Scientific English Scientific English 331331

Faculty of NursingFaculty of Nursing

School of NursingSchool of Nursing

2011 Second 2011 Second SemesterSemester

Title: Registered Nurses Enfermera Registrada

Duties:•Treat patients•Educate patients and the public about various medical conditions•Provide advice and emotional support to patients’ family members. •Record patients’ medical histories and symptoms•Help perform diagnostic tests and analyze results•Operate medical machinery• Administer treatment and medications•Help with patient follow-up and rehabilitation

• Teach patients and their families how to manage their illnesses or injuries

• Promote general health by educating the public on warning signs and symptoms of disease.

• Run general health screening or immunization clinics, blood drives, and public seminars on various conditions.

• Establish a care plan or contribute to an existing plan.

• Provide direction to licensed practical nurses and nursing aides regarding patient care.

• Perform diagnostic and therapeutic procedures

• May have prescriptive authority.

Registered Nurses

• Education and Training in Panama:

Nursing schools are currently available UNACHI and the University of Panama and her extension in the area of  Chitre.

• Earnings in Panama: earn 745 per month and work 8 hours daily. will increase the salaries of two years of working in the institution. for example, two years later would be 795 per month.

• Job outlook:

location: hospitals in which they can work:

InPanamá:

San Miguel Arcangel HospitalComplejo Arnulfo Arias Madrid Hospital

In Coclé:

Hospital Chicho Fábrega

In Chitré:

Hospital El Vigía

Chiriquí:

Hospital regional Rafael hernándezHospital Materno Infantil José Domingo de ObaldíaHospital Dionisio Arrocha

SPECIALTY: Perioperative NursesEnfermera preoperatoria

Duties: Monitor vital constants before, during and after surgery. Monitor the patient's cardiorespiratory status. Assess the area of the woundprepare the patient for surgery

Location:is the operating room

Education and Training in Panama: In Panama no have center for training nurses in this specialty, but the hospital provider a courses in this especialty. She have a bachelor's degree and be registered and have years of service.

Earnings: The nurses started $700.00 and 50.00 dollars for specialty.

Information by Miss Ingrid Sima HJDDO

•Duties: As a diabetes management nurse, you’ll deal with patients who have Type I and Type II diabetes, both of which can mean huge changes in what the patients eats as well as huge changes in other parts of life. Your role could include educating patients and their families about this disease and its risks, monitoring blood sugar, developing nutritional plans with patients, and more. Depending on your level of education, your employer, and the state where you live, you could also administer or even prescribe medications to aid with patients’ diabetes management.

•Location:In hospitals, specialized centers, health centers, health tours, homes.

•Education and Training in Panama: In Panama no there is now a specialty for this area. however, the nurse provides total care to the patient suffering from diabetes. looking to meet their needs and help in their treatment. Community nurses also guide the population on how to prevent type 2 diabetes.

•Earnings: . As a diabetes management nurse, your salary will be linked to a number of factors, such as level of education, location, type of employer, certification status, and more. This is a career area that is growing rapidly, so you can expect to see higher and higher average salary amounts for diabetes management nurses in the coming years. Right now, diabetes management nurses make an average of $53,000 annually at the RN level.

Specialty: Diabetes management nurses

Specialty: Dermatology Nurses(Does not exist in Panama) Duties:

Work with patients with disorders of the skin such as cancer and psoriasis.Also responsible for the study of the structure and function of the skin.As well as diseases that affect Its prevention at the same time carries a select procedure to control possible injuries or illnesses to this.

Location:Hospitals and private clinics

Education and Training in Panama:Called phone via different nurse specialists and personal interviews were conducted on September 16, 2011, and I am told that this specialty is not practised in Panama but in other countries if without however concern if it exists as a specialty.

Earnings: His salary is unknown because there is no Panama

Johan Concepción

Scientific English 331Faculty of NursingSchool of Nursing2011 Second SemesterStudent: Aneth DelgadoID: 4-755-1048

_Geriatric nurse _Gastroenterology nurse

Title: Geriatric nurseEquivalent: Enfermera geriátrica

Duties: - Differentiate from a holistic perspective, normal aging andthe disease in an older adult.- Identify health problems and deviations according to the modelOrem.- Consider diagnosis and intervention.- Classify the nursing system to use- Know and apply basic nursing care geriatric- Strengthening self-care practices for older adults and theircaregivers.- Provide support to caregivers

Perform detailed physical exam:

- Find those parameters of normality and to identify pathologies.- Indicate frequent health checks- Encourage participation in organized groups- Educate about personal cleanliness- Encourage brushing comiday after cleaning the denture.- Lubricate the surface areas and massage of the joints- Hydrate the earlobe to prevent dryness and itching in the area

Education and Training in Panama:-Degree in Nursing- Directing the work in the room by the supervising nurse- Requires specialty in geriatrics

Earnings in Panama: $ 800

Job outlook:In our present and near future the population pyramid is completely inverted Towardsthe population of the elderly, caused an immediate and urgent need to meet the demands of Health and Welfare of the Elderly Adults.

* Our graduates have the knowledge, the most current and Contemporary Nursing, which will allow an excellent service provide nursing care to patients Clinical / Hospital of the Third Age

* Provide a service based on the training, the skills and knowledge, specialized for the care of patients of the Third Age.

* Provide specialized in Management, Hygiene and Nutrition in the Elderly Patients classified as hospital patients, Desserts and / or Outpatient.

* Provide specialized care for the Elderly Patients with chronic diseases-degenerative and / or geriatric syndromes.* Attention to Patients Domicilaria of the Third Age.

Location:- Center of Health- Elder hostel- Geriatric hospitals

Education and Training in Panama:-Study 4 years degree in nursing school-Nurse specializing in geriatric-Have 2 years of service as a general nurse and be registered

Earnings: Every 3 years the salary scale increases according to institution

Title: gynecologyEnfermera ginecologica

DUTIES:ensure good information and

advice on family planning to diagnose pregnancies and

monitored during their normal course, carry out the examinations necessary to monitor the progress of normal pregnancy

prescribe or advise on the examinations necessary for the earliest possible diagnosis of pregnancies at risk

Yahaira Espinosa

establish a program to prepare future parents for their role as such, to ensure complete preparation for childbirth including advice on hygiene and nutrition

attend the mother during labor and to monitor the status of the fetus in utero by the appropriate clinical and technical means

attend normal childbirth in the case of a vertex presentation, and even, if necessary, episiotomy and in urgent cases, help the party in case of breech presentation

detected in the mother or the child the warning signs of abnormalities that necessitate referral to a doctor and assisting the latter in case of intervention

take emergency measures are necessary in the doctor's absence, in particular the manual removal of placenta, manual examination of the uterus followed if necessary

Eairings:SPECIALIST NURSES WITH WIN 1200

Gynécologie

LOCATION

OBALDIA JOSE HOSPITAL SUNDAY

Education and training in PanamáPrimary certificateSecondary CertificateNursing DegreeGraduate emphasis in gynecology

SPECIALTY: Ambulatory Care NursesEnfermera Comunitaria

Duties: •Provide Preventing Care.•Treat patient with cronic illness.

Location:Job in comunity and healthcare settings.

Education and Training in Panama: In panama city ambulatory care nurse needs to have a degree, and after registration, a master for this specialty.

Earnings: The nurses started $700.00 and more 50.00 for specialty.

Information by Miss Zalesky Gonzales HRRH

Hilbeth Estrada

Specialty: critical care nurses

Duties:

Treat patientin critical area

Administer treatment and medications

Location:

Critical care nurses can be found working in a wide variety of environments and specialties, such as emergency departments and the intensive care units

Education and Training in Panama:

Earnings:

Davis Gonzáles

Specialty: critical care nurses

• Education and training in panama:

• Most critical care nurses in the panama. are registered nursesDue to the unstable nature of the patient population  are rarely utilized in a primary care role in the intensive care unit.

• Nurses in the panama who wish to obtain certification in critical care nursing can do so through anep

• Intensive care nurses are also required to be comfortable with a wide variety of technology and its uses in the critical care setting

Specialty: critical care nurses

Earnings:

panana gain 800 per mouth each work 6 hours

Specialty: Emergency or traume nurse

Enfermera de urgencias o trauma

Duties:

• Clinical evaluation, presents and implements specific care plan.

• Cordina ongoing assessment programs for staff and colleagues.

• Acts as the administrative representative of the unit.

• Scenes performed prehospital advanced procedures with or without medical supervision.

• Lies especially in the area of trauma - shock and is an indispensable member of the team.

• Integral attention and track the state hemodynamic, metabolic and neurological emergencies.

• Classifies patients will lend urgent care in the hospital.

• Partcipa actively in the multidisciplinary team, bringing their vision of experts.• Subjected to a triage patients in emergency and disaster situations and apply CPR.

Location: lies especially in the area of trauma and shock

Education and Training in Panama: Autonomous University of Chiriquí and

University of Panama.

Earnings: Depends on the number of years of service and increases by 50 dollars on a specialty.

Maribel Gomez

Specialty: Transport nurseDuties: some emergency nurses may become qualified to

serve as transport nurses, who provide medical care to

patients who are transported by

helicopter or airplane to the

nearrest medical facility.

Location:University of Illinois-

Chicago, Madrid España, england.

Education and Training in Panama:

In Panama does not exist this specialty and the cost of this race

is high

Earnings: references according to ignore the salary of that specialty.

Specialty: Holistic nurses TERAPIA COMPLEMENTARIA

Duties: Provide care such as acupuncture, massage and aroma therapy, and biofeedback, which are meant to treat patients’ mental and spiritual health in addition to their physical health.

Location:Chile, México

Education and Training in Panama:No such nurses are there in Panama because race that specialists in this area (interview with nursing faculty)

Earnings: salary is unknown

Gidaltis Gonzáles

Specialty: Home health care nurses Enfermera de cuidados en casaDuties:•Basic care assistance: bathing in bed, grooming, feeding, administration of drugs.

•Endovenous Treatment Placement, subject to medical prescription, preparation for studies (placement of enemas).

•Training for patient care, bed mobilization, control of liquids, take blood pressure, direct assistance to the user.

•Home peritoneal dialysis with highly qualified staff (Specialists)

•Wound healing

Location:Home care for each patient

Education and Training in Panama:In Panama, there are not home care nurses, according to the teacher and intensive care nurse Ingrid Sima, but they exist in the United States and Venezuela. The requirement is degree in nursing and a specialization.

Earnings: Salary of thirty five dollars for hour, eight thousand four hundred dollars a month.

SPECIALTY: Hospice and Palliative Care Nurses.

Enfermera en cuidado paliativos o terminales.

Duties: •Focused on maintaining quality of life for terminally ill

patients.• Administer medications for pean

Location:Job in oncology hospitalHome patients.

Education and Training in Panama: In Panama not have center for training nurses in this specialty.

Earnings: The nurses started $700.00 and more 50.00 for specialty.

Information by Miss Yolanda Ortega. Jefa de Policlínica de Bugaba

Yaira Guttierrez

Specialty:Long-term care nurse In Panama, there

Duties:provude healthcare servince on a recurring basis lo patientes with chonic physical or mental disorders.

Location: in hospital and private clinics, in ohter countries.

Education and Training in Panama: Panama does not have this speciality.

Earnings: He met the dean of the faculty and reported that Panama does not have this speciality.

• Duties:• Educating patients on surgical procedures.• Managing pain.• Discharge planning.• Working closely with other healthcare

professionals.• Maintaining a patient’s physical and

psychosocial health.

Title: Medical Surgical Nurses Enfermera medico quirúrgica

Sthepanie miranda

Location:

Can work in Hospital Rafael Hernandez, Acute Care Units.

Education and Training in Panama:

The specialty of medical-surgical nurse can be studied in the Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí which lasts one and a half.

Earnings:

Medical surgical nurse receives an average salary of 1200 dollars depending on the degree Blanca Quintero

Title: Occupational health nursesEnfermera de salud ocupacional

Duties:

Participate in the development of labor history.Carry programming, reporting and archiving of preventive medical examinationsParticipate in the epidemiological monitoring of workers with occupational diseases or work-related.Participate in the process of hazard identification, evaluation and control of occupational hazards with administrations.

Actively participate in the enforcement of the measures set out in the inspection and proper use of the means of protection

Give employees a health education according to workplace and occupational risks it is exposed

Conduct surveillance and analysis of sanitary conditions and epidemiological job and company

Develop promotional, preventive health and safety of workers, and rehabilitation of sick or injured workers, through individual actions aimed at the general worker or the collective work directed.

Develop and implement programs designed to combat risk behaviors and health habits in the workplace.

Education and training in PanamáIn 1998 approving the graduate occupational health at the Universidad de Panamá. The duration is 2 (two) semesters or 1 (one) year with theory and practice and are awarded 25 credits. Entry requirements are:Possess degree in Nursing Science.Have a academic index of 1.50 during their undergraduate studies

Earnings:Have a salary of approximately 700 to 800 dollars.

Location:private companiesHospitalsClinicsschools

Specialty: Perianesthesia nurse ,spanish equivalent: enfermera anestesióloga Duties:provide preoperative and postoperative care to patients undergoing anesthesia during surgery or procedure.

Location: According to the nurse anesthetist, intensivist Zapata mayra currently working at the regional hospital prepare this race the same St. Thomas Hospital she took a specialty and then discontinued this preparation, at present the anesthesiologist is the one who placed the nurse anesthesia and no

Education and Training in Panama: there is this race in Panama according to hospital clinical professors and Mayra Zapata Ingrid Sima

Earnings in Panama: dollars biweekly 1080 According to the professor many years ago this was the salary she was a nurse anesthetist has Mayra Zapata.

Eunides Montoto

• Perianesthesia nurse

• Imagen include,• Eunides Montoto• 4-739-2244

• Job outlook:• currently there is no such race in Panama, according to

the versions of the teachers of clinical practice and Mayra Zapata Ingrid Sima in the Chiriqui province there are only 5 and only nurse anesthetists are responsible for preoperative and postoperative care of anesthesia in the patients undergoing surgery

Specialty: Psychiatric- mental health nurse Enfermera psiquiátrica o de

salud mental.

Duties:•Treat patients with personality and mood disorders.•Train the technical team.•Teach about mental health to patient’ s family members.

Location:

In the Regional Hospital- Chiriquí and “Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental de Panamá”.

Yussara Nájera

Education and Training in Panama:

Postgraduate studies in mental health: The duration is 2 semesters or 1 year with theory and practice and are awarded 25 credits. The admission requirements are: • Possess bachelor's degree in Nursing Science. • Have a academic index of 1.50 during their undergraduate training.

Earnings:

Salary of 800-1000 dollars

for month.

Specialty: Radiology nurses Enfermera Radióloga

Duties: - Assess the needs of patients.- Apply the physical and psychological care before, during and after the process.- Preparation of sterile field.- Perform nursing techniques.- Apply treatments.- To assist the radiologist during the procedure.- Complement the Registry of Nursing to be attached to Sr. Clinical care and nursing activities performed, treatments and recommendations for the hours after the intervention.- Check medication, truck stop, injection pumps ...- Manage the material to be in contact with the patient (catheter guides etc. ..)

Location: Go to the radiology department patients from medical units, Surgical, Emergency, ICU and outpatient, with all sorts of diseases.

Education and Training in Panama: In Panama there is no school to specialize in radiology led to nurses.

Earnings: In Panama there is no such specialists, researchers and foreign wages of nurses radiologists is:$ 59.000 Radiology Nurse, Interventional Radiology California $ 80,000 $ 93,000 Interventional Radiology Texa.

Irma Rodriguez

Specialty: Rehabilitation nurse

DUTIES: The rehabilitation nurse who specializes in assisting people with disabilities and chronic illness to attain optimal function and optimal health, and adapt to a different lifestyle. Registered nurses Rehabilitation to help patients become more independent setting goals and realistic treatment plans. They are part of a multidisciplinary team and often coordinate patient care and team activities.

LOCATION:

Hospitals.• Centers of inpatient rehabilitation.• Centers of outpatient rehabilitation.• Centers of long-term care.• Home health services and community.• Insurance companies.• private clinics.• Schools.• occupational health centers.

• Education and training in panamá:

The specialty of nursing in rehabilitation is dictated at the University of the Americas in Panama.

• Earnings: the salary is around nine dollars.

Title: transplant nursesEnfermera de atención para el trasplante

Duties:• Care for both transplant recipients.• living donors.• monitor signs of organ rejection.

Alcibiades Saldaña

Transplat nurses

• Education and Training in Panama: In Panama, there is spatiality as such, nurses receive special training in their care to have this type of patient.

• Earnings in Panama: wages in this case depends on the years of experience of the nurse, as they increase every two years fifty dollars in addition to his base salary of eight hundred dollars.

• Job outlook: the jobs are in the metropolitan area hospitals as el Complejo Hospitalario de C.C.S and hospital Santo Tomas. referred by the teacher, a nurse at hospital Jose Domingo De Obaldia Mirta Montenegro

Title: Intellectual Developmental disabilities nurses

Enfermera de discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollozuleika sevillano

Nurses surveyed: Liana Del Cid, Yolanda Ortega, Mayra Zapata, Xenia Miranda.

According to information provided by different nurses specialization that I belonged there in panama

Duties:•Providing care for patients with physical, mental or behavioral disabilities.•Caring for patients of all ages.•Assisting with feeding and controlling bodily functions.

• Supporting patients and encouraging them to be independently mobile.

• Educating patients and their families of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

• Assisting patients with language skills and other forms of communication.

• Location:

Nurses work in many different settings including Hospitals, Schools, Worksites, and Primary Care Centres in the community.

Intellectual Developmental disabilities nurses

• Education and Training in Estados Unidos:

Registered Nurses can gain Certification in Developmental Disabilities Nursing (CDDN). To certify you must provide documentation for 4,000 hours (2 years full-time) work in a developmental disabilities nursing practice. These hours must have been completed within the last five years. You must then sit a written examination. Certification lasts for two years at which stage you can recertify by taking the examination again.

CDDN certification is accredited by the Developmental Disabilities Nurses Association (DDNA).

•Earnings in Estados Unidos:

The salary depends on your location work. but usually earn 35 dollars per hour.

•Job outlook:

It is expected that overall job opportunities for nurses to be excellent, but may vary depending on the work environment and geographical setting.

• Some employers report difficulty in attracting and retaining adequate numbers of registered nurses. It is expected that employment of registered nurses to grow much faster than average and, because of the extent of the occupation, will result in 581.500 new jobs, one of the largest numbers of new jobs for any occupation. In addition, hundreds of thousands of jobs will result from the need to replace experienced nurses who leave the occupation.

Picture of the intellectual developmental disabilities nurses

Specialty: HIV- AIDS nurses DUTIES: The nurse, as an entity health care provider, make a personal act, ethical, creative and supportive people in the health-disease process, especially in patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), their families and society in general, requires adequate care

LOCATION: Home Health Agencies General medical and surgical hospitals. Mental Health Institutes Nursing Home Doctors Offices Private Homes

Education and Training in Panama:The education training provided to nurses to treat patients with HIV-AIDS through the HIV Nursing Network of the Americas - that emerged initially REDEVIHDA November 2006.

Earnings: Approximate salary of a nurse specialist in care of patients with HIV AIDS is more or less:$ 49.504 per year.

YARIELKA ZAPATA 4-751-1383.

YARIELKA ZAPATA 4-751-1383.

SPECIALTY: Oncology NursesEnfermera Oncóloga

Duties: Provide care at patients with cancerProvider care in administration of radiation and chimioterapics.Monitor vitals constantsmonitor access intravenous for phlebitis or vein extravasation,watch for adverse drug reactions.Location:Hospital Oncologico of Panama and other room, that has patients with everithings types of cancer.Education and Training in Panama: In Panama city no specialization in oncology centers, but is aimed at nurses working in these areas of the hospital, like the other nurses must have their degree, be registered and have a few years of service.

Earnings: Nurses in gaining this position started 700.00 dollars and increases according to years of service.

Information by Miss Ingrid Sima HJDDO

Specialty: Wound, ostomy, and continence nurses.

•Duties: They care for patients with ulcers, arterial disease, and wounds caused by traumatic injury. They also provide postoperative care to patients that have ostomies, which are openings that allow alternative ways to eliminate bodily wastes and treat patients that suffer from incontinence. Some wound, ostomy, and continence nurses specialize in a specific area and others practice in all three areas.

Location: In hospitals, specialized centers, health centers, health tours, homes.

Education and Training in Panama: In Panama no we have a nurse specialist in wound, ostomy and continence. in our hospitals these procedures are performed by the internist. But the nurse has the knowledge and ability to perform the necessary care for these patients.

Earnings: The average annual salary for wound, ostomy, and continence nurse is $58,000; average annual wound, ostomy, and continence nurse salaries vary greatly with location, industry, employer, education, experience, and benefits

Edwin Centeno

Specialty: Cardiovascular nurses

(Nursing in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery)Duties:Treats patients with coronary heart disease.Those Who have had heart sugery providing services such as postoperative rehabilitation.Dedicated to prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment of vascular arterial, venous pathologies and affecting the heart.Deals with the treatment of all the problems of all the vessels of the body mainly those relating to the heart.

Location:Hospitals and private clinics

Education and Training in Panama:Have more than three years after receiving his degree of nurse a recognized institution in the country, Diploma to prove that for a minimum of one year acquired specialized preparation, through a course of cardiac nursing, a prestigious institution, exercising the specialty of cardiac nursing.

Earnings: His salary is 800 dollars

Title: oncology pediatricenfermera de pediatria oncologica

Duties:Relieve pain and other symptoms Improve emotional, mental and spiritual Providing support to family members who have cancer during illness and after the death of the person.

Yahaira Espinosa

Reduce the suffering of the patient and his family.

Improve quality of life of patients and family.

Promoting patient autonomy

Eairings:

• about pediatric oncologist nurse earns 1500 dollars

Location

• Child Hospital in panama

Education and trainig in Panamá

• Primary certificate• Secondary Certificate• Nursing Degree• Graduate emphasis in oncology pediatrics

Title: Gastroenterology nurse Equivalent:Enfermera Asistente en gastroenterología

Duties: • You must explain to the relatives and patients

themselves according to their age the importance of physical rest and constantly check their compliance.• Perform concurrent disinfection with soap and water and finish with a chemical health services.• Make a thorough hand washing after handling feces and urine of patients.• Explain the medical and paramedical personnel practicable measures to reduce nosocomial infections.• Subjecting the material to hypochlorite solution before being sent to the sterilization department.

- Assess the production of saliva, gastric acid, digestive enzymes and intestinal mucus.- Monitoring the reduction of intestinal motility, esophageal peristalsis and feeding tolerance due to reduced bacterial floraRate-elimination pattern for constipation or diarrhea.- Identify symptoms of esophagitis or gastroesophageal reflux, esophageal dilation product.- Palpate liver size and value the ability to metabolize certain drugs- Observe signs of malnutrition- Find out about food preferences and tastes.

Education and Training in Panama:- Degree in Nursing- Directing the work in the room by the supervising nurse gastroenterology- No specialized requires

Earnings in Panama: $ 750

Job outlook:* Our graduates have the knowledge of nursing most current and contemporary, which will allow you to provide an excellent service Nursing Care of Patients with gastroenterological problems.

* Domain and Knowledge Management techniques and Welfare of patients with disorders of gastroenterology.

* Sense of responsibility, professionalism and collaboration with the medical team in carrying out their duties with the patient.

* Development of Research Capabilities and Update in Knowledge of her Profession, with the latest Advanced Learning Technology.

Location:

-Hall of gastroenterology and endoscopy in the hospital

Education and Training in Panama:-Study 4 years degree in nursing school

Earnings: -Every 3 years the salary scale increases according to institution

SPECIALTY: Nephrology NursesEnfermera Nefróloga

Duties: •Provide care at patients with kidney diseases•provide care during the dialysis•providing catheter care Mahurkar

Location:workplace is in the dialysis room within the hospital.

Education and Training in Panama: In Panama city has no center or university to teach specialized nurses in this specialty, these nurses are offered a course in this area, the requirements are a bachelor's degree and be registered with at least 5 years of service.

Earnings: Nurses in gaining this position started 700.00 dollars and increases according to years of service.

Information by Miss Zalesky Gonzales HRRH

Specialty: Neuroscience nurses Enfermera de Neurociencia

• Duties: -Care management.-Run the actions derived from diagnosis and treatment.

-Duty to ensure the best resources management patient assistance.• Providing nursing care to patients or primary caregivers who present neurological diseases.

• Increase knowledge of nurses who provide care at other levels on request: Primary Care, ESAD, home care.

• Inform about available resources: Associations, Foundations, Specialized Centers.

• Using computer tools to streamline and manage the user's history, also to improve communication among professionals who treat these patients.

• Location: is dedicated to providing comprehensive diagnostic services, treatment and control for a wide range of problems cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine, all in the comfort of one location, hospital specialists in neurology.

• Education and Training in Panama: In Panama there is an education center for neuroscience nurses

• Earnings: in Panama there is no specific budget for this specialty because there is no training school for nurses to this specialty therefore there is no nurse to exercise that office in

Panama.

Specialty: Oftalmology nurse

Enfermera oftalmóloga

• Duties: The nurse comes in contact with people of any age with various diseases and can contribute, and in fact it has done, to bring about many activities that promote good vision and avoid injury or worsening. It must therefore promote the nurse visual acuity and measures to provide security and detect eye diseases in bedridden or in the rest of the population through

periodic or informative talks at the hospital.• Location: were interviewed hospital nurses Jose Domingo de Obaldia which panama

responded that this specialty still not within the scope of activities of the nurse as there is no

country in any school for this specialty.• Education and Training in Panama: In Panama there is no school for the

specialty of ophthalmology for nurses.

• Earnings: in Panama there is no specific budget for this specialty because there is no training school for nurses to this specialty therefore there is no nurse to exercise that office in

Panama.

Specialty: Otorhinolaryngology nursesDuties: otorhinolaryngology nurses care for patients with ear

nose and throat disorders, such as cleft palates, allergies and sinus disorders.

Location: the specialization

Otorhinolaryngology nurses takes

place in Argentina, United states and

Madrid with a duration of four years.

Education and Training in Panama: in Panama are more

basic to the nurse, this sector is left to specialized doctor in otorhinolaryngology

Earnings: the minimum wage in this specialty is among about six hundred twenty dollars.

Specialty: Respiratory nurses TERAPISTA RESPIRATORIO

Duties: Provide care to patients with respiratory disorders such as asthma, tuberculosis, and cystic fibrosis.

Location:

Hospital Panamá y Chiriquí

Education and Training in Panama:No such nurses are there in panama because race that specialists in this area (interview with nursing faculty)

The specialty is in respiratory therapy UDELAS, University of Panana

Earnings: The respiratory therapist salary is Panama B/500.50

Specialty: Urology nurse Enfermera especialista en urologíaAccording to the teacher and intensive care nurse Ingrid Sima, In Panama, there are not Urology nurse, but specialist nurses are in hemodialysis.

Duties:•Place patient in comfortable position

•Connect the patient with aseptic technique

•Valuing status of gauze, insertion site, presence of exudate.

• Healing with the use of masks, gloves and sterile fields.

•Use of local antiseptic: Alcohol or chlorhexidine

• Make healing in each hemodialysis session.

•Install the machine for hemodialysis

Location:In any hospital with a specialized room for hemodialysis, for example in the Hospital Regional Rafael Hernandez, Hospital Jose Domingo de Obaldia, Hospital Chiriqui.

Education and Training in Panama:•Hemodialysis postgraduate

Earnings: In the public hospital the salary is forty-seven dollars for shift, in a private hospital and his salary is eighty-seven to one hundred twenty dollars

SPECIALTY: Clinical nurses specialistsEnfermera Clínica

Duties: •Provide direct care at patients•Provide concultations

Location:Healthcare SettingsConsultations extern in hospital.

Education and Training in Panama: In Panama not have center for training nurses in this specialty. There are basic nurses.

Earnings: The nurses started $700.00 and more 50.00 for specialty.

Information by Miss Yolanda Ortega. Jefa de Policlínica de Bugaba

Specialty: Nurse anesthetists

Duties: Provide anesthesia and related care

before and after surgical, therapeutic,

diagnostic and obstetrical procedures.They also provide pain management

and emergency services such as airway management.They are responsible for observing the patient's condition after surgery.Administer pain medication and evaluate motor and sensory functions.Write the patient's progress in the clinical record as a legal document.

Location: The nurse anesthetist can work in the operating room for public and private hospitals.They are the right hand of the anesthesiologist, who needs a competent assistant, you do not make the slightest mistake and knows at all times fulfill the tasks assigned to it.

Education and Training in Panama: a nurse anesthetist need a degree equivalent to four years , a licensed registered nurse who is two years of work experience, a minimum of one year experience in an emergency room or intensive care unit and study a specialization of nurse anesthetist and pass exams to become certified.

Earnings: Nurse anesthetists earn 1200 per month and work 6 hours daily. Is one of the more paid nursing specialties.

Specialty: Nurses-Midwives Enfermera Obstetrica

Duties:Provide primary care to women, Gynecological exams, Family planning advice, Prenatal care, Assistance in labor and delivery, Neonatal care.

Location: Delivery room, Health Center.

Education and Training in Panama:

Degree in Nursing, Graduate in Ostetrics.

Earnings: B/. 755.00, Speciality B/. 50.00

Title: Forensics nursesEnfermera forense

Duties:Respond to the request of the departmentpolice for forensic medical examination.Make a record with the purpose of diagnosisand treatmentDo a complete physical examination of the victim

Collection of forensic evidence alongof the testing process. (collectionof evidence).

It addresses the medical needs and providesreferrals for follow up.

Maintains custody of the evidence collected. Provides expert witness testimony

in court when necessary.

Education and training en Panamá:It does not exist in Panama this specialty, but in countries like Costa Rica and united states has a duration of one year to acquire this specialty requires a bachelor's degree in nursing and must be registered. There are forensic nurses currently employed in the United States 7500.

Earnings:Forensic nurse salary varies from place to place. In some places, forensic nurses are paid $ 26 per hour at one hundred dollars per hour.

Location:PrisonClinicsHospitalsCourts

Specialty: Infection control nurse ,spanish equivalent: Enfermera Epidemióloga

Duties:Identify ,track ,and control infections outbreaks in health care facilities and develop programs for outbreak prevention and response to biolocal terrorism.

Location: hospitals are in the Rafael Hernandez and Jose Domingo de Obaldia, each hospital has a nurse epidemiologist for recording all new outbreaks of epidemics, viruses and bacteria, and nationally make rounds in health centers when there are new outbreaks of disease.

Education and Training in Panama: specialty is currently at the University of Panama as the medical epidemiologist in charge of epidemiology Pablo Acosta Chiriqui.

Earnings in Panama: According to the doctor a nurse epidemiologist epidemiologist Pablo Acosta wins 2035 dollars every two weeks

• Specialty: Infection control nurse

• include imagen:• Eunides montoto• 4-739-2244

• Job outlook:• now is a good specialty in the workplace because there

are not many nurse epidemiologist in the hospital according to epidemiologist Dr. Pablo Acosta Chiriqui knows only 3 nurses to this specialty

Specialty: Infusion NursesEnfermeras de Infusión

Duties: Infusion nurses provide care to patients

by administering medications, fluids, nutrition,

and blood products to patients by injecting needles

into veins or maintaining arterial catheters.monitors the patient does not give an allergic reaction to medication They are responsible for the patient receiving the dose, schedule and right medicine.These nurses are also responsible for monitoring patients, maintaining their tubing and bandages, and recognizing potential drug interactions and complications.

Specialty: neonatology nurse Duties:• Perform immediate care of the newborn in the delivery room.• Perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation in case of a newborn with asphyxia or meconium aspiration bronco.• Perform physical examination of newborns and record results in medical history.• Meet the immunization program.• Properly administer blood products.• Perform additional tests and record results in medical history.

• Evaluate changes in the newborn and inform your doctor.• Act properly in transporting critically ill neonate.• Assess the psychosocial needs of the family.• Starting balance income and expenditure.• Collect blood and urine sample for laboratory analysis.• Assess cardiovascular status, auscultation and evaluation of heart sounds, rate, rhythm, and peripheral pulses.• Assess neurologic function, alertness, coordinated movements and reflexes.

Location: in the room of neonatology

Education and Training in Panama:the course of this specialist taught in the University of Panama and lasts about a year

Earnings:the salary is between one thousand to twelve hundred dollars.

Specialty: Nurse informaticistsEnfermera de estadísticas

Specialty: Nurse informaticists Enfermera de estadísticas

Duties: •Manage and communicate nursing data and information.•Improve decision making by consumers, patients, nurses and other healthcare providers.

Location:

In Panama, the nurse supervisors have this role.

In the offices of supervision of nursing in the hospital or MINSA.

Education and training in Panama:

Master's degrees of administration: The duration is 3 academic semesters or 1 year with 6 months and are awarded 36 credits. The entry requirements are equal to those of the post degree and must maintain an index of 1.75.

Earning:

Salary 1000 dollars onwards

for month.

• Duties:• Conducting physical exams• diagnosing and treating common

illnesses and injuries• providing immunizations• interpreting X-rays and other lab tests;

and counseling patients on healthy lifestyles.

Title: Nurse PractitionersEnfermera profesional

Location:

Can work in Hospital Rafael Hernandez.

Education and Training in Panama:

this specialty does not exist in Panama, but this role nurses receive training through hospitals

Earnings:

The salary of these nurses in the hospital is around 900 dollars according to the degree Blanca Quintero

Education and Training in Panama:

Earnings: