POWER POINT PRESENTATION ON GLOBAL WARMING AND GREEN HOUSE EFFECT

Prepared by Name:- Meghansh Gautam Class:- IX- ARoll no.:- 19

INDEX • What is global warming?• Observed temperature changes.• Causes of global warming.• What is greenhouse effect?• Greenhouse gases.• Role in climate change.

WHAT IS GOLBAL WARMING?• Global Warming is the increase of Earth's average

surface temperature due to effect of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels or from deforestation, which trap heat that would otherwise escape from Earth. 

OBSERVED TEMPERATURE CHANGE

• The increase in ocean heat content is much larger than any other store of energy in the Earth’s heat balance over the two periods 1961 to 2003 and 1993 to 2003, and accounts for more than 90% of the possible increase in heat content of the Earth system during these periods.

• Two millennia of mean surface temperatures according to different reconstructions from climate proxies, each smoothed on a decadal scale, with the instrumental temperature record overlaid in black.

CAUSES OF GOLBAL WARMING• Global warming is primarily a problem of too

much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere—which acts as a blanket, trapping heat and warming the planet.

• As we burn fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas for energy or cut down and burn forests to create pastures and plantations, carbon accumulates and overloads our atmosphere.

• Certain waste management and agricultural practices aggravate the problem by releasing other potent global warming gases, such as methane and nitrous oxide.

• See the pie chart for a breakdown of heat-trapping global warming emissions by economic sector.

WHAT IS GREEN HOUSE EFFECT?• The greenhouse effect is a process by which

thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature above what it would be in the absence of the gases.

GREENHOUSE GASES• A greenhouse gas (sometimes abbreviated GHG) is a

gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.

• By their percentage contribution to the greenhouse effect on Earth the four major gases are

• water vapor, 36–70%• carbon dioxide, 9–26%• methane, 4–9%• ozone, 3–7%

ROLE IN CLIMATE CHANGE• Strengthening of the greenhouse effect through human activities

is known as the enhanced (or anthropogenic) greenhouse effect. This increase irradiative forcing from human activity is attributable mainly to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.

•  According to the latest Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, "most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations".

• CO2 is produced by fossil fuel burning and other activities such as cement production and tropical deforestation. Measurements of CO2 from the Mauna Loa observatory show that concentrations have increased from about 313 ppm in 1960 to about 389 ppm in 2010. It reached the 400ppm milestone on May 9, 2013.

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