Scientific English Writing

Section V

1. This equipment, it is said, was commercially 1. This equipment, it is said, was commercially available three years ago.available three years ago.

4. -1 –1, it was agreed, should be replaceable by –1 4. -1 –1, it was agreed, should be replaceable by –1 at will.at will.

8. No textbooks available have mentioned this point.8. No textbooks available have mentioned this point.

9. Students are familiar with none of these 9. Students are familiar with none of these parameters.parameters.

17. Some developed countries use as much as 60 17. Some developed countries use as much as 60 kilograms of paper for each person in a year.kilograms of paper for each person in a year.

18. The darker the color, the more heat will be 18. The darker the color, the more heat will be absorbed.absorbed.

IV. IV.

1.When a wire loop surrounds a stationary 1.When a wire loop surrounds a stationary magnet, no current flows in the loop. magnet, no current flows in the loop. What What Faraday and Henry discoveredFaraday and Henry discovered was that moving was that moving the magnet causes a current to flow in the loop. the magnet causes a current to flow in the loop. It It does not matter whether the magnet or the loop is does not matter whether the magnet or the loop is actually being movedactually being moved; the origin of the current lies ; the origin of the current lies in the relative motion between a conductor and a in the relative motion between a conductor and a magnetic field.magnetic field.

2. A lever is a rigid rod 2. A lever is a rigid rod pivoted at a certain popivoted at a certain point called the fulcrumint called the fulcrum. Fig. 12-1 shows the mos. Fig. 12-1 shows the most familiar type of lever, t familiar type of lever, with a load at one end with a load at one end being balanced by an applied force at the othebeing balanced by an applied force at the otherr. The condition for equilibrium is that the tor. The condition for equilibrium is that the torques produced by ques produced by FFinin and and FFout out be the same in mbe the same in magnitude.agnitude.

3. ***: male and born in December 1941. He graduate3. ***: male and born in December 1941. He graduated from the Xi’an Military Telecommunications Engind from the Xi’an Military Telecommunications Engineering Institute (the predecessor of Xidian University) eering Institute (the predecessor of Xidian University) and and remained at the institute as a faculty memberremained at the institute as a faculty member. Fr. From 1981 to 1983 he stayed at the University of Pennsyom 1981 to 1983 he stayed at the University of Pennsylvania, U.S.A. lvania, U.S.A. for further studiesfor further studies, , engaged in the reseaengaged in the research onrch on image analysis &processing and radar imaging. image analysis &processing and radar imaging. From 1989 to 1990 he went to the United States and From 1989 to 1990 he went to the United States and Britain Britain successivelysuccessively as a visiting scholar. Currently he as a visiting scholar. Currently he serves as president of Shenzhen University, being an aserves as president of Shenzhen University, being an advisor for doctoral students of Xidian University in thdvisor for doctoral students of Xidian University in the academic area of signal and information processing, e academic area of signal and information processing, he gas been he gas been in charge of and undertakenin charge of and undertaken quite a few p quite a few projects, rojects, all with high-level achievementsall with high-level achievements..

SECTION ⅢI. The infinitive 1. “It” as the subject ① It is possible to… It is necessary to… It is a simple matter to… ② It will do you good to… It makes sense to ③ It suffices to… It remains to… ④ It is desired to… It is left to sb. to…

It remains only for the applications and products to be designed to take advantage of this communications technology.

只要做一个简单的实验就够了。

如果想要求出这个电阻上的电压，我们必须首先知道流过它的电流。

If it is desired to find out the voltage across this resistor, we must first know the current flowing through it.

证明这个公式成立这一点就留作为读者证明这个公式成立这一点就留作为读者的一个习题。的一个习题。

It is left as a problem to the reader to show thIt is left as a problem to the reader to show that this formula holds.at this formula holds.

解这个方程花了我们两个多小时。解这个方程花了我们两个多小时。

It took us more than two hours to solve this eqIt took us more than two hours to solve this equation. uation.

做这些练习对你们是有好处的。做这些练习对你们是有好处的。

2. As an attributive

R 是所要测定的电阻。 R is the resistance to be measured.

有许多问题要我们考虑。 There are many problems for us to consider.

这里有许多种类型的万用表供你选用。 Here are many types of multi-meters for yo

u to choose from.

3. Complex infinitive for + n. or pron. + to do

我们必须详细地研究这种材料的性质。 It is necessary for us to study the properties of t

his material in detail.

阳光到达地球需要大约八分钟的时间 It takes about eight minutes for sunlight to reac

h the earth.

一个电路只包含电阻是罕见的。 It is rare for a circuit to contain only resistance.

为了使… ( 能 )… For … to do…

为了使该计算机能够正常工作，外加电压必须合适。 For the computer to work/ operate /function normally, the applied voltage must be proper/ appropriate.

A number of basic problems must be overcome for a nuclear reactor to operate properly.

So called interrogative words +infinitive

4. Nominal infinitivewhat what

when when

whichwhich

wherewhere

whomwhom

whetherwhether

howhow This book attempts to present not only the major This book attempts to present not only the major technical solutions for controlling Internet security, technical solutions for controlling Internet security, but also the necessary business and managerial but also the necessary business and managerial perspectives on why, when, and how to implement perspectives on why, when, and how to implement these controls.these controls.

如何测定原子的重量和体积是我们很多人感兴趣的一个问题。 How to determine the weight and size of an atom is a question interesting to many of us.必须作出决定到底选用那一项。 The decision on which term to choose must be made.读者可能不知道该首先做这些运算中的那一个。 The reader may have no idea which of these operations to do first.我们得求出使 x 为多大才能使这个等式成立。We have to find out how large to make x for this equation to hold.

II. Participle

1. As an attribute

铜是广泛使用的导体。 Copper is a widely used conductor.

A capacitor is a device consisting of two conductors separated by a non-conductor.

Yellow added to blue produces white light.

A lamp connected across a dry cell is an example of a simple electric circuit.

2. As an adverbial condition, time , reason, additional description

若已知电流和电阻，我们就能求出电压来。 Given current and resistance, we can find out volt

age.

由于铜是一种良导体，所以被广泛地用在电气工程中。

Being a good conductor of electricity, copper is widely used in electrical engineering.

Recognizing the importance of the ozone layer to life on the earth, these industrial nations committed to take some effective measures. Silver is the best conductor, followed by copper.

Ⅲ. The with-construction

让我们以原点为圆心，做一个半径为 r 的半圆。 Let us draw a semi-circle of radius r, with the origin as its center.

我们必须紧跟以江泽民同志为核心的党中央。 We must follow closely the CPC central committee with Comrade Jiang Zemin at the core.

FunctionsFunctions : time , condition , reason , further : time , condition , reason , further statement , result…statement , result…

由于存在摩擦，一部分功率作为热而损失掉了。

With friction present, a part of power has been lost as heat.

在设计因特网时，并没有考虑安全问题。 The Internet was designed without securit

y problems in mind.在设计在设计 RCRC 电路时，只考虑一两种用途。电路时，只考虑一两种用途。

Without the temperature or pressure changed, Without the temperature or pressure changed, matter can never change from one state into anothmatter can never change from one state into another.er.

Each planet revolves around the sun in as elliptiEach planet revolves around the sun in as elliptical orbit, with the sun at one focus of the ellipse.cal orbit, with the sun at one focus of the ellipse.

本书既讲了实际 的设计方法，同时也讲述了理论本书既讲了实际 的设计方法，同时也讲述了理论问题，重点放在一般概念上。问题，重点放在一般概念上。

Both practical design techniques and theoretical Both practical design techniques and theoretical problems are covered with emphasis on general coproblems are covered with emphasis on general concepts.ncepts.

QUIZ I1. There is a 1-in-17 chance of drawing two successive hearts ( 红

桃 ) in this manner.

2. The varieties of nonferrous ( 有色的 ) metals are nearly four times what they were.

3. There are races ( 种，属 ) between animals large and small.

4. Leprosy does not affect most animals the way it does humans.

5. Aiken’s machine was limited in speed by its use of relays rather than electronic devices.

6. Familiar to all with but the slightest exposure to scientific literature, this model shows the atom as a miniature solar system.

7. The absence of atmosphere in space will allow the space telescope to show scientists light sources as far as 14-billion light years away, some seven times farther out than those visible to the biggest ground-based optical telescope.