scientific process notes
TRANSCRIPT
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Process of Science
Grade: «grade»Subject:
Date: «date»
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Title:*Needs to be concise and to the point*Should reflect all of what is being tested*For example: The effect of acid rain on plants
Background Information:*Research information about topic*Why are we doing lab (what is the problem you are trying to solve?)*Hypothesis is included at end of the background information
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We will use a worksheet to guide our research.
1. Write the question.
2. List keywords and phrases from your question and topic that may be important.
3. Using your keywords and phrases write two questions for each of the "Why", "How", "Who", "What", "When", and "Where" question starters.
4. Show me the completed worksheet and I will assign your group a computer to begin researching your topic using those questions.
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As you research, collect the following information:
1. Title
2. Author (if available)
3. URL Address
4. Short summary of the article, web page (a few sentences)
(Keep in your composition book.)
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Problem for our lab:
What will cause a gummy bear to dissolve the fastest?
Title: What are you going to test on the gummy bears? Choose any 3 liquids to test Water will also be tested... why????
Background Information:What is in a gummy bear?What is in each of your liquids?After you research this, organize it into a well thought out paragraph)You need a bibliography!!!
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Hypothesis:
Not a guess
Is testable
Is an explanation
Written as "if...then"
For example: If the seeds are given water, then they will grow
What do you think is going to happen?
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Writing Your Introduction:1. One sentence that states the purpose what are we doing in the lab?
2. A couple sentences that talks about how liquids dissolve.
3. A couple sentences about how the ingredients in your liquid may cause the Gummy Bear to dissolve quickly.
4. Your hypothesis.
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1 Researching your topic before performing a lab will help you to devise a well thought out
A set of observationsB data setC conclusionD hypothesis
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2 What is a hypothesis?
A a conclusion to an experimentB a testable explanation to solve a problem
C a guess made by scientists as they do an experiment
D quantitative data collected during an experiment
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Variables
IndependentDependentControlledManipulatedResponding
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What is a variable?
• A factor or item in an experiment that can change
• Three main types of variables1. independent2. dependent3. controlled
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Independent Variable
• The one that is changed by the scientist
• There can be only one independent variable in an experiment
• Also called the Manipulated Variable
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Smithers thinks that a special juice will increase the productivity of workers. He creates two groups of 50 workers each and assigns each group the same task (in this case, they're supposed to staple a set of papers). Group A is given the special juice to drink while they work. Group B is not given the special juice. After an hour, Smithers counts how many stacks of papers each group has made. Group A made 1,587 stacks, Group B made 2,113 stacks.
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3 What is the independent variable?
A the special juice
B the number of stacksC the number of workersD Groups A & B
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Dependent Variable
• Changes in response to the change the scientist makes to the independent variable
~the new value of the dependent variable is caused by and depends on the value of the independent variable
• Also called the Responding Variable
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4 What is the dependent variable?
A the special juiceB the number of stacksC the number of workersD Groups A & B
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Controlled Variables
• Quantities that a scientist wants to remain constant
• Must be observed as carefully as the dependent variables
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5 What is the control group?
A Group AB Group BC Both Group A & BD Neither Group A or B
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More questions to consider:
What should Smithers conclude?
How could this experiment be improved?
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Homer notices that his shower is covered in a strange green slime. His friend Barney tells him that coconut juice will get rid of the green slime. Homer decides to check this out by spraying half of the shower with coconut juice. He sprays the other half of the shower with water. After 3 days of "treatment" there is no change in the appearance of the green slime on either side of the shower.
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6 What is the control?
A coconut juiceB waterC green slimeD 3 days
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7 What is the dependent variable?
A the coconut juiceB the waterC the slime growthD the shower curtain
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8 What should Homer conclude?
A It works!B It doesn't work:(C Water is more effective than coconut juiceD Water and coconut juice both get rid of slime
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Lisa is working on a science project. Her task is to answer the question: "Does Rogooti (which is a commercial hair product) affect the speed of hair growth". Her family is willing to volunteer for the experiment.
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At your table, describe how Lisa would perform this experiment. Identify the control group, and the independent and dependent variables in your description.
Control:
Independent:
Dependent:
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Materials:Include a complete list of what is used in the labThis includes chemicals needed
For example: water, hydrochloric acid, etc.This also includes all tools needed
For example: graduated cylinder, ruler etc.
Methods:This is a step by step procedure that tells the reader howto repeat the labShould be steps:
1. Gather all materials2. Measure 10 mL of water
This should be exactly what you did in the experiment!!!Write the procedure for drawing a stick person!
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Controlled Experiment‐Means that only one variable is changed (independent variable) ‐All other variables must remain constant‐Be sure to distinguish between independent, dependent, and controlled variables in procedure
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Data:Measurements collected using senses
Quantitative data:Involves measurementsExamples: length, width, mass
Qualitative data:Description of item being observedExamples: color, shape, state of matter
Make 2 qualitative and 2 quantitative observations about the flower
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Data Collection*Should be both qualitative and quantitative *Needs to be in table format
‐separate tables for types of data*Title needs to be included on data tables
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Results‐Graph showing the results of your data‐Quantitative data should be graphed‐Graphs should always follow the same guidelines
TitleAxes labeled with units (x & y chosen correctly)Graph spread out to take up entire graph paperLine = data points connectedBars = drawn all the wayKey included
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Line graph Used to show relationship between itemsseries of points, connected by a line.
xaxis: independent variable (bottom of graph) increase to the right
yaxis: dependent variable (left side of graph) increase as you move up
**If there are 2 or more lines on a graph, a key is needed to distinguish differences in the lines.
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Bar graph Used to show comparison of items (over time) Parallel bars
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Things to remember when making a graph:1. Title your graph2. Label each axis
xaxis = independent variable (manipulated)yaxis = dependent variable (responding)units needed
3. Spread graph out so that it takes up most of the graph paper4. Provide a key
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9 Which of the following statements describes the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?
A qualitiative and quantitative data can both use numbers and measurements
B quantitative data describes what the item looks like
C neither quantitative nor qualitative data can use numbers in their description
D quantitative data uses measurements while qualitative data does not
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10 Which of the following would be a quantitative observation for the picture shown?
A the leaf has seven peak on it
B the leaf has three main peaks on it
C the leaf is green with three peaks on it
D the leaf is smaller than most leaves from the tree
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11 Which course has the most students enrolled in it?
A chem
B physics
C econ
D poly sci
E psych
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12 At which time does the population reach 30,000 bacteria per cc?
A about 5 hours
B about 10 hours
C about 13 hours
D about 15 hours
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13 How many bacteria are present at 0 hours?
A 9
B 9000
C 15
D 15000
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Conclusion:*Should refer back to hypothesis
Was it right or wrong?*Use data to explain how you know if it is right or wrong*How can this lab be related to everyday life?
Why would scientists do this lab?*Experimental errors
No one is perfect!Explain what went wrong even if it didn't affect theoutcome of the experiment
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Next Steps:If hypothesis is wrong:
Revise hypothesis and retest
If hypothesis is right:RetestHave several other scientists retest
Eventually, it can become a theory:‐A unified explanation for an observation‐Hypothesis that has been confirmed over and over