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Index des documents de référence Table des matières

Produits chimiques à usage agricole .................................................................................................... 1

Engrais commerciaux, boues de pâtes et produits fertilisants .......................................................... 2

Équipement (nettoyage et assainissement) ......................................................................................... 3

Bonnes pratiques agricoles .................................................................................................................... 3

Renseignements généraux .................................................................................................................... 4

Survie et prolifération d’agents pathogènes dans les fruits et les légumes .................................... 5

Internalisation et infiltration de pathogènes dans les fruits et les légumes ..................................... 8

Fumier, compost and autres sous-produits ....................................................................................... 10

Installations sanitaires ........................................................................................................................... 12

Flambées de toxi-infections reliées aux fruits et aux légumes ........................................................ 13

Eau à usage agricole ............................................................................................................................ 16

Eau pour le convoyage et le nettoyage ............................................................................................... 20 Produits chimiques à usage agricole

Anonyme. Risks and benefits of pesticide use, International Pest Control, 2003, vol. 45, nº 4, 2003, p. 216-221.

Cooley, D. R., W. J. Manning. Estimating the risks and benefits of pesticides: Considering the agroecosystem and integrated pest management in the use of EBDC fungicides on apples, Environmental Pollution, vol. 88, p. 315-320.

United States Environmental Protection Agency. About pesticides: Types of pesticides, 2004. Consulté le 22 février 2005, à http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/ about/types.htm. Hotchkiss J. H. Pesticide residue controls to ensure food safety. Recension de critiques, dans Food Science and Nutrition, vol. 31, nº 3, 1992, p. 191-203. International Food Information Council. IFIC Review: Pesticides and Food Safety. Washington, 1995.

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International Food Information Council, Backgrounder: Agriculture and Food Production, mai 2004.

Lichtenberg E., D, Zilberman. Storage technology and the environment, dans Journal of Agriculture and Resource Economics, vol. 27, nº 1, p. 146-164.

Webber M.D., Singh. Contamination des sols agricoles, 2003, Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada. Consulté le 19 décembre 2006, à http://www.agr.gc.ca/nlwissnite/ index_f.cfm?s1=pub&s2=hs_ss&page=15.

Whitford, F., Mason, L., Winter, C. Purdue Pesticide Programs: Pesticides and Food Safety, Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service, 2000.

Engrais commerciaux, boues de pâtes et produits fertilisants

Anonyme. What we know about sludge, grate ash and lime dregs », dans Monitoring Solid Pulp Mill Wastes. Reach for Unbleached, 1997. Consulté le 19 décembre 2006, à http://www.rfu.org/MonSolid.htm#What%20We%20Know%20about %20Sludge.

B.C. Pulp and Paper Association. Pulp and paper mill residuals: A resource too valuable to waste, 2000.

Cabral., F, E. Vasconcelos, M. J. Gos, C. M. Cordovil. The value, use and environmental impacts of pulp-mill sludge additions to forests and agricultural lands in Europe, dans Environmental Reviews, vol. 6, 1998, p. 55-64.

Forcier F. Biosolides et bioaérosols. L’état de la situation, Ministère de l'Environnement du Québec, 2002.

INRE. Dix ans de recherche sur les effets environnementaux des affluents des fabriques de pâtes et papiers au Canada (1992-2002), 2004. Consulté le 19 décembre 2006, à http://www.nwri.ca/pulpandpaper/index-f.html.

OMRI. Calcium hydroxide: Crops. National Organic Standards Board Technical Advisory Panel Review, 2002.

Organix Waste Solutions Inc. Final Report – Pulp and paper mill residual chemistry and options for regulations, 2000. Rédigé par la British Columbia Pulp and Paper Association.

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Équipement (nettoyage et assainissement) Gibson, H., J. H. Taylor, K. E. Hall, J. T. Holah. Effectiveness of cleaning techniques used in the food industry in terms of removal of bacterial biofilms. Journal of Applied Microbiology, vol. 87, 1999, p. 41-48.

Ministère de l’Agriculture, de l'Alimentation et des Affaires rurales de l'Ontario, Foods of Plant Origin. Cleaning and Sanitation Guidebook, 2006. Consulté le 21 décembre 2006, à http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/food/inspection/fruitveg/sanitation_guide/cleaning_ sanitation_guidebook.htm

Bonnes pratiques agricoles

British Columbia Fruit Grower’s Association. British Columbia Good Agricultural Practices (BCGAP) – 2. Tree Fruits, 2004.

Castelnuovo, R., S. Ingham. Reducing food safety risks in apples. University of Winsconson Extension, 2001, publication G3761. Consulté le 19 décembre 2006, à http://www.uwex.edu/farmasyst/apple/apple_pub.pdf.

Reitmeier, C., B. Glatz, T. Boylston, L. Wilson, A. Mendonca, M. Gleason, H. Jensen, J. Becker. Apple Update: Safety, quality, and sustainability of small-farm production of apples and cider – An overview of research conducted at Iowa State University, Iowa State University, 2003. Consulté le 19 décembre 2006, à http://www.foodsafety.iastate. edu/apple/files/progress/appleupdate.pdf.

Les Producteurs de poulet du Canada. Votre propre poulet, 2003.

Lettuce/Leafy Greens Industry (États-Unis).Commodity specific food safety guidelines for the lettuce and leafy greens supply chain (1re éd.), 2006. Consulté le 24 octobre 2006, à http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~acrobat/lettsup.pdf.

North American Tomato Trade Work Group. Commodity specific food safety guidelines for the fresh tomato supply chain (1re édition), 2006. Consulté le 24 octobre 2006, à http://www.cfsan.fda.go/~dms/tomatsup.html.

Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences. Good management practices for safe apple growing, packing and cider production: Orchard Operations », dans Pennsylvania Tree Fruit Production Guide (2004-2005) - Part VIII - Maintaining the safety of Pennsylvania apples and apple products, Penn State University, 2004.

Produce Industry Food Safety Initiative (United States). Commodity Specific Food Safety Guidelines for the Melon Supply Chain (1re édition), 2005. Consulté le 24 octobre 2006, à http://www.uffva.org/PDF/MelonCommoditySpecific.pdf.

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Rangarajan, A., E.A. Bihn, R. B.,Gravani, D. L. Scott, M. P. Pritts. Cornell Good Agricultural Practices Program: Food safety begins on the farm - A grower’s guide, 2000. Consulté le 19 décembre 2006, à http://www.sfc.ucdavis.edu/pubs/articles/ foodsafetybeginsonthefarm.pdf.

Rushing, J.W., F.J. Angulo et L. Beuchat. « Implementation of a HACCP program in acommercial fresh-market tomato packinghouse: A model for the industry », Dairy, Food, and Environmental Sanitation, vol. 16 (1996), p. 549-553.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Report of 1997 inspections of fresh, unpasteurized apple cider manufacturers, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 1999. Consulté le 22 février 2005, à http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/ciderrp3.html. U.S. Food and Drug Administration/ Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN). The guide at a glance: The guide to minimize microbial food safety hazards for fresh fruits and vegetables in brief, 1999. Consulté le 22 février 2005, à http://vm. cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/prodglan.html.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration/ U.S Department of Agriculture/Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN). Guidance for industry. Guide to minimize microbial food safety hazards for fresh fruits and vegetable, 1998. Consulté le 22 février 2005, à http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/prodguid.html.

Renseignements généraux

Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada. Entreposage commercial des fruits et légumes, 2002. Consulté le 19 septembre 2005, à http://www.agr.gc.ca/cal/epub/1532f/1532_cover_f.html.

Arthur, L., S. Jones, M. Fabri et J. Odumeru. « Microbial survey of selected Ontario-grown fresh fruits and vegetables », Journal of Food Protection, vol. 70, n 12 (2007), p. 2864-2867.

Chirife, J., M. Del Pilar Buera. Water Activity, Glass Transition and Microbial Stability in Concentrated/Semimoist Food Systems, Journal of Food Science, vol. 59, nº 5, 1994, p. 921-927.

CODEX Alimentarious Commission. Code of Hygienic Practice for fresh fruits and vegetables, no de publication : CAC/RCP 53-2003 (2003).

Dawson, D. Foodborne protozoan parasites. Série « Europe Report », juin 2003. Consulté le 31 mars 2005, à : http://northamerica.ilsi.org/file/ RPFoodbornePara.pdf. Brock, T.D., M. T. Madigan, J. M. Martinko, J. M., J. Parker. Biology of Microorganisms, 7e ed., New Jersey, Prentice Hall,1994, p. 339-341.

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Cole-Parmer’s FoodTechSource. Water Activity. 2005. Consulté le 14 avril 2005, à http://www.foodtechsource.com/rcenter/tech_data/td_water.htm.

De Roever. Microbiological safety evaluations and recommendations on fresh produce, dans Food Control, vol.10, 1999, p.117-143.

Food Safety Network. Factsheet: What is acrylamide?, 2005. Consulté le 19 décembre 2006, à http://www.foodsafetynetwork.ca/articles/533/acrylamide_factsheet.pdf.

Organisation des nations unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture (FAO)/organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS). Microbiological hazards in fresh fruits and vegetables. Meeting Report. Microbiological Risk Assessment Series, 2008. [consulté le 25 juillet 2009]. Accès : www.fao.org/ag/agn/agns/files/FFV_2007_Final.pdf

Odumeru, J. A., S. J. Mitchell, D. M. Alves, J. A . Lynch, A. J. , Yee, S. L Wang, S.

Warriner, K., F. Ibrahim, M. Dickinson, C. Wright et W.M. Waites. « Seed decontamination as an intervention step for eliminating Escherichia coli on salad vegetables », Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 85 (2005), p. 2307-2313.

Styliadis, J. M. Farber, J.M. Assessment of the microbiological quality of ready-to-use vegetables for health-care food services, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 60, nº 8, 1997, p. 954-960.

Zohar-Picciano, H. Handling consumer complaints regarding green or off-taste potatoes, Agence canadienne d’inspection des aliments, Direction des produits végétaux, Aliments d’origine végétale, 2002.

Survie et prolifération d’agents pathogènes dans les fruits et les légumes

Allwood, P.B., Y. S. Malik, S. Maherchandani, K. Vought, L. Johnson, C. Braymen, C. W. Hedberg, S. M. Goyal, S.M. Occurrence of Escherichia coli, noroviruses, and F-specific coliphages in fresh market-ready produce, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 67, nº 11, 2004, p. 2387–2390.

Asplund, K., E. Nurmi. The growth of salmonellae in tomatoes, dans International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol;13, 1991, p. 177-182.

Bartz, J. A. Washing fresh fruits and vegetables: Lessons from treatment of tomatoes and potatoes with water, dans Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, vol.19, nº12, 1999, p. 853-864.

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Beuchat, L.R., R. E. Brackett. Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated into raw tomatoes and processed tomato products, dans Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 57, nº 5, 1991, p. 1367-1371.

Buck, J. W., R. Walcott, L. R. Beuchat. Recent trends in microbiological safety of fruits and vegetables, dans Plant Health Progress, 2003. Consulté le 19 décembre 2006, à http:// www.apsnet.org/online/feature/safety/Buck.pdf.

Burnett, S.L., J. Chen, L. R. Beuchat. Attachment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to the surfaces and internal structures of apples as detected by confocal scanning laser microscopy, dans Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 66, nº 11, 2000, p. 4679-4687.

Cantwell, M. et X. NIE. Use of heat treatments to control postharvest pathogens on tomatoes and melons, no de publication : DANR 3356 (1996).

Chancellor, D. D., S. Tyagi, M. C. Bazaco, S. Bacvinskas, M. B. Chancellor, V. M. Dato, F. De Miguel. Green onions: Potential mechanism for hepatitis A contamination, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 69, nº 6, 2006, p. 1468-1472.

Del Rosario, B. A., L. R. Beuchat. Survival and growth of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cantaloupe and watermelon, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 58, nº 1, 1995, p.105-107.

Delaquis, P., S. Stewart, S. Cazaux, P. Toivonen. Survival and growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in ready-to-eat iceberg lettuce washed in warm chlorinated water, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 65, nº 3, 2002, p. 459- 464.

Dingman, D. W. Growth of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in bruised apple (Malus domestica) tissue as influenced by cultivar, date of harvest and source, dans Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 66, nº 3, 2000, p. 1077-1083. Espinoza-Medina, I. E., F. J. Rodrigues-Leyva, I. Vargas-Arispuro, M. A. Islas-Osuna, E. Acedo-Felix, M. A. Martinez-Tellez. PCR identification of Salmonella: Potential contamination sources from production and postharvest handling of cantaloupes, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 69, nº 6, 2006, p. 1422-1425. Fernandez Escartin, E., A. Castillo Ayala, J. S. Lozano. Survival and growth of Salmonella and Shigella on fresh fruit, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 52, nº 7, 1989, p. 471-472.

Garcia-Villanova Ruiz, B., R. Galvez Vargas, R. Garcia-Villanova. Contamination on fresh vegetables during cultivation and marketing, dans International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol. 4, 1987, p. 285-291.

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Guo, X., J. Chen, R. E. Brackett, L. R. Beuchat. Survival of Salmonellae on and in tomato plants from the time of inoculation at flowering and early stages of fruit development through fruit ripening, dans Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 67, nº 10, 2001, p. 4760-4764.

Hsu, W.-Y., A. Simonne, P. Jitareerat. Fates of seeded Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on selected fresh culinary herbs during refrigerated storage, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 69, nº 8, 2006, p. 1997-2001.

Janisiewicz, W. J., W. S. Conway, M. W. Brown, G. M. Sapers, P. Fratamico, R. L. Buchanan. Fate of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 on fresh-cut apple tissue and its potential for transmission by fruit flies, dans Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 65, nº 1, 1999, p. 1-5.

Kenney, S. J., S. L. Burnett, L. R. Beuchat. Location of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 on and in apples as affected by bruising, washing and rubbing, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 64, nº 9, 2001, p. 1328-1333.

Kniel, K. E., D. S. Lindsay, S. S. Sumner, C. R. Hackney, M. D. Pierson, J. P. Dubey. Examination of attachment and survival of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts on raspberries and blueberries, dans Journal of Parasitolology, vol. 88, nº 4, 2002, p. 790-793.

Knudsen, D. M., S. A. Yamamoto, L. J. Harris. Survival of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli 0157:H7 on fresh and frozen strawberries, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 64, nº 10, 2001, p. 1483-1488.

Liao, C.-H., G. M. Sapers. Influence of soft rot bacteria on growth of Listeria monocytogenes on potato tuber slices, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 62, nº 4, 1999, p. 343-348.

Natvig, E. E., S. C. Ingham, B. Ingham, L. Cooperband, T. R. Roper. Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and Escherichia coli contamination of root and leaf vegetables grown in soils with incorporated bovine manure, dans Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 68, nº 6, 2002, p. 2737-2744. Park, C. M., L. R. Beuchat. Evaluation of sanitizers for killing Escherichia coli 0157:H7, Salmonella, and naturally occurring microorganisms on cantaloupes, honeydew melons and asparagus, dans Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, vol. 19, nº 12, 1999, p.842-847.

Richards, G. M., L. R. Beuchat. Attachment of Salmonella poona to cantaloupe rind and stem scar tissues as affected by temperature of fruit and inoculum, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 67, nº 7, 2004, p. 1359-1364.

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Richert, K. J., J. A. Albrecht, L. B. Bullerman, S. S. Sumner. Survival and growth of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 on broccoli, cucumber, and green pepper, dans Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, vol. 20, nº 1, 2000, p. 24-28.

Riordan, D.C.R., G. M. Sapers, T. R. Hankinsson, M. Magee, A. M. Mattrazzo, B. A. Annous. A study of U.S. orchards to indentify potential sources of Escherichia coli 0157:H7, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 64, nº 9, 2001, p. 1320-1327. Satchell, F. B., P. Stephenson, W. H. Andrews, L. Estela, G. Allen. The survival of Shigella sonnei in shredded cabbage, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 53, 1990, p. 558-562.

Ukuku, D. O., W. F. Fett. Effects of cell surface charge and hydrophobicity on attachment of 16 Salmonella serovars to cantaloupe rind and decontamination with sanitizers, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 69, nº 8, 2006, p. 1835-1843.

Wei, C. I., T. S. Huang, J. M. Kim, W. F. Lin, M. L. Tamplin, J. A. Bartz. Growth and survival of Salmonella Montevideo on tomatoes and disinfection with chlorinated water, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 58, nº 8, 1995, p. 829-836. Wells, J. M., J. E. Butterfield. Salmonella contamination associated with bacterial soft rot of fresh fruits and vegetables in the marketplace, dans Plant Disease, vol. 81, 1997, 867-872.

Yu, K., M. C. Newman, D. D. Archbold, T. Hamilton-Kemp. Survival of Eschericia coli 0157:H7 on strawberry fruit and reduction of the pathogen population by chemical agents, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 64, nº 9, 2001, p. 1334-1340.

Zhuang, R. Y., L. R. Beuchat, F. J. Angulo. Fate of Salmonella Montevideo on and in raw tomatoes as affected by temperature and treatment with chlorine, dans Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 61, nº 6, 1995, p. 2127-2131.

Internalisation et infiltration de pathogènes dans les fruits et les légumes

Bartz, J. A., R. K. Showalter. Infiltration of tomatoes by aqueous bacterial suspensions, dans Phytopathology, vol. 71, nº 5, 1981, p. 515-518.

Bartz, J. A. Washing fresh fruits and vegetables: Lessons from treatment of tomatoes and potatoes with water, dans Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, vol. 19, nº 12, 1999, p. 853-864.

Buchanan, R. L., S. G. Edelson, R. L. Miller, G. M. Sapers. Contamination of intact apples after immersion in an Aqueous environment containing Escherichia coli O157:H7, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 62, nº 5, 1999, p. 444-450.

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Dingman, D. W. Growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in bruised apple (Malus domestica) tissue as influenced by cultivar, date of harvest and source, dans Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 66, nº 3, 2000, p. 1077-1083.

Farber, J. M., S. L. Wang, Y. Cai, S. Zhang. Changes in population of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on packaged fresh-cut vegetables, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 61, nº 2, 1998, 192-195.

Ibarra-Sanchez, L. S., S. Alvarado-Casillas, M. O. Rodriguez-Gracia, N. E. Martinez- Gonzales, A. Castillo. Internalization of bacterial pathogens in tomatoes and their control by selected chemicals, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol 67, nº 7, 2004, p. 1352- 1358.

Suslow, T.N.D. Key factors regarding the practice of heating dump tank and flume water for postharvest quality and safety of fresh market tomatoes are summarized. Key points of control and management of microbial food safety for growers, packers, and handlers of fresh market tomatoes. University of California Davis Vegetable Research Center. [consulté le 23 juillet 2009]. Accès : www.postharvest.ucdavis.edu/datastorefiles/234-30.pdf

Janes, M. E., K. S. Kim, M. G. Johnson. Transmission electron microscopy study of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple tissue, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 68, nº 2, 2005, p. 216-224.

Janisiewicz, W. J., W. S. Conway, M. W. Brown, G. M. Sapers, P. Fratamico, R. L. Buchanan. Fate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on fresh-cut apple tissue and its potential for transmission by fruit flies, dans Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 65, nº 1, 1999, p. 1-5.

Kasmire, R. F. Hot water treatments for tomatoes, dans Fruit and Vegetable Perishables and Handling, vol. 29, 1971, p. 3-4.

Riordan, D. C. R., G. M. Sapers, T. R. Hankinsson, M. Magee, A. M. Mattrazzo, B. A. Annous. A study of U.S. orchards to indentify potential sources of Escherichia coli 0157:H7, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 64, nº 9, 2001, p. 1320-1327.

Seeman, B. K., S. S. Sumner, R. Marini, K. E. Kniel. Internalization of Escherichia coli in apples under natural conditions, dans Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, vol. 22, nº 9, 2002, p. 667-673.


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Fumier, compost and autres sous-produits Conseil canadien du compostage. Setting the standard: a summary of composting standards in Canada. Consulté le 19 décembre 2006, à http://www.compost.org/standard.html.

Ministère de la Justice du Canada, Loi sur les engrais, L. R. 1985, ch. F-10. Consulté le 19 décembre 2006, à http://laws.justice.gc.ca/fr/showtdm/cs/F-10.

Ministère de la Justice du Canada, Règlement sur les engrais, C.R.C., ch. 666. Consulté le 19 décembre 2006, à : http://laws.justice.gc.ca/fr/showtdm/cr/C.R.C.-ch.666.

Guan, T. Y., R. A. Holley. Pathogen survival in swine manure environments and transmission of human enteric illness, dans Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 32, 2003, 383-392.


Himathongkham, S., H. Riemann. Destruction of Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in chicken manure by drying and/or gassing with ammonia, dans FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 171, nº 2, 1999, p. 179-182.

Himathongkham, S., S. Bahari, H. Riemann, D. Cliver. Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium in cow manure and cow manure slurry, dans FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 178, 1999, p. 251-257.

Himathongkham, S., S. Nuanualsuwan, H. Riemann. Survival of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium in chicken manure at different levels of water activity, dans FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 172, 1999, p. 159-163.

Islam, M., J. Morgan, M. Doyle, X. Jiang. Fate of Escherichia coli in manure compostamended soil and on carrots and onions grown in an environmentally controlled growth chamber, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 67, nº 3, 2004c, p. 574-578.

Islam, M., J. Morgan, M. Doyle, S. C. Phatak, P. Millner, X. Jiang X. Persistance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium on lettuce and parsley and in soils on which they were grown in fields treated with contaminated manure composts or irrigation water, dans Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, vol 1, nº 1, 2004a, p 27-35.

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Islam, M., J. Morgan, M. Doyle, S. C. Phatak, P. Millner, X. Jiang X. Fate of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium on carrots and radishes grown in fields treated with contaminated manure composts or irrigation water, dans Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 70, nº 4, 2004b, p. 2497-2502.

Jiang, X, J. Morgan, M. Doyle. Thermal inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cow manure compost, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 66, nº 10, 2003, p. 1771-1777. Kudva, I.T., K. Blanch, C. J. Hovde. Analysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ovine or bovine manure and manure slurry, dans Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 64, nº 9, 1998, p. 3166-31374.

Lung, A. J., C. M. Lin, J. M. Kim, M. R. Marshall, R. Nordstedt, N.P. Thompson, C. I. Wei. Destruction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enteriditis in cow manure composting, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 64, nº 9, 2001, p. 1309-1314.

Mamaril, C., V. Gonzales, A. Olegario, W. Obcema. Integrated plant nutrient management systems in the Philippines: Review and analysis, Fertilizer Advisory,

Development and Information Network for Asia and the Pacific FADINAP], 1999. Consulté le 19 décembre 2006, à http://www.fadinap.org/ipns/philreview/.

Mubiru, D. N., M. S. Coyne, J. H. Grove. Mortality of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in two soils with different physical and chemical properties, dans Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 29, 2000, p. 1821-1825.

Natvig, E. E., S. C. Ingham, B. Ingahm, L. R. Cooperband, T. R. Roper. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli contamination of root and leaf vegetables grown in soils with incorporated bovine manure, dans Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 68, nº 6, 2002, p. 2737-2744. Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management [SERM]. Surface water quality objectives (réimpression), Regina, SERM MB1101997.

Solomon, E. B., S. Yaron, K. R. Matthews. Transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from contaminated manure and irrigation water to lettuce plant tissue and its subsequent internalization, dans Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 68, nº 1, 2002, p.397-400.

Wang, G., T. Zhao, M. P. Doyle. Fate of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in bovine feces, dans Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 62, nº 7, 1996, p. 2567-2570.

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Warriner, K, F. Ibrahim, M. Dickinson, C. Wright, W. M. Waites. Interaction of Escherichia coli with growing salad spinach plants, dans Journal of Food Protection, vol. 66, nº 10, 2003b, p. 1790-1797. Warrington, P. D. Water Quality: Water Quality Criteria for Microbiological Indicators - Overview Report, Gouvernement de la Colombie-Britannique, Environmental Protection Division, 2001. Consulté le 19 décembre 2006, à : http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wat/wq/BCguidelines/microbiology/microbiology.html.

Installations sanitaires

Courtenay, M., L. Ramirez, B. Cox, I. Han, X. Jiang, P. Dawson. Effects of various hand hygiene regimes on removal and/or destruction of Escherichia coli on hands, dans Food Science Technology, vol. 5, 2005, p. 77-84. de Aceituno, Anna Fabiszewski; Bartz, Faith E.; Hodge, Domonique Watson; Shumaker, David J.; Grubb, James E.; Arbogast, James W.; Dávila-Aviña, Jorgé; Venegas, Fabiola; Heredia, Norma; García, Santos; Leon, Juan S. 2015. Ability of hand hygiene interventions using alcohol-based hand sanitizers and soap to reduce microbial load on farmworker hands soiled during harvest.dans J. Food Prot. 78(11): 2024-2032. http://www.foodprotect.org/issues/packets/2016Packet/attachments/III_010_support_c.pdf

Kramer, A., P. Rudolph, G. Kampf, D. Pittet. Limited efficacy of alcohol-based hand gels,dans The Lancet, vol. 359, 27 avril 2002, p. 1489-1490.

Michaels, B., V. Gangar, C.-M. Lin, M. Doyle. Use limitations of alcoholic instant hand sanitizer as part of a food service hand hygiene program, dans Food Service Technology, vol. 3, nº 2, 2003, p. 71-80.

Montville, R., Y. H. Chen, D. W. Schaffner. Risk assessment of hand washing efficacy using literature and experimental data, dans International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol. 73, nºs 2-3, 2002, p. 305–313.

Picheansathian, W. A systematic review on the effectiveness of alcohol-based solutions for hand hygiene, dans International Journal of Nursing Practice, vol. 10, nº 3, 2004, p. 3-9.

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