapillariesCapillaries

– Smallest vesselSmallest vessel– MicroscopicMicroscopic– Walls one cell thickWalls one cell thick– Nutrients and gases diffuse hereNutrients and gases diffuse here

Veins:Veins:Carries blood to heart

– Carries blood that Carries blood that contains waste and COcontains waste and CO22

Exception pulmonary veinException pulmonary vein

– Blood not under much Blood not under much pressurepressure

– ValvesValves to prevent much to prevent much gravity pullgravity pull

VenulesVenules: larger than : larger than capillariescapillaries

Varicose VeinsVaricose VeinsDamaged Valves in VeinsDamaged Valves in Veins

Your Heart: The Vital PumpYour Heart: The Vital Pump

At REST, the heart At REST, the heart pumps about 5 pumps about 5 QUARTS of blood a QUARTS of blood a minute.minute.

During EXTREME During EXTREME EXERTION EXERTION (exercise) it can (exercise) it can pump 40 quarts a pump 40 quarts a minute.minute.

Heart:Heart:Structure and FunctionStructure and Function

Keeps blood Keeps blood movingmoving

Large organ Large organ composed of composed of Cardiac muscleCardiac muscle

Structure of HeartStructure of Heart

Four chambers Four chambers – Two upper (Atria)Two upper (Atria)

Right AtriaRight Atria Left AtriaLeft Atria

– Two lower Two lower (Ventricles)(Ventricles) Right VentricleRight Ventricle Left VentricleLeft Ventricle

Bloods Path Through the Bloods Path Through the HeartHeart

Both Atria fill at same timeBoth Atria fill at same time

– Rt atrium receives oxygen POOR blood Rt atrium receives oxygen POOR blood from body via the vena cavasfrom body via the vena cavas

– Left atrium receives oxygen RICH blood Left atrium receives oxygen RICH blood from lungs through four pulmonary from lungs through four pulmonary veinsveins

After filled with blood atria contract, After filled with blood atria contract, pushing blood into ventriclepushing blood into ventricle

Both ventricles contractBoth ventricles contract

Right ventricle contracts and Right ventricle contracts and pushes oxygen-poor blood pushes oxygen-poor blood toward lungs, toward lungs,

against gravity, against gravity, through pulmonary arteriesthrough pulmonary arteries

Left ventricle contracts and forces Left ventricle contracts and forces oxygen rich blood oxygen rich blood out of heart through out of heart through aorta (largest vessel)aorta (largest vessel)

Bloods Path Through the Heart Bloods Path Through the Heart (cont)(cont)

The BloodThe Blood

Body contains 4-6 Body contains 4-6 LL

Consists of Consists of – WaterWater– Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells– PlasmaPlasma– White blood cells White blood cells

and plateletsand platelets

Erythrocytes (RBC)Erythrocytes (RBC)

Transporters ofTransporters of– OxygenOxygen– Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide

RBC are produced in red RBC are produced in red bone marrow of bone marrow of – ribs, ribs, – humerus, humerus, – femur, femur, – sternum, and other long bonessternum, and other long bones

Leukocytes (WBC)Leukocytes (WBC)

WBC fight WBC fight infectioninfection

– Attack foreign Attack foreign substancessubstances

Less abundantLess abundant Large cellsLarge cells

PlateletsPlatelets

PLATELETS are for CLOTTING PLATELETS are for CLOTTING bloodblood

Cell fragmentsCell fragments Produced in bone marrowProduced in bone marrow Fibrin (sticky network of protein Fibrin (sticky network of protein

fibers)fibers)– Form a web trapping blood cellsForm a web trapping blood cells

Section 37-2Blood Clotting

Break in Capillary Wall

Blood vessels injured.

Clumping of Platelets

Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin..

Clot Forms

Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood..

Blood TypesBlood Types

Massive loss of blood requires a Massive loss of blood requires a transfusiontransfusion

Four TypesFour Types– AA– BB– ABAB– OO

Inherited from your parentsInherited from your parents

Blood TypesBlood Types

What happens when you mix What happens when you mix blood types?blood types?

Plasma contains proteins Plasma contains proteins that correspond to the shape that correspond to the shape of the different antigensof the different antigens

If you mix one type with the If you mix one type with the wrong one, you get wrong one, you get CLUMPINGCLUMPING

Type O is the universal donor Type O is the universal donor Type AB is the universal Type AB is the universal

acceptoracceptor

What Makes Our Blood What Makes Our Blood Type?Type?

Blood Type of Donor

A

B

AB

O

Blood Type of Recipient

A B AB O

Unsuccessful transfusion Successful transfusion

Blood Transfusions

Rh FactorRh Factor

Rhesus factor (Rh), also inheritedRhesus factor (Rh), also inherited– RhRh++ (have antigen) (have antigen)– RhRh- - (NO antigen)(NO antigen)

Can cause complications in Can cause complications in pregnanciespregnancies– mother Rhmother Rh-- 1 1stst baby Rh baby Rh++ : blood mixes : blood mixes

with mother; mother’s body makes anti-with mother; mother’s body makes anti-RhRh++ antibodies antibodies

– 22ndnd Rh Rh ++ body attacks baby body attacks baby– Now have medicine to prevent antibody Now have medicine to prevent antibody

formationformation

Getting to the Heart of the MatterGetting to the Heart of the Matter

ENGAGEENGAGE

1. Walt Disney’s 1957 “Hemo the Magnificent”

2. Play song from St. Joseph’s Aspirin Commercial (originally in Happy Days episode) at:

 

http://www.stjosephaspirin.com/page.jhtml?id=/stjoseph/include/5_2.inc

LyricsLyrics

• Pump, pump, pumps your Blood.• The right atrium’s where the process begins, where the

CO2 Blood enters the heart.• Through the tricuspid valve, to the right ventricle, the

pulmonary artery, and lungs.• Once inside the lungs, it dumps its carbon dioxide and

picks up its oxygen supply.• Then it’s back to the heart through the pulmonary vein,

through the atrium and left ventricle.• Pump, pump, pumps your Blood. 

EXPLOREEXPLORE

• Circulatory System Simulation

Capillaries of head and arms

Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs

Inferior vena cava

Pulmonary vein

Capillaries of right lung

Superior vena cava Aorta

Pulmonary artery

Capillaries of left lung

EXPLAINEXPLAINCirculation Coloring Activity

1. Color the path of oxygenated blood red. 2. Color the path of deoxygenated blood blue 3. Label the following structures on the above diagram:Aorta Left Atria Right Atria Left Ventricle Right VentricleLungs Vena CavaTissues of the Body Capillaries

4. Use arrows to indicate blood flow direction.

ELABORATEELABORATE

Circulation Relay

What is Blood Made of?

What is Blood Made of?What is Blood Made of?• CANDY RED HOTS 44%: Red Blood Cells

(RBCs) - carry oxygen and carbon dioxide around body, RBCs only live for about 3 months but are continuously produced in the bone marrow.CORN SYRUP 55%: Plasma/Water - syrupy, thick, clear, yellowish liquid that carries dissolved food and wastes in water.WHITE JELLY BEANS 1/2%: White Blood Cells (WBCs) - bigger than RBCs, oddly-shaped cells that 'eat' bits of old blood cells and attack germs.CANDY SPRINKLES 1/2%: Platelets - bits of cells and cytoplasm that help your blood clot.

EVALUATEEVALUATE

• Given a drawing the student will label and describe the functions of the four major parts of the circulatory system: Heart, arteries, veins and capillaries.• After participating the circulatory relay simulation, the learner will travel the correct circulation pathway beginning at the left ventricle and ending at the left atrium. • After participating in the blood activity, the learner will list the following four components of the blood: RBC, WBC, Plasma and Platelets and describe the function of blood.