1Workshop4Physical Science

2Failures?

3Energy and Motion

4Force:apushorpullthatcausesanobjecttomove,stop,orchangedirection.Friction:aforcethatopposes,oractsagainst,motionwhentwosurfacesrubagainsteachother.Magnetism:theforceofrepulsion(pushing)orattraction(pulling)betweenpolesofmagnets.Gravitation:theforcethatpullsallobjectsintheuniversetowardoneanother.Position:anobject'splace,orlocation.Speed:ameasureofthedistanceanobjectmovesinagivenamountoftime.Velocity:anobject'sspeedinaparticulardirection.Acceleration:achangeinmotioncausedbyunbalancedforcesorachangeinvelocity.Momentum:ameasureofhowharditistoslowdownorstopanobject.Orbit:thepathonebodyinspacetakesasitrevolvesaroundanotherbody;suchasthatofEarthasitrevolvesaroundtheSun.LawofUniversalGravitation:lawthatstatesthatallobjectsintheuniverseareattractedtoallotherobjects.

Vocabulary

5Energy:theabilitytocausechangeinmatter.KineticEnergy:theenergyofmotion,orenergyinuse.PotentialEnergy:theenergyanobjecthasbecauseofitsplaceorcondition.ElectricCharge:thechargeobtainedbyanobjectwhenitgainsorloseselectrons.ElectricForce:theattractionorrepulsionofobjectsduetotheircharges.ElectricCurrent:theflowofelectronsfromnegativelychargedtopositivelychargedobjects.Conductor:amaterialthatconductselectronseasily.ElectricCircuit:thepathalongwhichelectronscanflow.Insulator:amaterialthatdoesnotcarryelectrons.Resistor:amaterialthatresiststheflowofelectronsinsomeway.Electromagnet:atemporarymagnetmadebypassingelectriccurrentthroughawirecoiledaroundanironbar.Reflection:thelightenergythatbouncesoffobjects.Refraction:thebendingoflightrayswhentheypassthroughasubstance.Lens:pieceofclearmaterialthatbends,orrefracts,lightrayspassingthroueghit.Pitch:anelementofsounddeterminedbythespeedatwhichsoundwavesmove.Volume:theamountofspacethatanobjecttakesup;[sound],theloudnessofasound.Temperature:theaveragekineticenergyofallthemoleculesinanobject.Heat:thetransferofthermalenergyfromonesubstancetoanother.Conduction:thedirecttransferofheatbetweenobjectsthattouch.Convection:thetransferofheatasaresultofthemixingofaliquidoragas.Radiation:thetransferofthermalenergybyelectromagneticwaves.

Vocabulary

6FORCES

7Forces Aforceisanypushorpullthatcausesanobjecttomove,stop,orchangespeedordirection. Anobjectstartstomove,stopsmoving,orchangesspeedordirectiononlywhenaforceactsonit.

8BalancedandUnbalancedForcesAnyobjecttendstoconserveitsspeedandvelocityunlessanexternalforceactsuponit.

9Friction,Magnetism,andGravity ThreeoftheforcesthataffectobjectsonEartheverydayarefriction,magnetism,andgravity. Frictionisaforcethatopposes,oractsagainst,motionwhentwosurfacesrubagainsteachother.Roughsurfacesproducemorefrictionthansmoothsurfacesdo. Magnetismistheforceofrepulsion(pushing)orattraction(pulling)betweenpolesofmagnets.Everymagnethastwopoles,northandsouth.Everymagnethasamagneticfieldaroundit. Gravitationistheforcethatpullsallobjectsintheuniversetowardoneanother.ThisistheforcethatholdsthingstothesurfaceofEarth.Thestrengthofgravitationbetweentwoobjectsalsodependsonthedistancebetweentheobjectsandeachother'smasses.

10

Canyouidentifytheseforces?

Friction

Magnetism

Gravity

11

12

WhatisGravity? Gravityistheforceofattractionthatanyobjectthathasmassexertsoverotherobjects. Gravitydependsontwofactors:MassandDistance.

Draw

Mass

Distance

13

FreeFallExperiment

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15

PracticalApplicationsofForces

16

17

18

MOTION

19

TypesofMotion

SIMPLE LINEAR CIRCULAR ORBIT

CIRCULAR

SIMPLE

ORBIT

LINEAR

LINEARCIRCULAR

20

21

22

ENERGY

23

KineticandPotentialEnergy Energyistheabilitytocausechangesinmatter. Therearetwobasickindsofenergy:theenergyofmotion,orenergyinuse,iskineticenergy.Anymatterinmotionhaskineticenergy. Potentialenergyistheenergyanobjecthasbecauseofwhereitisorbecauseofitscondition. Thechangeofanyobject'senergybackandforthbetweenkineticenergyandpotentialenergyiscalledthetransformationofenergy. Althoughenergyoftenistransformed,orchanged,fromoneformtoanother,thetotalamountofenergydoesn'tchange. Energycan'tbecreatedordestroyed.ThisistheLawofConservationofEnergy.

24

Kinetic Potential

Kinetic

KineticPotential

Kinetic

Potential

25

26

ACTIVITYNameasmanytypesofEnergyasyoucananddetermineitstype.

Solar

Electric Chemical

Nuclear

Eolic(Wind) Elastic

Sound

LightThermal

Mechanical

KINETIC POTENTIAL

27

28

29

30

Peru

Electricenergyconsumptionperperson19952007

Ourcountryalmostallitselectricenergyfrom2sources:HydroelectricplantsandThermalprocesses.

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32

33

34

LABS

Videos

1

2

3

Resources

HowtodoanOnionEpitheliumLabActivity.doc

Howtodoamouthandbloodsmear.doc

ONION EPITHELIUM: Prepare a slide with three spots: 1) dry, 2) drop of water, 3) drop of methylene blue. Slice a wedge from a fresh onion and discard the outer layer or two. Separate a fresh layer and break it back to the membranous outer layer of epithelium. Peel off epithelium with forceps, cut into three small pieces, apply one to each of the three prepared spots on the slide (keep flat). Cover with cover slips. Write out your observations of each: 1) dry mount, 2) wet mount with water, 3) wet mount with methylene blue. Which mounting technique resolved the most detail? Illustrate any evidence of stained cells seen at 100x and 400x (on the same page). Label: plasma membrane, nucleus, nucleolus, and cytoplasm. Search for stomata, especially in outer epithelium. Here is a stoma stained.

Unstained

Stained

SMART Notebook

1. Clulas Animales

a) Clulas epiteliales

Sobre una lmina portaobjetos limpia realizar una extensin delgada y uniforme de mucosa labial.

Cubrir la muestra con un colorante bsico: azul de metileno por 5 minutos.

Colocar una lmina cubre objetos

Observar a 100X y 400X

Reconozca y esquematice las clulas epiteliales

b) Clulas sanguneas de vertebrados

Colocar una gota de sangre en el tercio externo de una lmina portaobjetos limpia y seca

Con otra lmina portaobjeto y en posicin adecuada (ngulo de 45) hacer contacto con la gota de sangre, tratando de que sta se extienda a lo largo de la arista de contacto.

Realizar un frotis rpido y uniforme

Fijar a temperatura ambiente

Cubrir el preparado con el colorante Giemsa, agregando seguidamente doble volumen de agua destilada

Colorear 15 minutos

Lavar al chorro, secar y observar con objetivo de inmersin.

Establezca y explique las diferencias entre las clulas observadas (forma, tamao, pared, nucleo, nucleolo).

SMART Notebook

Attachments

HowtodoanOnionEpitheliumLabActivity.doc

Howtodoamouthandbloodsmear.doc

ONION EPITHELIUM: Prepare a slide with three spots: 1) dry, 2) drop of water, 3) drop of methylene blue. Slice a wedge from a fresh onion and discard the outer layer or two. Separate a fresh layer and break it back to the membranous outer layer of epithelium. Peel off epithelium with forceps, cut into three small pieces, apply one to each of the three prepared spots on the slide (keep flat). Cover with cover slips. Write out your observations of each: 1) dry mount, 2) wet mount with water, 3) wet mount with methylene blue. Which mounting technique resolved the most detail? Illustrate any evidence of stained cells seen at 100x and 400x (on the same page). Label: plasma membrane, nucleus, nucleolus, and cytoplasm. Search for stomata, especially in outer epithelium. Here is a stoma stained.

Unstained

Stained

SMART Notebook

1. Clulas Animales

a) Clulas epiteliales

Sobre una lmina portaobjetos limpia realizar una extensin delgada y uniforme de mucosa labial.

Cubrir la muestra con un colorante bsico: azul de metileno por 5 minutos.

Colocar una lmina cubre objetos

Observar a 100X y 400X

Reconozca y esquematice las clulas epiteliales

b) Clulas sanguneas de vertebrados

Colocar una gota de sangre en el tercio externo de una lmina portaobjetos limpia y seca

Con otra lmina portaobjeto y en posicin adecuada (ngulo de 45) hacer contacto con la gota de sangre, tratando de que sta se extienda a lo largo de la arista de contacto.

Realizar un frotis rpido y uniforme

Fijar a temperatura ambiente

Cubrir el preparado con el colorante Giemsa, agregando seguidamente doble volumen de agua destilada

Colorear 15 minutos

Lavar al chorro, secar y observar con objetivo de inmersin.

Establezca y explique las diferencias entre las clulas observadas (forma, tamao, pared, nucleo, nucleolo).

SMART Notebook

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