science vocabulary what does research say?. of 5,000 commonly used words first graders with low ses...
TRANSCRIPT
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Science Vocabulary
What does research say?
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Of 5,000 commonly used words
First graders with low SES know about 1,800
First graders from middle-class families know about 2,700
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• Children in lower SES schools learn about 3,500 words a year.
• Children in middle-class schools learn about 5,200 words a year.
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What does research say?
The Big Duhs!
How much did they spend to come to these conclusions? $$$$$$$$
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• Verbal knowledge is one of the best indicators of verbal ability.
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• Disadvantaged children are likely to have a substantially smaller vocabulary than more advantaged children.
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• Teaching vocabulary can improve reading comprehension.
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“The Goal”
25,000 words by the end of 8th grade50,000 words by the end of high school
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Frequency of Rare Words• Number of Rare Words• Source Per 1,000 words• I. Printed texts• Abstracts of science articles 128.0• Newspapers 68.3• Popular magazines 65.7• Children’s books 30.9• • II. Television texts• Prime-time adult shows 22.7• Prime-time children’s shows 20.2• • III. Adult speech• Expert witness testimony 28.4• College graduates talking with friends 17.3
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Ways We Learn Vocabulary
• Random incidental learning experiences
• Planned incidental learning experiences
• Direct instruction experiences
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Direct Instruction
1. The teacher identifies the new word and elicits the student’s background knowledge.
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Direct Instruction
2. The teacher explains the meaning of the new word.
(in their context)
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Direct Instruction
3. Students generate their own explanations and the teacher helps clear up confusion and misinformation.
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Direct Instruction
4. Students create a visual representation of the new word. (not a masterpiece)
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Direct Instruction
5. Students engage in experiences that deepen
their understanding of the new word.
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Direct Instruction
6. Students engage in vocabulary games and activities to help them remember the word and its meaning.
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Visual Representations?
• Mental pictures
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Visual Representations?
• Mental Pictures• Symbols
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Visual Representations?
• Mental Pictures• Symbols• Graphic Organizers
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Visual Representations?
• Mental Pictures• Symbols• Graphic Organizers• Kinesthetic Representations
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Visual Representations?
• Mental Pictures• Symbols• Graphic Organizers• Kinesthetic Representations• Physical Models
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Mental Pictures
Try one.
rubbish
photosynthesisexoskeletonmimicry
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Graphic Organizers
The Frayer Model:Definition Characteristics
The word: _______________
Examples Non-examples
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Graphic Organizers
The Frayer Model:
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Kinesthetic – A Tree
LeavesInner BarkOuter BarkHeartwoodCambiumSapwoodRoots
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Physical Models
Think of at least four models that could be used at each grade.
3rd grade4th grade5th grade
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Deepen Understanding
• Possible Sentences
clouds frontrain humiditypredict air massweather pressure
occluded
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Deepen Understanding
• Semantic Mapping
Water Words
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Deepen Understanding
• Venn Diagrams
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Deepen Understanding
• Semantic Feature AnalysisAnimals Lives
on landLives in the water
ItFlies
Has a shell
Has scales
Has feathers
Eats meat,Plants or both
SquirrelRaccoonPelicanCrowCowTurtleFoxLionAlligatorLizardSalamanderFishPenguinSnakegrasshopperclam
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Deepen Understanding
• Clue Webs What’s another When does it happen? What is the word for it? ____________________ opposite of it? ________________ ____________________
_________________ ________________ ____________________
_________________
Unknown word/object: _____________________
Where is it? What does it look, smell, sound, What does it do?_____________ taste,and/or feel like?
_________________________________ __________________________
_________________________________ __________________________
_________________________________ __________________________
____________________
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Deepen Understanding
• Creating Analogies
is to
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Deepen Understanding
• Creating Analogies
is to ________
as
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Inferring Meaning from Context
1. Play and Question
2. Slow Advance
3. Stop and Rewind
4. Play and Question
5. Stop, Drop Back and Fast Forward
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WORD GAMES
Science Match Me Science PyramidFill-in-the Blank Story Science PictionaryScience Pass-It-On Science CharadesScience Bingo Science FootballScience Password Science BaseballScience Scramble Sci. Vocab. Bee
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Incidental Learning
• Create a vocabulary-rich environment.
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Incidental Learning
• Create semantic cluster walls.
What is wrongwith this wall?
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Incidental Learning
• Provide wide reading experiences.
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Incidental Learning
• Carefully select read-aloud experiences.
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Assessing Vocabulary Skills
“Vocabulary tests that ask students to match the word with the dictionary meaning will not give you useful information.”
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Ask students to:
• Write their own definition of the word.• Create and explain a symbol representing the
word.• Draw a picture that represents meaning.• Give an example that represents the meaning.• Create a concept map of Frayer Model of the
word.• Use their rich vocabulary forever!
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