scietech till may from dec
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UPSC iasTRANSCRIPT
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i-‐MOT software for monitering terror networkvanadia nanowires to reduce cell damageGSAT-‐16, althogh basics already covered in earlier articles.Pravati-‐2 Garlic varietyDefense: Agni-‐4 test fired, final decision to purchase Rafale jets(Robotics) Kiva Robot of Amazon, Robotic ChitahSpace tech: GSAT-‐6, GSLV Mk-‐III, NASA's new horizon mission for PlutoWatson sells his nobel medal for chairt. So his discovery becomes automaticaly important for prelimsHIV becoming less aggressive.Hayabusa2 explorerGlonass K satellitePinaka Mark-‐II rocket test fired. It has range of 60 km, can fire 12 rockets in 44 seconds and cover a blast area of approx. sq. 4 kmsChina testing "Wu-‐14" hypersonic glide missile. It can even evade US Missile shield.mosquito coils contain "Pyrethrin" a carcinogenic pesticide.GSLV Mark-‐III test flight successful. Altogather topic already covered in old article.Government clears defense purchase of Samyukta electronic warfare system, P7-‐platform etc.DRDO's Glide BombEzhil Programming languageGlobal Hawk UAV drone -‐ India interested to buy from USAHyperloop trains-‐will run faster than bullet trains.Naval version of LCAISRO's Multi-‐object tracking radartop-‐10 sncience breakthrus in 2014 (although selective)NASA maps water-‐vapor distribution in MarsPanchi UAV by DRDOACIS helmets with airbags for save batsmen from bouncersChina JL-‐2 missile and sea based nuke deterrentGovernment to launch Action plan against Diarrhea, pneumoniaMoM IncubatorRobotic sea turtle by Indian origin scientistsICRISAT Green PhabletNASA's SMAP instrument to measure soil moisture.Sugamya Bharat CampaignWhite-‐FI and Digital lockerNational Health Policy 2015Modi wants to declare health as a fundamental right, although no concrete announcement on Constitutional amendment.Bombay Blood groupComet LovejoyISRO prepares to launch IRNSS-‐1D. Although basics already covered in old article-‐ IRNSS will have 7 saetellites, this is the 4th one to be launched after A,B and C.NASA building Volcanobot to explore extra-‐terrestrial volcanos.ISRO's fire-‐retardant compound CASPOL.[ water based non toxic thermal control properties , flame retardent can be used in colours paints walls roofs etc concrete railways etc ]Insecticide resistant "Super mosquito"MenAfriVac: a vaccine against Meningitis11 years ago, Britain's Beagle-‐2 spacecraft went missing in Mars. Now it's foundnew technology to watch 3d effects without 3d glassesMali declared Ebola free. List of countries "affected" and list of compares "list of countries became free"-‐ becomes important for prelim list, given the ball-‐by-‐ball commentary on ebola every week.Stemrad belt to protect you against Radiation[protect the bone marrow from gamma radiations ,of people living vicnity of nuclear threats like fukushima . If bone barrow destroyed by gamma then body cant produce rbc wbc, causing marrow translplant or let person die. BElt is made from Fire resistant kevlar with multiple lead plates in it . it has alarm also keeping the user awaare about the gamma radiation increasing level . it also shows how much radiation were absorbed by the person DRDO's Agni-‐V test (on Jan 31st)"Ceres" is a dwarf planet in Mars-‐Jupiter asteroid belt. NASA's Dawn space craft recently captured its photosGovernment setsup AK Bhargava Committee for examine "Net Neutrality". Report awaited.Microsoft's 3D Hololens[Augmented reality]After Nigeria, Senegal-‐ now Mali becomes 3rd country in world to be declared Ebola free.Ceres is a dwarf planet between Mars and Jupiter. NASA's Ceres spacecraft reached near it."Penghu-‐1" prehistoric human found in Taiwan. It is older than the oldest specimen of Homo SepiansDRDO's Agni-‐5 launched from Odisha's wheeler island in a caniester mounted on a truck, it can carry 1.1 tonne nuke warehead for 5000kms. India's first Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM)
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UK passes law for regulation of '3-‐parent-‐baby' treament. if mom has defective DNA for mitochondria, baby will suffer heart-‐liver-‐brain damage. Solution-‐ insert healthy DNA code from another female into her egg, fertilize it with father's sperm= 3 parent baby.Silicene is world's thinnest silicon material[ 2d hexagonal honeycomb similar to graphene]. Researchers used it to create One-‐atom-‐thin silicon transistorsTill now, Scientists believed stem cells can be used to create new eggs and thereby cure infertility. New research says it's not possible.Litchi seeds contain ‘methylenecyclopropylglycine’ (MCPG). Researchers claim its responsible for the summer outbreaks of mysterious brain disease in among young children in Muzaffarpur district of Bihar.Spectrum is a frequencies band of electromagnetic waves or radio waves. Radio waves are used for communication and broadcasting. Example FM radio-‐ 88 to 108 Mhz, Mobile services on providers 900-‐1800 MHz and so on. But Two operators cannot use the same frequency in the same region, else interference. Therefore, Government allocates spectrum among the service providers through auctionFeb 10: the national deworming day by health ministry.Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. Signed contract to supply 14 Dornier-‐228 aircraft to the Indian Air Force.Rising Swine flu cases. Union framing an action plan. Origin-‐Symptoms-‐treatment important for prelims and action plan for mains.Ultra Wide Band (UWB) are popular for short and medium range communications. They use minimal spectrum, minimal power and don't interfere with other communication services. Department of Space working on the main passive components of the Ultra Wide Band systems i.e. “antenna” and “filter”-‐ on Silicon Substrate. The inventor of contraceptive pills, Carl Djerassi died recently. So, principle behind the pill becomes important for MCQ.[principle= in this pills fools the body and sayto body that female is already pregnant by inducing higher levels of progestrone /egestrone hormones. this causes the stalling of ovaries eggs release . Progestrone egestrones levels are higher when female are pregnant . Such fooling of body prevents birth control but it has various side effects The inventor of Laser & Nobel winner, Charles H. Townes died in USA recently. Hence laser principal and application becomes important for UPSC. Laser applications: surgical instruments, bar code readers, CD players etc.As such heavy water is used in nuclear power station but, Gulf countries also use it for for oil exploration. Now Department of Atomic energy will begin such feasibility in India.Brain: Short-‐term memory stored in "Pre-‐Fronta" and long term memory stored at Hippocampus, a horseshoe shaped paired structure.Government will vaccinate all the health workers dealing with H1N1 cases. And simultenously to reduce workload of medical staff, Union home ministry declares new guidelines against swine flu.Patients are now classified into three categories. Category A: people with mild fever, headache etc. but do not require testing for H1A1 And don't need to be hospitalised. Category B : those with high grade fever and high-‐risk category. Category – C: those with all symptoms of category a and B, and need to be hospitalised.ultrathin sheets have thickness of just few atoms, and width of just few micrometers. They're made using transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). They haven numerous applications such as better rechargable batteries, but at present TMD-‐manufacturing very expensive. Indian-‐American scientist Gurpreet Singh given 5 lakh dollar "CAREER" award for pursuing this research.Biocapsules are made of a polymer with size less than one militer. These capsules are filled with insulin or antibiotics. Doctor places them placed on the infection site, and gives micro-‐shock waves through a handheld machine. These shockwaves kill Staphylococcus bacteria and facilitate in drug-‐release from capsule. Injections not needed anymore.2019: world’s biggest solar telescope will be opened in HawaiiINSV Mhadei sets record of sailing 1 lakh nautical miles. In 2010 and 2013, Indian navy officers have circumnavigated the globe in this boat.Royal British Navy's HMS Hermes had participated in the Falkland wars and in late-‐80s it was inducted in Indian navy as INS-‐Viraat, the aircraft carrier. Navy planning to decomission it in 2016, because (a) expensive repair work (2) its Sea Harrier aircrafts not much use in modern-‐combat.10th Feb is National Deworming day by health ministry. To protect kids from 1 to 19 age from intestinal worms. Albendazole tablets will be given to kids. These parasites can live throughout the body but prefer to live on intestinal wall. Kids get them via contaminated food, water and soil. Main-‐species: helminth, roundworm, hookworm. They give diarrhoea, abdominal pain, weakness and anaemia.Nanogold particle usages (1) bind it to drug molecule using sulphur. Then drug can be delivered to any part of body (2) if they're delivered to cancer site and then Infrared light is emittedthey get excited, hot & kill cancerous cells because of "surface plasmon resonance" property. (3) can improve efficiency of solar cells (4) breaking down organic contaminants for water-‐purification.Serum Institute of India, Pune will being production of Nasovac-‐ the Swine flu (H1N1) vaccine soon. This is an egg-‐based, trivalent, live attenuated vaccine with shelf life of 1 year.Privthi-‐2 missile test fire. Full strike range 350 kms, nuke capable yes.Albinism is a hereditary genetic condition. Result: No pigmentation in skin, eyes and hairs. 1 out of 1400 Tanzanians have Albinism-‐ mostly due to inbreeding. Idiotic Tanzanian Mobs kills such people and sell their bodyparts for $600-‐$75,000 for witchcrating. UN Human rights commissioner has condemned this practice.70% liquid drugs in India are sold in plastic (PET) bottles. But polyethylene terephthalate (PET) interacts with drug molecules, releases bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates that can reduce immunity, induce miscarriage, abnormal DNA-‐birth defects etc. Hence Delhi doctors demanding ban on using PET bottles in pharma companies.
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Low density lipoprotein (L.D.L) Cholesterol creates fat-‐deposits in blood vessels. Later on if coronary artery gets blocked-‐ you get heart attack. If vessel supplying blood to brain gets affected then you get stroke. Now scientists binding cholesterol lowering Statin drugs with AC2-‐26 nanoparticles to prevent this clottingTo cure MDR and XDR TB, scientists binding polymers with antibiotic-‐nanoparticles. Polymer will bind to bacteria in body and nanoparticile will release the drug. This "personalized" targeted drug delivery will help faster recovery from TB.ATP molecule acts as a storehouse of energy and fuels the physiological activities. Similar molecule IP7 also responsible for energy, DNA-‐repair, blood-‐cloting and other processes in the cell. IP7 made up of sugar and 7-‐phospate groups. Scientists believe its DNA-‐repair mechanism can be used to cure cancer.‘Aero India 2015’: held at Bengaluru. Focus: Make in India-‐ for aerospace, defence, civil aviation and airport infrastructure in line with the government’s mantra.Dakota-‐3-‐ this aircraft played crucial role in Bangladesh liberation war. IAF donated Dakota-‐3, Twin Otter plan and Aloutte-‐3 helicopter to Bangladeshi Airforce.Pakistan Army launched Operation ‘Zarbe-‐azab’ against Taliban in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). They aim to finish it before end of 2015, Then begin reconstruction and rehabilitation of people.IMA warns that Tamiflu is not an Over-‐the-‐counter (OTC) precautionary drug for Swine flu. Unless you have tested positive, you must not take it.internet penetration (1) first world saturated (2) China many restriction, so all tech-‐giants looked at India. Internet business to cover 600 million indians and 7% of India's GDP in 2020. so, to get junta hooked up with net, 3 initiatives (1) Facebook-‐Anil Ambani tieup for Internet.org to give free access to limited sites in their mobile phones + solar-‐powered internet drones in future (2) Google to beam internet using helium balloons + working on google fiber to give 100 times faster net than broadband (3) microsoft to get unused television spectrum from doordarshan to launch "white-‐fi" internet.International Epilepsy Day celebrated on February 9. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that is treated with medication. It's not a contagious disease, it does not spread by touch.Mars one projects aims to setup permanent human settlement at Mars. Kerala's Dr. Lekha Menon Margassery selected through contest, she'll be shipped in 2024.Automotive emergency braking (AEB)-‐ Use a short distance low-‐power radar operation at 76-‐77 Ghz frequency, to automatically brakes on the car during emergency. Same way blindspot detection apps work in 24-‐81 Ghz frequency. Automobile companies are requesting the Department of Telecom delicense This frequency bandwidth so that such safety measures can be implemented in more number of cars and mid and low-‐cost segment.In 1347, Black plague killed 1/3rd of European population. Till now scientists believed Black rats carried plague bacteria, Yersinia pestis. But new research says due climate change even other mammals such as great gerbils and marmots also harbored this bacteria.IISc Bangalore researchers produce a superior water filter using Polymer Reverse osmosis (RO) Nanomembranes (using PVDF and PMMA material). RO membranes now require less pressure to produce pure water. Plus, silver, titanium dioxide and carbon nanotubes are embedded on membrane to kill E. coli bacteria. (1) Silver kills bacteria by damaging its cell protein integrity (2) Titanium Dioxide works best in presence of UV light (3) Carbon nanotubes kill the bacteria through direct physical contact.Chemical ministry to celebrate 2015 as "Year of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients”, with focus on "make in India" so we become self-‐reliant on bulk drug production, instead of importing from China. Government also setup "Katoch" Committee to bulk drug issues. It gave report, but yet to be implemented.Govt. to celebrate Internet Safety Week from 10th to 17th February 2015. CERT, google an Mygov will focus on internet safety, particularly for children and youngsters.Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) planning to build its own space outpost similar to International Space Station (ISS). ROSCOSMOS will stop its modules to ISS after 2024. At present Russia is the only country that can ferry humans to ISS using its Soyuz rockets.The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) clears (1) buying Pilatus basic trainer aircraft from Switzerland (2) building Mine Countermeasure Vessels (MCMV) @Goa Shipyard (3) HTT-‐40 trainer aircraft from HAL.Gilead Science blockbuster Hepatitis-‐C drug "Sovaldi" sells for $1,000 a pill. Hence unaffordable by many in the developing countries. Finally NATCO Natco Pharma signed deal with Gilead to sell generic copies of this drug to 91 developing nations and pay 7% royalty to GileadUnder national numbering plan 2003, the Department of telecom has reserved 111 to 115 numbers as spares. But Vodafone using 111. TRAI orders vodafone to stop this.Fulgurites are glassy products formed in rocks and sediments. They are made up of volcanic ash melted by lightning.2.8-‐million-‐year old jawbone of a Homo habilis (Handy Man) found in Ethiopia. Researchers Believe over the years, H.Habilis species split further into H. erectus and Homo-‐sapiens (modern Man)Space-‐X falcon 9 rocket launches world's first 2 all electric satellites into orbit for private companies Euteslsat and ABS. Conventional satellites use chemical propulsion system, while these two were all electric, hence need much less energy, thereby reducing cost of operation. But downside is, they take much longer time to reach orbid.Bhavani-‐ Women safety portable device designed by Dr. Pavan Kohli and launched by Nirbhaya's parents. Feature: 2 foot collapsible batton, non-‐lethal stun gun, 10-‐foot range pepper spray, panic-‐button with GPS locator that'll SMS to 5 relatives and police.
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Modi launches "3-‐dose ROTAVAC" vaccine. This is India's first indigenously developed and manufactured rotavirus vaccine for children under 5, with help of US. Rotavirus kills ~80k kids every year in India. We'll even supply this Vaccine to other low income countries for $1 a dose, It will also promote "make in India".People with "A" bloodgroup are more vulnerable to malaria because plasmodium parasite damages their protein, makes these red blood cells clump (Rosettes) to vessel walls and thereby obstructing blood flow and even causing death-‐ says a new report.Relative Humidity is the ratio between amount of water vapour present in air vs. the amount of water vapour the air can hold. During high temperature high relative humidity scenario, human body tries to control temperature by evaporating moisture as per commands from hypothalamus. But since outside air already has high relative humidity, it cannot hold any more moisture, hence sweat doesn't evaporate quickly, therefore it appears as if we are sweating more profusely during high humid climate.Mutation is a permanent change of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism. MIT researchers say the H1N1 Swine flu virus has undergone mutation in India, thus it has become easier to spread, more deadly, difficult to cure.Pakistan developing indigenous Drone named Barraq (flying horse) and laser guided missile for that drone, named "Barq" (lightening)Pharma Jan Samadhan: an online portal where public can file complaint about (1) overpriced medicines (2) shortage of medicines (3) sale of medicine without approval of NPPA. National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) will begin action with 48 hours. Overall, matter falls under chemical-‐fertilizer ministry.Largest defence importers of 2014. number 1 is S.Arabia. Then India, China, UAE, Taiwan etc. in the previous year, India was 1st largest importer.Astra: Indigenously developed Beyond Visual Range air-‐to-‐air missile. It can be launched from Sukhoi-‐30 MkI fighter aircraft. This is the smallest of the missiles developed by DRDO -‐ just 3.8-‐metre long, uses solid propellant, can carry a 15kg warhead. It can chase enemy aircraft at supersonic speeds . Has high Single-‐Shot Kill Probability (SSKP) and smokeless propulsion. It can be launched from different altitudes with different speed modes. It can be launched from Tejas Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) as well.In insects gaseous exchange takes place by diffusion. O2 and Co2 get circulated via muscular contractions and relaxations. So, when insect larva is planted inside plant / animal, they breathe through the skin.Dengue virus is spread through Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Australian researchers tied Wolbachia bacteria in these mosquitoes. Result? It decreases dengue virus's ability to pass from mosquito gut-‐saliva to human body.World's top arms exporters (1) China (2) USA (3) Russia.As such human immune system can stop breathed TB bacteria from multiplying. Such people are called "TB infected" However, they don't feel sick or show symptops or spread TB. But if person suffering HIV, diabetes mellitus, malnutrition or taking anti-‐cancer, corticosteroid and other immunosuppressant drugs, then it can't fight against TB infection. Such people are called TB diseased patients, each of them capable of infecting 10 more.ISRO Mars Orbitor Mission (MOM)'s planned lifespan was 6 month. It was to end on 24rd March 2015. In June 2015, ISRO's Mars orbiter will be in 15 day “blackout” because Sun will block the communication between Mars and Earth. During this period, the orbiter will take autonomous decision, thus will consume more fuel. Depending on how much fuel is left, MOM will be operational for some more weeks. Factoids: [+] MOM survived Van Allen belt 39 times. It's world first spacecraft to enter Mars orbit in first attempt. MOM won Space pioneer award for 2015, by US National Space agency while ISRO won Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development.Home ministry aims to setup India's first counter terrorism school in Rajasthan.US scientists want to send robotic submarine to Saturn's moon titan. To explore oily season Titan, which are filled liquid form of methane and ethane, instead of water. Titan resembles a deep frozen version of Earth, hence such hydrocarbons exist in liquid form..WHO celebrates 7th April as World Heath Day. This year's theme "Food safety". Unsafe food and water kills ~7 lakh children per year in South-‐East Asia Region because most these countries don't enforce food safety laws due to rampant corruption.HAL to finish developing Light Combat Helicopter (LCH) by 2017. This Twin engine armed heli will be used by Army and Airforce. Cheetahs and the Chetaks are single engine, unarmed and outdated. But LCH is not meant as their replacement.Assam Rifles completes 180 years on 24/03/2015. Considered India's oldest paramilitary force. Participated in WW1, WW2, Indo-‐China war, Indo-‐Pak wars, Op. Pawan (Sri Lanka), Op. Rakshak (Sri Lanka), and combating insurgency in North East ast. nicknamed Friends of the NE people, because it also implements Border area Development program,education, vocational skills and healthcare. DG: RK RanaFrench company Dassault gives upgraded Mirage 2000 fighter aircraft to the Indian Air Force. The deal was signed in 2011. These upgraded planes are almost new, with shelf life of 10-‐15 years, helmet mounted display and electronic warfare suites and other fancy things includedJeevan Dhara is Rajasthan’s first State-‐run human milk bank. Will collect excess breast milk from lactating mothers and provide it to needy infants. Such facilities already opened in USA, and even online sale is done. But unregulated sector means HIV, Hep.C, Syphillis etc disease can creep in. State run bank will ensure quality checks.Periscope is the name of Twitter application to stream live videos via your mobile phone's camera. It can instantly turn any civilian into global reporter. This app is meant to compete against another app called Meerkat.
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Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY). Launched in 2010. By Women Child ministry. Provides partial wage compensation to pregnant and lactating women. 6,000 x 3 installments, and entitlements food security act-‐ for first 2 children. Except for women working in Government / PSU jobs. But a survey suggest less than 30% eligible women got benefit. reasons (1) junta unaware of misinformed. (2) requires no-‐frills zero balance account, which many women don't have in tribal areas. End result, IMR=40/1k and MMR=167/1 lakh live births. We can't meet the MDG goal of reducing MMR by 75% or IMR by 66%.Net neutrality principle requires ISPs not to give advantage to one type of traffic over the other. Violation cases (1) Airtel's decision to charge extra money on its mobile-‐internet users IF they use skype to make free calls over internet. Although later decision taken back. (2) Facebook launches internet.org initiative in India with help of Anil Ambani's Reliance communication. We are 6th country in the world to be covered under facebook's 'free-‐internet' scheme. Basic idea is-‐ every reliance phone subscribe will get free internet access to facebook, wikipedia etc selected sites. Criticism: Neutrality principle is violated because other similar social networking sites / and knowledge sites will not get visitors. Because junta given 'free internet' only for a selected group of sites allied with Facebook. So in a way, facebook misusing its dominant position via this "zero-‐rating" business strategy. Net Neutrality developments so far: Government setsup AK Bhargava Committee for examine "Net Neutrality" Jan-‐W4. Report awaited.[+] TRAI sought views from companies (March-‐W4). [+] 18% decline in SMS usage due to Over the top (OTT) services such as Whatsapp and Viber. Although mobile companies making money through increased income in mobile internet data plans. Although OTTS so far not affecting voice service because our call rates are relatively cheaper.
Defence Acquisition Council (chairman: Defense minister) approved following: [+] Maitri project to co-‐develo Short Range Surface-‐to-‐Air Missile (SR-‐SAM) using DRDO (India) and MBDA (France). As such MoU signed in 2013, but no process because DRDO was developing Akash missile system. But now realized Akash only good for Army and Airforce, but not for Navy. [+] Kamov-‐28 antisubmarine helicopters for Navy. [+] DRDO to develop indigenous Airborne Warning and Control Systems (AWACS). Aircraft with AWACS radars can give seamless 360-‐degree coverage of the airspace. At present we have 3 such systems bought from Israel. [+] Harpoon anti-‐ship missiles for Navy's HDW Submarines.Oscar winning movie "The theory of Everything" was made on British physicist Stephen Hawking. He suffers from Motor neuron disease. Now Dr. Hawking aim to get his name trademarked just like J.K. Rowling and David Beckham, so if any Company uses his name on commercial products, he gets money and even after his death-‐ his children/foundation keeps getting the moneyDRDO tests a new interceptor missile. It'll becom part of India's 2-‐tier Ballistic Missile Defence system to protect important cities from enemy missile. So far testing Successful for endo-‐atmosphere (below 40 km altitude) and three in exo-‐atmosphere (above 80 km).BRCA1 and BRCA2 human genes used for diagnosing breast and ovarian cancers. (BRCA= BReast CAncer). If a woman has mutation (fault) in BRCA 1 or 2= higher risk of breast/ovarian cancer. Angelina Jolie detected positive, so she earlier removed her breasts via double mastectomy (2013). Now she removed her ovaries and fallopian tubes (2015), saying she doesn't want to die of cancer. Side angles [+] in mid 90s, Myriad Genetics got patent for this test. Later US court rejected patent saying human genes can't be patents. Then Myriad got it patented in Australia. (2014) [+] Jolie's media coverage =more women opt for this expensive test and get their organs removed even if there is no real and present danger.1995: Gandhi Peace Prize setup for social, economic and political transformation through non-‐violence means. 1 crore rupees given. ISRO given this prize for 2014 for its work on space technology that has helped in education, healthcare, communication, agriculture, disaster management, telemedicine and many other things.Health minister launches Mission ‘Indradhanush: for vaccination against 7 preventable disease by 2020. This diseases are diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, polio, tuberculosis, measles and hepatitis B. plus our universal immunization program to include 3 more vaccines against rotavirus, rubella and polio. Every year 5% more kids will be covered. First phase main focus on most bogus districts in four states of UP, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Cold storage and constant surveillance on vaccines.A hyderabad start-‐up company working on world's first interactive haptic footwear called "Lechal". (hindi-‐ take me along). Just like the wearable smart watch track movement, this footware will contain a smartchip to collect data and help you move towards destination. This will greatly help blind people.Project 75 aims to develop submarine with joint India-‐France collaboration. Six screened submarine inaugurated at Mazagon Dock. First submarine is named Kalvari, the Tiger shark. Features of Scorpene submarines: They're more stealthy and can dive deeper than others. They're loaded with precision guided weapons, anti-‐ship missiles, and torpedoes. Multiple utility-‐ anti-‐ship, anti-‐submarine, intelligence gathering, mine laying, area surveillance etc. They'll help in making "Blue water navy"-‐ a force capable of operating in deep ocean in multiple theatres simultaneously.X-‐ray radiation causes damage to skin and even leads to cancer. So scientists came up with Linear No Threshold (LNT) hypothesis. It says response to radiation is proportional to dose without a threshold. In other words, even very small amount of radiation can cause damage. However, new research doubts this hypothesis, and even says sometimes small dose is beneficial for cell adaptation.Factoid#1: Radar uses high frequency radio waves. They're electromagnetic waves, can travel long distance in air because they're not much absorbed by air molecules. However, Radar sent in water, then it can hardly travel beyond meter because water will absorb those electromagnetic waves. Therefore, we can't use radar to track objects in water. Factoid#2: Sonar uses high frequency sound waves. They're mechanical waves, they don't lose energy even after traveling long distance in water. So we use Sonar to track objects in water.
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NeHA portal: National eHealth Authority, By union health Ministry. It will provide centralised online database of medical history, lab reports of all patients across India. That way even if patient changes doctor, he need not undergo all medical tests again. It will sell considerable amount of money and time wasted otherwise.2015's first Lunar eclipse on 4th April. Although not visible in North East.In USA, number "911"is meant for handling all types of emergencies. But in India, we've 100 for police, 101 for fire, 102/108 for ambulance and so on. Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) recommends to shift to system of only one emergency number "112". It'll deal with all emergency services in the country. TRAI will setup Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs) to route calls from 112 to police, ambulance etc. Law Commission 256th report, to end Discrimination of leprosy patients (aka Hensen's disease). 1980s: multidrug therapy programme to treat leprosy. 2005: Leprosy cases on rise again, every year new 1.35 lakh cases, because public Expenditure shifted towards AIDS and cancer. India has 58% of world patients [+] 1898: ‘Lepers’ Act permits segregation of lepers into separate asylums. Later, many state laws also permit authorities to forcefully take them to Leper colonies and mental Institutions. [+] Leprosy is even a valid ground for divorce under personal laws of India. [+] LIC charges higher higher premium rates from persons with leprosy. They're banned from Contesting election in local bodies in many states. [+] Law commission gives a bill to end all such discriminations against leprosy victims, Remove the word "Leper" and Provide them reservation under physically disabled category, right to driving license, school admission, job, free legal aid etc. [+] NHRC Chairman asks corporate houses to adopt leprosy colonies.Achievements of CSIR's national aerospace laboratory. [+] DHVANI (Detection and Hit Visualization using Acoustic N-‐wave Identification). This system helps training defense and sportsmen for marksmanship. Costs 40% less than other system [+] DHRISTI: first indigenous transmissometer for measuring runway visibilityNet Neutrality: TRAI consultation paper proposes that Viber, Whatsapp etc. are Over-‐the-‐Top (OTT) Services. So then TRAI may try to regulate them by issuing license similar to spectrum. This will kill startup companies and innovation. Ignored because it's still a consultation paper and no final verdict is reached. [+] Airtel launches "Airtel Zero" program, under which, if a web-‐company agrees to pay money on behalf of people, Airtel will show that site free to its mobile customers without charging any money for data usage. This goes against the spirit of the net neutrality because start-‐up companies cannot of course such model, and facebook-‐youtube etc. will corner all the visitors with lure of free access from mobile. [+] Flipkart decides not to join Airtel Zero, after opposition in Social media. Although Airtel maintains that it'll be a toll free data service, it is not meant for countering Net neutrality. [+] Chile, the Netherlands, Brazil have already adopted Net neutrality. USA consider internet as public utility and thereby believes the net neutrality. [+] Essay Topic: Debate on net neutrality is a disguised debate on the principle of a free market. [+] BSF will get Russian built Mi-‐17 V5 medium lift choppers. They'll help moving troops and supplies during anti-‐naxal operations, even during night. [+] India successfully test-‐fired the nuclear capable Dhanush missile. It's a naval variant of Prithvi 3 Missile.Silicosis is a fibrotic lung disorder caused by inhalation of crystalline silica / quartz by from mining, stone crushing, quarrying, gem cutting etc. activities. and quarrying activities. Over 30 lakh workers affected in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi and Karnataka. NHRC report 2011 asked for reforms like masks, medical facilities, insurance etc. for the workers and necessary amendments in relevant factory-‐Labour acts. But ground realities not changed much.Apollo Hospitals designs ‘OncoCollect’ software to track cancer treatment and costs.Kyasanur Forest Disease virus(KFDV) is found in Kyasanur Forest in Karnataka. 1957-‐ first time the virus reported from monkey. [+] Hosts: Rodents, shrews, and monkeys. [+] Reservoirs: Hard ticks (Hemaphysalis spinigera). They get virus via suck blood from hosts. [+] Animals infected: goats, cows, sheep. But themselves don't transmit the infection much. [+] Can human get this disease? Yes (1) if bitten by ticks (2) if contact of those infected animals. But one infected human cannot infect another human. It doesn't get transmitted via even unpasteurised milk. Why in news? Because National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Delhi began investigating the outbreak of KFDV in Goa.INS Visakhapatnam is Navy’s stealth destroyer under project 15B [+] Admiral R. K. Dhowan's wife Minu Dhowan launched it. [+] made with the help of SAIL & Mazgaon Docks Limited. [+] 70% components are indigenous. But propulsion system imported from Russia. [+] Will be fully operational in 2018.Maglev (magnetic levitation) train is propelled by electrically charged magnets, hence it hovers 10 cms above tracks instead of touching them. Topic in news, because Japanese Maglav train crossed 600 kmph mark in Mt.Fuji. By 2045, maglev trains are expected to link Tokyo and Osaka in ~1 hour.George de HEVESY won Nobel Chemistry prize (1943) for his research on isotops. Professor Susanta Lahiri of Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, received the Hevesy Medal Award 2015 for his lifelong contribution to Radio analytical research. He is a co-‐creator of super heavy element 117How knuckle cracking produces popping sound? New research says this happens because when joint surfaces suddenly separate due to distraction force (or pulling force) and there is less amount of synovial fiuid to fill the suddenly expanded joint volume. Thus a cavity or bubble is formed, and sound is producedNASA’s New Horizons spacecraft sends first colour image of the dwarf planet Pluto and its largest moon Charon.Goa Psychiatrist Vikram Patel named in Time’s annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world For his research on linking mental disorders and poverty in third world Countries.
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How do tears form when we get emotional? [+] Tears are produced in the lacrimal glands. They flow through the excretory ducts into the space between the eyeball and the lids. [+] The para-‐sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system controls it. the lacrimal glands. Benefits of Tears? [+] Basal tears keep eye ball lubricated and dust free. Such tears are known as basal tears. [+] They've antibodies to fight against microbes. [+] Reflex tears help to wash out insect, onion vaour etc. from eye. [+] Emotional tears have Different chemical composition then above stated tears. Emotional tears controlled by hypothalamus. During stress, extra proteins and "prolactin" hormones are produced. Emotional tears flush out these Toxics substances, and the person feels better after crying. [+] Since women bodies produce more "prolactin", hence they cry often. [+] birds and sea animals use tears to remove salt from their bodyHubble Space Telescope: [+] joint venture between NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) [+] located 552 kms above earth using "discovery" space shuttle. [+] Launched in 1990. So 2015 = 25th anniversary. [+] Has Wide Field Camera 3. Can see in multiple wavelengths — near-‐infrared, visible light and near-‐ultraviolet. [+] Took photos of Eagle Nebula's "pillars of creation".Union Ministry for Development of North East Region (DoNER)'s website wins "Web Ratna Award 2014". Award given by Union Ministry of Information Technology (IT).Rising number of chess players using mobile/bluetooth technology to cheat in the game using Fritz softwareUK company built MinION. Size: small chocolate bar. Use: genome sequencing in ebola affected countries. [+] Aedes mosquitoes transmit Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) to humans, leading to joint pain and even death. German researchers working on a new recombinant MVA vaccine against this virus.
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Indian origin MIT researcher Sangeeta Bhatia won 2015 Heinz Award for Technology ($2.5 lakh). She has developed artificial human microlivers for drug testing tissue engineering and disease detection. [+] The Heinz Awards annually given for arts and humanities; environment; human condition; public policy; and technology, the economy, and employment.Britain’s first legally approved HIV self-‐testing kit (Brand name "Biosure") began online sale. You just need to put a blood drop, Kit will react to its antibodies, if HIV positive then purpule lines will be shown. It can show result in just 15 minutes with a 99.7 per cent accuracy rate. Condition: HIV infection must be atleast 3 months old. Traditional lab testing can take upto 5 days to confirm.200 years of Gorkha Rifles: East India company's Sir Robert Colquhuon raised Gorkha rifles regiment with men from Gorkhas, Kumaon and Garhwal regions. Weapon" Khukris". Battlecry: ‘Aayo Gorkhali’. Gorkhas first served East India Company, then British empire then free Indian army. Famous officers from Gorkha rifles: (1) India’s first Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw. (2) Current Army Chief General Dalbir Singh.NASA tests "morphing wing". They reduce aircraft weight & noise pollution. They improve fuel efficiency. They can bend from 2 to 30 degrees, even during the flight.Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana provides cashless health insurance to unorganised sector workers. BPL family needs to give annual Rs.30 premium for five times, and they get Rs.30,000 cover. This scheme is being shifted from Labour ministry to Health ministry, to make it a part of part of the National Health Assurance Mission. but parliament Committee is opposed.Ayush-‐1) Ayurveda (“science if life”). Who? Atharva Veda, Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita. How? Five elements and 3 humours — Vata, Pitta and Kapha. [+] Vipreeta treatment= medicine + diet to antagonize diseases [+] Vipreetarthkari treatment = medicine+ diet + activity to exert effects similar to the disease process. Medicine= herbs.Ayush-‐2) Yoga (“to join” or “to unite”) is a physical and spiritual discipline. Who? Upanishads and Patanjali's Yoga Sutras.Ayush-‐3) Homeopathy: Who? German physician Samuel Hahnemann, 18th century. How? Dilute a substance in logarithmic scale with alcohol or distilled water. Then drop this liquid on a sugar pill and give to patient. But Scientific community does not believe in this principle though.Ayush-‐4) Uniani. Who? 12th century Arabs and Persians. Later Freedom fighter and physician Hakim Ajmal Khan. How? herbal, animal and mineral drugs.Ayush-‐5) Siddha: Who? Tamilnadu's “siddhars” or scientist-‐saints. How? checklist of eight signs and symptoms. Herbal drugs, internal and external treatment. Although Research, teaching and practise is largely restricted to Tamil Nadu.Ayush-‐6) Naturopathy. How? special diets, mud packs, acupuncture, acupressure, magnet therapy, prayer and meditationIndo-‐French naval exercise (VARUNA) concluded at Panaji, Goa. 1983: joint exercises begin. 2001: renamed as Varuna. 2015: fourth edition of the joint exercise.CERN (European Organisation for Nuclear Research) is world's biggest particle physics laboratory . CERN operates the Large Hadron Collider. Until now India was an observer. Now Cabinet clears India's "associate membership" to CERN. Total 21 member States.Asthma: airways shrink, because of immunological response to an allergen such as dust, food additives etc. Allergan vary from person to person[+] Narrowed airways means difficulty in breathing. [+] Asthma is not curable but fully controllable, with proper treatment. [+] Asthama inhalers contain Bronchodilators & similar anti-‐inflammatory agents that help relaxing the airway [+] May 5 World Asthama Day.Autism= auto+ism. It's a complex neuro-‐development disorder [+] problem in language skills & communication. [+] Symptoms begin at age of 3. [+] Government recognizes it as a disability.Opto Circuits India is a Medical devices maker. Its product Powerheart G5 AED got approval by USFDA [+] AED =Automated external defibrillator (AED). [+] During Cardiac arrest, defibrillators give electrical shock to revive the heart.The boiling point of milk (100.17C) is slightly higher than of water (100C). When milk heated, its relatively less dense constituents like the fat/proteins begin to float on top cream layer. So, milk vapor can't pass through this upper layer. So, at boiling point milk will overflow due to large quantity of milk vapor rupturing the cream layer. [+] Milk cooker is a double-‐walled vessel. Its gap has water, which boils before milk. So, inner vessel remains at 100C. So, cream layer forms but milk vapor doesn't form. That's why milk will not overflow in a milk cooker.UN Road Safety Week: theme ‘Children and Road Safety [+] World Red Cross Day: 8th May. 2015 marks 50th Anniversary.Blackberry (Canadian Company) had aquired Movirtu for virtual identity solutions provider. Blackberry now sought permission from Indian Government to launch Virtual SIM cards that will allow customers to use nine different numbers through a single SIM [+] system already started in Africa. [+] this system works with all type of smartphone whether android, iphone or windows based.Mid 90s: Dr.Kalam proposes ballistic missile defense system (BMD) i.e. a missile that can shoot down enemy missiles. DRDO began working since Late 90s to provide cover for Delhi, Mumbai etc. Anti-‐arguments [+] tests failed last month [+] will encourage Pak. to produce more missiles, to simultaneously attack multiple targets in India [+] US Senate report says BMDs have only 30% success rate, yet costs are prohibitive e.g. for Each Indian city such missile defense shield to cost ~1 lakh crore minimum. [+] for a fully functional BMD, you need radars, command-‐control-‐centre and geo-‐stationary satellite-‐ we don't have that satellite yet.Government prohibits hotels and farmhouses From using laser lights near airports because it creates confusion to the pilot.
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2004: NASA’s Messenger spacecraft Launched to investigate mercury planet. It gave information about Mercury's magnetic anomalies and ice polar craters. 2015: it crashed on Mercury, because of the sun’s gravitational pull.