scientific research a stimulating voyagesuper1/researchmethods/attia/lec1... · scientific research...
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Scientific Research
A Stimulating Voyage
Marwa Ahmed and Khaled Alashmouny
Webinar I – ES Series on Scientific Research
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ES Series on Scientific Research
Who are Egypt Scholars?
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Awareness Social Responsibility Professional Development
Interactive Webinars
Studying abroad and Scholarships
Mentorship
An Ecosystem where every mind makes a difference
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ES Series on Scientific Research
Why are you here?
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ES Series on Scientific Research
What I can promise you
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REFLECT
DIFFERENT MOTIVATED
HOPE DETERMINED
CHANGE
FUN
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ES Series on Scientific Research
Are you ready for the ride?
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ES Series on Scientific Research
A Stimulating Voyage
Station 1: the essence
Station 2: past – present - future
Station 3: 10 things you should know
Station 4: 10 things you should do
Station 5: the journey shop
The Program
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The Essence Why and What
Station 1:
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ES Series on Scientific Research
As a researcher you seek answers to questions of great interest to you.
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ES Series on Scientific Research 9
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The research process deals with the ways and strategies used by researchers to understand the
world around us
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ES Series on Scientific Research
What is Scientific Research?
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phenomenon questions observation experiments Probable-Absolute
Claim + Evidence + Reasoning Explanation
May lead to rejection of an old idea or belief
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ES Series on Scientific Research
Questions (A)
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1. Do you see any limitations in this method? 2. Is it the only method to do research?
Answer in the course group
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ES Series on Scientific Research
Yes, it is very important
We are curious
We strive for improvements
We believe we are on Earth to build and change
We like innovation and opening new directions
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ES Series on Scientific Research 13
Reflect - Renew - Revolve
• It leads to a renewed and sometimes transformed
understanding of our own nature and our place and
role in the cosmos.
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ES Series on Scientific Research 14
Construct – Collaborate - Combine
• It units people from all over the world together for the best of humanity
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ES Series on Scientific Research
Yes, it is effective
Quality of life
Technology
Commerce and economy
Medicine and healthcare
Arts
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ES Series on Scientific Research 16
Quality of life
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ES Series on Scientific Research 17
Media – the world is a small village
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ES Series on Scientific Research
Yes, it is multidisciplinary
Medicine and Engineering
Engineering and Business
Science and Medicine
Psychology and Politics
Arts and Biomimetic
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ES Series on Scientific Research
And what else?
Building strong nations: intellectual and economical
Sustainability and Independence
Building and sustaining the Earth
Guiding people and enlighten them
Envisioning the future
Innovating and working in advanced technology
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ES Series on Scientific Research
Questions (B)
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1. What should you as an individual care about?
2. What should we care about as a society? 3. What is your role?
Answer in the course group
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Station 1 reached … moving to station 2
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Present
Station 2:
Past
Future
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ES Series on Scientific Research
• The development of the scientific method involves some of the most enlightened cultures in history
A fascinating history
• It is the one unique thing that shows you how humans add to each others
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ES Series on Scientific Research
Just as life arose from the waters, the seeds of civilization were first sown along the banks of the Nile
6000 B.C. 332 B.C.
Ancient Egypt
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ES Series on Scientific Research
• The mathematical skill of the Egyptians was focused upon solving real world problems
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ES Series on Scientific Research
• The annual flooding of the Nile was was the driving force behind the development of Egyptian astronomy
Stellar clock
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ES Series on Scientific Research
• Due to the hot and dry climate in Egypt, ancient papyri have survived intact, allowing historians to study the sophisticated techniques
employed by Ancient Egyptian physician
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ES Series on Scientific Research
Whilst Babylonian, Indian and Egyptian scholars developed some empirical ideas, the Greeks were the first to develop what we recognize as the
scientific method.
776 B.C. 146 B.C.
Ancient Greece
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ES Series on Scientific Research
Measurement and observation, the foundations upon which science is built, were Aristotle's contribution
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ES Series on Scientific Research
‘Plato is dear to me, but dearer still is truth’
Plato Aristotle
Testing?
Philosophy Brain
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ES Series on Scientific Research
The Muslims Influence on the History of the Scientific Method
600 AD 1600 AD
Experimental
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ES Series on Scientific Research
Ibn al-Haytham the first “ true scientist “
الباحث عن الحقيقة ليس هو من يدرس كتابات القدماء، على حالتها ويضع ثقته فيها، بل هو من يعلق إيمانه بهم ويتساءل ما الذي جناه إن “
وبالتالي فإن من الواجب على . هو الذي يبحث عن الحجة، وال يعتمد على أقوال إنسان طبيعته يمألها كل أنواع النقص والقصور. منهم
من يحقق في كتابات العلماء، إذا كان البحث عن الحقيقة هدفه، هو أن يستنكر جميع ما يقرأه، ويستخدم عقله حتى النخاع لبحث تلك
”تساهلوعليه أن يتشكك في نتائج دراسته أيضا، حتى يتجنب الوقوع في أي تحيز أو . األفكار من كل جانب
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ES Series on Scientific Research
Al-Biruni’s methods resembled the modern scientific method, particularly in his emphasis on repeated experimentation. He understood that
measuring instruments and human observers were prone to error and bias, so proposed that experiments needed replications
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ES Series on Scientific Research
Ibn Sina (Avicenna), one of the titans in the history of science
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ES Series on Scientific Research
The renaissance (12th century) was another turning point for the scientific method, where European scholars took the knowledge of the Greeks and
the Muslims, and added to it
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ES Series on Scientific Research
• Francis Bacon (1561 - 1626), was one of the greatest movers behind the development of the scientific method.
"If a man will begin with certainties, he shall end in doubts; but if he will be content to begin with doubts, he shall end in certainties."
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ES Series on Scientific Research
Galileo (1564 - 1642) is generally remembered for his famous telescope and consequent astronomical observations , but he also contributed greatly to
the scientific method.
“All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them”
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ES Series on Scientific Research
• This period, covering the 16th and 17th century and threw out some more elements required for the scientific method.
Newton (1642 - 1727) developed his four rules of reasoning. His inductive approach formed the basis for much of natural philosophy through the
18th and early 19th centuries
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ES Series on Scientific Research
Scientific research has come a long way in the last 200 years!
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ES Series on Scientific Research
Publication and peer review The rise of the Internet has enabled scientific results to be publicized more
rapidly than ever before possible
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ES Series on Scientific Research
As our scientific knowledge has advanced, research has become more specialized and more cross-disciplinary collaboration became
necessary.
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ES Series on Scientific Research
Scientific and governmental organizations have set up guidelines and regulations to minimize potentially negative impacts and ensure that
research is carried out ethically.
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Let’s summarize
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ES Series on Scientific Research 44
The Intimate Relation between Science &
Civilization
Egypt is a living testimony: the power of knowledge and the progress of society. Its innovations spanned from engineering to cosmetics products
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ES Series on Scientific Research 45
The Library of Alexandria was a center of knowledge that gathered scholars from all over the world.
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ES Series on Scientific Research 46
Cairo was one of the most prominent cultural centers of the Islamic civilization.
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ES Series on Scientific Research 47
In the years to follow, Cairo shone as the center for studies and cultural activities in literature, arts, science, and media..
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The future is even greener
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Station 2 reached … moving to station 3
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10 Things you should KNOW To Keep You Moving Forward
Station 3:
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1. You USE it without knowing
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ES Series on Scientific Research 52
Your research skills started long time
ago
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2. It is a Widely-used Skill
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ES Series on Scientific Research 54
Widely used in almost all fields
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3. It is a skill, and thus can be LEARNED
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ES Series on Scientific Research 56
• One doesn’t need to be Super genius to be a
good researcher.
• Research needs skills that can be learned.
It is a skill that can be learned
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4. The competition is HIGH. So START NOW
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ES Series on Scientific Research 58
Start as early as possible!
It’s not too early or too late to get hands on a research project that inspires you.
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5. You are a FUTURISTIC search engine that seeks WISDOM
59
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ES Series on Scientific Research 60
You are a futuristic search engine!
http://lurnq.com
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6. Success is all about being Innovative – Collaborative –
Ethical So, be one
61
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ES Series on Scientific Research 62
Reseach
Innovation links R & E
Entrepreneurship
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7. We are still on the MAP. We just need guidance and UNITY
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ES Series on Scientific Research 64
2011 map
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ES Series on Scientific Research 65
2012 map
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ES Series on Scientific Research
Questions (C)
66
1. Write a note showing the change in Egypt from 2011 to 2012
Answer in the course group
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8. We have some good Resources and Capabilities
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ES Series on Scientific Research 68
Collaboration
Egypt plays a critical linking role in research in the Middle East and North
Africa region
“Science and innovation in Egypt” Michael Bond, Heba Maram, Asmaa Soliman and Riham Khattab. Royal Scoiety
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ES Series on Scientific Research 69
Information and communication technology
(ICT)
Egypt is one of the fastest growing IT economies in the world Because of growing number of tech-savvy graduates
“Science and innovation in Egypt” Michael Bond, Heba Maram, Asmaa Soliman and Riham Khattab. Royal Scoiety
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ES Series on Scientific Research 70
Mathematics
• Egypt exceeds the world average in citation impact for mathematics papers.
“Science and innovation in Egypt” Michael Bond, Heba Maram, Asmaa Soliman and Riham Khattab. Royal Scoiety
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ES Series on Scientific Research 71
Natural resources
“Science and innovation in Egypt” Michael Bond, Heba Maram, Asmaa Soliman and Riham Khattab. Royal Scoiety
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9. We have an impressive Young population
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ES Series on Scientific Research 73
Egypt’s key strengths in research and innovation
Human capital
About 55% of the population under 25
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ES Series on Scientific Research 74
All of this signs hold the promise of bright future
That we should believe in.
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ES Series on Scientific Research 75
Restoring this great legacy will take time and commitment, and
substantial change at many levels
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10. Every mind makes a difference
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ES Series on Scientific Research 77
كل عقل يفرقألن ده مهم بالنسبة لنا ألن مشاركتك و عملك و علمك بغض الشعار
النظر عن سنك أو جنسك أو لونك أو ديانتك أو كونك من ذوي إقامتكاالحتياجات الخاصة أو حالتك االجتماعية أو المادية أو مكان
ده مهم و يفرق جدا في بناء الوطن اللي بنحلم يكون مركز كل كلهاصناعي و علمي و حضاري يخدم شعبه و شعوب العالم
؟متفقين
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ES Series on Scientific Research 78
First discover your passion and build a
plan to follow it
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ES Series on Scientific Research
Questions (D)
79
1. After you knew the 10 points, what is your role in the cycle of generating a genuine research environment?
Answer in the course group
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Station 3 reached … moving to station 4
80
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10 Things you should DO Rules of Excellence
Station 4:
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ES Series on Scientific Research
نصيحة غالية
ال يوجد وقت متأخر الختيار أو
تغيير التخصص طالما ذلك
. يسعدك
ضع دائما أهدافا محددة و طموحات عالية و ابحث دائما عن .المسار الذي يحقق سعادتك و يشبع رغباتك في اإلبداع و االبتكار
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ES Series on Scientific Research
أفضل من يعلمك و يوجهك هو
! أنت
وسائل التواصل و البحث متوفرة لديك أكثر بكثير ممن سبقوك
القاعدة األولى
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ES Series on Scientific Research
!اسأل دائما
خصوصا أساتذتك و المتخصصين في المجال الذي تحب
القاعدة الثانية
84
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ES Series on Scientific Research
اهتم بفهم النظريات
من أين أتت؟ و ما هي جذور المسألة؟
القاعدة الثالثة
85
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ES Series on Scientific Research
اهتم بالتطبيق العملي
العمل الجماعي و ما يترتب عليه من مهارات+ أكثر شئ سيميزك
القاعدة الرابعة
86
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ES Series on Scientific Research
!تطوع
مؤسسات تنموية –أنشطة طالبية : ساعات أسبوعيا 3و لو بـ
القاعدة الخامسة
التطوع_عن_حقائق#
87
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ES Series on Scientific Research
اصنع عالقات متينة
خصوصا مع أساتذتك و زمالئك في العمل
القاعدة السادسة
88
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ES Series on Scientific Research
كن متكامل الشخصية
كن بأخالقك في كل المواقف و انظر إلى المجتمع قبل التخصيص
القاعدة السابعة
89
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ES Series on Scientific Research
التفوق ليس صما
!لكن احذر من المكاسب السريعة... التفوق يجب أن يدفعك لألمام
القاعدة الثامنة
90
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ES Series on Scientific Research
اهتم بالجزء العملي و األنشطة
لكن بحساب
!تكامل... في كل ما تفعل هدفك أن تتميز و تتفوق
القاعدة التاسعة
91
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ES Series on Scientific Research
اعزم و توكل و انظر للصورة
الكبرى لألشياء
!غير مجتمعك! بر والديك! افهم دافعك الرئيسي و ضعه أمامك
القاعدة العاشرة و األم
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ES Series on Scientific Research 93
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ES Series on Scientific Research
Questions (E)
94
1. Which rule you apply most? Which one you apply least?
2. Where do you think you need help?
Answer in the course group
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Station 4 reached … moving to station 5
95
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The journey shop Resources
Station 5:
Knowledge
Wisdom
Intelligence
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ES Series on Scientific Research 97
Benefit from online learning platforms
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ES Series on Scientific Research 98
Take Steps
• Start to take steps toward excellence
steps.egyptscholars.org
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ES Series on Scientific Research
Some Free Publication Resources
• The public library of science: http://www.plos.org/
where all articles are free
• The Proceeding of National Academy of Sciences www.pnas.org/content/by/year where articles more than six months old are available for free
• The Directory of Open Access Journals http://www.doaj.org/ where you can find free journals on many different topics .
99
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Mission Accomplished!
100
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Fundamentals of Scientific Research
What is next?
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102
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Do your homework!
Remember to
Question groups A to E Send an email to: [email protected] Title: Homework for ESSRS-1
103
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Support the cause of Egypt Scholars
Remember to
Share Tell
Encourage Volunteer
Donate
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ES Series on Scientific Research
ألن كل عقل يفرق
105
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ES Series on Scientific Research
Thank you!
106
Open for questions