SCIENCEPROGRAMMED

LEARNING MATERIAL

PRESENTED BY : RASMEET KAUR B.ED 14162088

CONTENT ANALYSIS

ANIMAL TISSUE

A group of cells that have similar structure and function constitute a tissue. Tissues aggregate to form an organ. Many organs together constitute organ system. Organ systems aggregate to form an organism. Tissues can be plant tissues or animal tissues.

Animal tissues: These are the tissues present only in animals. Different types of animal tissues are epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.

Epithelial tissue forms a lining all over the body of the organism. It protects the inner lying parts. It is also secretory in function to secrete sebum and excrete wastes along with sweat. Sometimes it is absorptive in nature. Epithelial tissues act like a barrier to keep the different body systems separate. • Squamous epithelium has flat and thin cells with no intercellular spaces. Squamous epithelium provides mechanical support and is found in the outer layer of the skin, lining the cavities of ducts, blood vessels and the chambers of the heart. • Columnar epithelium consists of cylindrical cells. It is found in the lining of the stomach and intestines, and facilitates the movement of nutrients across the epithelial barrier. • Glandular epithelium consists of modified columnar cells, and is found in the sweat glands and tear glands to produce secretions. • Ciliated epithelium consists of columnar cells with cilia. These cilia push the mucus forward into the nasal tract to clear it. • Cuboidal epithelium consists of cubical cells. It is found in the lining of the kidney tubules, salivary glands and thyroid glands, where it provides mechanical support. • Stratified epithelium has epithelial cells lined up one over another. It is found in the epidermis of the skin, the lining of the mouth cavity, and oesophagus.

Connective tissues are fibrous in nature. They include blood, bone, ligament, cartilage, areolar and adipose tissues. These help in binding other tissues together. They also provide support to other tissues. • Blood has plasma and blood cells. The blood cells suspended in the plasma include RBC’s, WBC’s and platelets. Blood flows within blood vessels, and transports gases, digested food and hormones to different parts of the body. • Bone cells are embedded in a hard matrix composed of calcium and phosphorus compounds. Bones anchor the muscles. • Ligaments are tough and elastic. They provide strength and flexibility. Tendons are tough and non-elastic, and provide great strength and limited flexibility. • Cartilage has widely spaced cells suspended in a matrix of proteins and sugars. It is found in the nose, ears, and the rings of the trachea to give flexibility. • Areolar connective tissue has irregular shaped cells and is found between the skin and muscles, around blood vessels and nerves. • Adipose tissue contains cells filled with fat globules. It is found below the skin and acts as an insulator.

Muscle tissues are made up of muscle cells. These are elastic in nature they have tensile strength. They bring about movement in the organism. These muscles can be voluntary or involuntary in function. Muscle tissue is categorized into visceral muscles, skeletal muscles and cardiac muscles. Muscular tissues are of three kinds namely striated muscles, unstriated muscles and cardiac muscles.

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CHOOSE YOUR QUESTION

TEST YOUR PROGRESS

• Question 1: Which are the four types of animal tissues?

1. Epithelial, Squamous, Muscular, Connective2. Epithelial, connective, Muscular, Cardiac3. Connective, Muscular, Epithilial, Nervous4. Cuboidal, Ciliated, Glandular, Columnar

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

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Question 2:   Cuboidal: Epithilial:: Cardiac: _______

 

1. NERVOUS 2. CONNECTIVE 3. EPITHILIAL

4. MUSCULAR

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Question 3:   Striated muscle is also called ______.

1. CARDIAC MUSCLES

2. SMOOTH MUSCLES

3. SKELETAL MUSCLES

4. INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES

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Question 4: A cell body which contains a nucleus and cytoplasm is ____________.

1. BLOOD

2. CARTILAGE

3. TENDON

4. NEURON

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Question 5: Ciliated epithelium is found in ________________.

1. TONGUE

2. OESOPHAGUS

3. TRACHEA

4. UTERUS

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QUESTION 6 : WHILE DOING WORK AND RUNNING, YOU MOVE YOUR ORGANS LIKE HANDS, LEGS ,ETC .

1. SMOOTH MUSCLES CONTRACT AND PULL THE LIGAMENTS TO MOVE THE BONES.

2. SMOOTH MUSCLES CONTRACT AND PULL THE TENDON TOMOVE THE BONES.

3. SKELETAL MUSCLES CONTRACT AND PULL THE LIGAMENTS TO MOVE THE BONES.

4. SKELETAL MUSCLES CONTRACT AND PULL THE TENDONS TO MOVE THE BONES.

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QUESTION 7 : A PERSON MET WITH AN ACCIDENT IN WHICH TWO LONG BONES OF HAND WERE DISLOCATED. WHICH AMONG THE FOLLOWING MAY BE THE POSSIBLE REASON ?

1. TENDON BREAK

2. BREAK OF SKELETAL MUSCLES

3. LIGAMENT BREAK

4. AREOLAR TISSUE BREAK

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QUESTION 8 : NERVOUS TISSUE IS FOUND IN … ?

1. BRAIN

2. SPINAL CORD

3. TENDON

4. NERVES

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QUESTION 9 : NAME THE TISSUE BY WHICH TWO BONES CAN BE CONNECTED WITH EACH OTHER.

1. LIGAMENTS

2. SENSORY EPITHELIUM

3. CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

4. SPINAL CORD

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QUESTION 10 : Sprain is caused by excessive pulling of _______________.

1. NERVES

2. TENDON

3. MUSCLES

4. LIGAMENTS

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