scientific study of plant life and development?
TRANSCRIPT
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Scientific study of plant life and development?
BOTANY
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STUDY OF THE EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF PLANTS?
MORPHOLOGY
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STUDY OF THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF PLANTS?
ANATOMY OR HISTOLOGY
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PASTURES
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ANNUAL CROPS
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PERENNIAL CROPS
e.g. GRAPES
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PISTACHIO – PERENNIAL TREE CROP
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PLANT LIFE CYCLES
Annual - a plant that completes its life cycle in one season and dies (e.g. wheat, subclover, peas, beans)
Biennial - a plant that requires two seasons to complete its life cycle. Vegetative phase and flowering phase (e.g. carrot, onion)
Perennial - a plant that lives from year to year (e.g. apple, citrus, tea bush)
Ephemeral - very short lived plants (e.g. desert and tundra plants)
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ANGIOSPERMS – FLOWERING PLANTS
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GRASSES - POACEAE
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MONOCOTYLEDONS
Single seed leaf or cotyledon embryo contains:
coleoptile -- a sheath in which the true leaves and plumule grow
plumule: origin of young leaves --> growing point, crown or node
radicle ---> initial seminal roots coleorhiza -- protective sheath for the radicle
Tillers - axillary shoots that grow later from the growing point
Secondary roots form later, often with tillering
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MONOCOT SEED
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Adventitious roots grow from the shoot axis just at or above the soil surface.
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WHEAT LIFE CYCLE
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PHENOLOGY – LIFE CYCLE
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RICE GROWTH CYCLE
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DICOTYLEDONS
seed has 2 seed leaves /cotyledons cotyledons either hypogeal (below ground) or
epigeal (above ground) embryo
radicle ---> primary root hypocotyl - lifts the cotyledons above the soil epicotyl - main stem and growing point
apical and axillary growing points secondary roots branch from the primary root
to form a structured deep root system
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Bean
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DICOTYLEDON: EPIGEAL GERMINATION
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DICOTYLEDON: HYPOGEAL GERMINATION
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Dicotyledonous plants tend to have a dominant tap root, which develops downward, together with limited lateral root growth.
Monocotyledonous plants tend not to have a dominant tap root, instead, the roots branch in many directions creating a fibrous root system.