Scientific Revolution Scientific Revolution

EQ: Why do new EQ: Why do new ideas often ideas often spark change? spark change?

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Academic Vocabulary Academic Vocabulary

Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution theorytheory geocentric theorygeocentric theory rationalismrationalism scientific methodscientific method hypothesis hypothesis

Scientific Revolution Scientific Revolution

A series of events that led to modern A series of events that led to modern science is called the Scientific science is called the Scientific Revolution.Revolution.

Early Scientists Early Scientists

Ancient Greeks had science based on Ancient Greeks had science based on reason (“common sense”); however, reason (“common sense”); however, they did not experiment. they did not experiment. As they study the world they developed As they study the world they developed

theoriestheories, ideas on how something , ideas on how something happens based on observations.happens based on observations.

PtolemyPtolemy (astronomer) created the (astronomer) created the geocentric theory = sun and planets geocentric theory = sun and planets revolved around the Earth. revolved around the Earth.

Activity Activity Read Read The Scientific Revolution The Scientific Revolution (booklet)(booklet)

1.1. What does Ptolemy What does Ptolemy geo-centricgeo-centric theory theory states? states?

2.2. What were people in the Middle Ages most What were people in the Middle Ages most interested in? interested in?

3.3. How did the Arabs and Jews preserve the How did the Arabs and Jews preserve the knowledge of the Romans and Greeks? knowledge of the Romans and Greeks?

4.4. In the 1100s why did European thinkers In the 1100s why did European thinkers become interested in science again? become interested in science again?

5.5. Describe scientific knowledge during the Describe scientific knowledge during the Middle Ages in a 5-6 sentence paragraph. Middle Ages in a 5-6 sentence paragraph.

What brings about the What brings about the Scientific Revolution? Scientific Revolution?

Growth of Growth of UniversitiesUniversities

Italian RenaissanceItalian Renaissance Renewed emphasis Renewed emphasis

on mathematicson mathematics Better scientific Better scientific

instrumentsinstruments Interest in the Interest in the

Islamic World Islamic World

A Revolution in Astronomy A Revolution in Astronomy

European interest in astronomy led European interest in astronomy led to new discoveries and ideas about to new discoveries and ideas about Earth and its place in the universe. Earth and its place in the universe.

Copernicus (1473-1543)Copernicus (1473-1543)

Polish (Poland) Polish (Poland) mathematician mathematician

On the Revolutions of On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheresthe Heavenly Spheres (1543)(1543)

Disagreed with Disagreed with Ptolemy—believed the Ptolemy—believed the sun was the center of sun was the center of the universe (sun-the universe (sun-centered theory)centered theory)

Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)

Supported Supported Copernicus theory, Copernicus theory, but made but made corrections corrections

He believed the He believed the planets moved in planets moved in ellipses (oval ellipses (oval paths) rather than paths) rather than circular motion circular motion

Activity: Compare and Activity: Compare and Contrast Contrast

Read a Read a Revolution in AstronomyRevolution in Astronomy

A Revolution in Science A Revolution in Science

In 1500s Europeans thinkers began In 1500s Europeans thinkers began to break with the old scientific ideas.to break with the old scientific ideas.

Science can only be understood Science can only be understood through through experimentationexperimentation..

Led to a revolution in science and the Led to a revolution in science and the search for knowledge. search for knowledge.

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

Italian scientistItalian scientist Believed knowledge could Believed knowledge could

only be found by only be found by experimentingexperimenting

Believed scientific Believed scientific instruments needed to be instruments needed to be perfected to help humans perfected to help humans explore their world explore their world

Clock, telescope Clock, telescope

Catholic Church Catholic Church condemned him condemned him Bible= Earth central of Bible= Earth central of

universe universe Galileo disagrees Galileo disagrees http://www.history.com/topics/galileo-

galilei

Activity: Galileo Summary Activity: Galileo Summary Write a summary of the video. Write a summary of the video.

HOME LEARNING HOME LEARNING

Imagine that you could interview Galileo Imagine that you could interview Galileo about his work. Write five questions about his work. Write five questions you would like to ask him. You MUST you would like to ask him. You MUST include possible answers to those include possible answers to those questions. questions.

You may find the link here You may find the link here http://www.history.com/topics/galileo-galilei

New Scientific Discoveries New Scientific Discoveries

Scientific revolution led to new Scientific revolution led to new discoveries in physics, medicine, and discoveries in physics, medicine, and chemistry chemistry

Scientific revolution continued to Scientific revolution continued to spread in the 1600s and 1700s. spread in the 1600s and 1700s.

Isaac Newton (1642-1727)Isaac Newton (1642-1727) English mathematician Puts the ideas of

Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo together

Argues for a universe governed by natural laws Principia (1687) Laws of gravity

Gravity holds all the planets in the solar system together

His works led to the creation of Physics

The Triumph of Reason The Triumph of Reason Using the Using the scientific methodscientific method, Europeans of the , Europeans of the

1600s and 1700s developed new ideas about 1600s and 1700s developed new ideas about society.society.

Scientists began to apply science to society. Scientists began to apply science to society. By using reason people could learn how the By using reason people could learn how the

universe works. universe works. Once they know how the world works, then Once they know how the world works, then

humans can fix existing problems and make life humans can fix existing problems and make life better. better.

Rene Descartes (1596-Rene Descartes (1596-1650)1650)

French thinker French thinker Discourse on Method Discourse on Method

(1637)(1637) Forget everything you learn Forget everything you learn

to find “truth”to find “truth” ““I think therefore I am” is I think therefore I am” is

the only truth!! the only truth!! Mathematics was source Mathematics was source

of all scientific truth of all scientific truth Father of Father of rationalismrationalism = =

the belief that reason is the belief that reason is the source of knowledge the source of knowledge

Francis Bacon (1561-1626)Francis Bacon (1561-1626)

Father of the Father of the Scientific Method = Scientific Method = an orderly way of an orderly way of collecting and collecting and analyzing evidence analyzing evidence

Ideas on traditions Ideas on traditions should be put aside, should be put aside, and emphasized and emphasized useful knowledgeuseful knowledge

Activity: Layered book of Activity: Layered book of Scientists Scientists

Create a book of Scientists. Create a book of Scientists. Each scientist name must include Each scientist name must include

Name of scientist Name of scientist Nation of birth Nation of birth Discoveries Discoveries Image associated to his discoveryImage associated to his discovery

Scientists: Scientists: Nicolas CopernicusNicolas Copernicus, , GalileoGalileo GalileiGalilei, , Johannes KeplerJohannes Kepler, , Isaac NewtonIsaac Newton, , Rene Rene DescartesDescartes, , Francis Bacon Francis Bacon

Consequences of the Scientific Consequences of the Scientific RevolutionRevolution

Rise of the “Scientific Rise of the “Scientific Community”Community”

--Royal Society of --Royal Society of London (1662)London (1662)

--Academy of Royal --Academy of Royal Sciences (1666)Sciences (1666)

The modern scientific The modern scientific methodmethod

A universe ordered A universe ordered according to natural according to natural lawslaws