science results. n. produit integral science results 2 integral is on a 3-days orbit with apogee at...
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Science results
N. Produit INTEGRAL science results 2
INTEGRAL is on a3-days orbit with apogeeat 150 000 km and perigeeat 10 000 km.
Maximizes time outside the electron belts
N. Produit INTEGRAL science results 3
The instruments
The spectrometer SPI (Ge)- 20 keV -> 8 MeV (1keV)- field of view: 16 degrees- angular resolution: 2 degrees
The optical camera OMC- field of view: 5 degrees- resolution: 17.6 arcsec- up to 19.7 mag
The X-ray imager JEM-X- 3 -> 35 keV- angular resolution: 1 arcmin- FCFOV 4.8(dia) degrees
The imager IBIS (CdTe, CsI)- 15 keV -> 10 MeV (10keV)- resolution: 12 arcmin- FCFOV 9X9 degrees
Technique ofcoded maskfor IBIS, SPIand JEM-X
Exposure Map up to February 2006maximum 107 sec
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Science with INTEGRAL
Emission processes:
● Matter anti-matter annihilation
● Matter matter collision ● Black body radiation (surface of neutron stars)
● Bremsstrahlung (clusters of galaxies also a deep gravitational well)
● Synchrotron radiation (relativistic electrons in B-field)
● Compton processes (electron-photon diffusion) with either thermal electrons or relativistic electrons
● Relativstic jets that boost either process
● Nuclear line emission
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The variable γ ray sky
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“MAGNETAR, B ~ 1015 G Neutron star, Field re-arrangement INTEGRAL SPI/ACS von Kienlin et al.
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micro-quasar GRS 1915+105 D. Hannikainen et al.
New type of variability
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20-60keV variability mapNeronov et al.
Variability ofgalactic centerless than 8%
Extended emission
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Galactic center Revnivtsev et al. 2004, A&A 425, L49)
16-60keV
ISGRI data
Fe contoursASCAoverplot
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● INTEGRAL: PL ~ 1.8, no cut-off << 100 keV:
→ Initial SgrA* spectrum similar to low luminosity AGN’s
6.4 keV line is stable over ~ 10 y
Compton continuum
Fluorescence
cut-off (Comptonrecoil of h.e. γ’s)
Scattered radiation
NH: 8x1022 cm-2, Fe-abundance: 1.9 (x solar) MSgrB2: 2x106 M (r/10 pc)2
Close stellar XRB transients inside cloud (~30 ly across) ruled out. Illuminating source: Sgr A*, ± 1700 A.D. Past luminosity (2-200 keV) ~ 1039 erg/s (104 of today’s value)
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IGR J00291+5934 Shaw, Eckert et al. 2005INTEGRAL ISGRI 20-60keV
Fastest accreting msec pulsar, discovered December 2 2004
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Radio Pulsars
Millisecond Radio Pulsars
Spin u
p by
mass
accre
tion
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GX5-1, Neutron star binary system A. Paizis et al.
Accretion disk and a Compton component, hard tails arenot a signature of the presence of black holes.
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Bright unidentified sources
Many unidentified sources should be HMXBOver-density in the (inner) Norma arm region
High HMXB density
Low HMXB density
Walter et al 2005
Lutovinov et al 2005
New : -0.9HMXB : -0.6HMXB+new: -0.6HMXB (XTE): -0.6±0.1
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Electron-positron annihilation, SPI map
There are 1043 annihilation per second. Spectrum suggests annihilation in warm medium (7000K) Churasov et al. MNRAS 357, 1377, 2005
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Big Bang
Hydrogène + Helium
Fe 60 : ~ 2 000 000 yearsAl 26 : ~ 1 000 000 yearsTi 44 : ~ 90 yearsNa 22 : ~ 4 yearsCo 56, 57 : ~ 100, 400 daysNi 56, 57 : ~ 8, 2 days
Nucleosynthesis
Some of the stellarnucleo synthesis productsare observable
Stars
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Diehl et al.Nature 2006
26Al emissionassociatedwithdisk population
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Quasar 3C 273
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Courvoisier et al.,2003, A&A 411,L343
GRS 1227+025 notobserved
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GAMMA Ray bursts: 1 per month in the IBIS Field of view.
Localisation to 2-4 arcminutes.
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Burst positions are sent automatically to the communityby the IBAS system (Mereghetti et al.,2003, A&A 411, L291Burst light curve and trigger history:
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Earth observation
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As conclusion
INTEGRAL is already in an extended mission phaseA further extension until 2008 has been accepted by ESA
AO4 is open you can submit observation requests!
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