scotland and the impact of the great war the role of women
TRANSCRIPT
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Scotland and the Impact of the Great War
The Role of The Role of WomenWomen
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Lesson Starter
What do you already know about women and WW1?
Women and WW1Women
and WW1
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What we will look at:
• Background to the War effort
• Examples of war work
• Dilution
• Outcome of the war
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Before the War
• Attitudes were beginning to change
• Some women had access to better education, jobs and professions
• They had more legal rights and male attitudes were changing
• BUT they still had not vote which they saw as pivotal for improving the lives of women
• By 1914 1,000 suffragettes were in prison
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Declaration of War• 4th August 1914 Britain
declared war on Germany
• 6th August 1914 NUWSS suspended campaign for the vote
• Govt agreed to release all WSPU prisoners if campaign ended
• Govt gave £2000 for WSPU campaign to get men to fight and women to serve.
• WSPU renamed their newspaper ‘Britannia’
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Mairi Chisholm• August 1914 aged 18,
left Scotland and rode her motorbike to London to look for war work
• Dr Hector Munro saw her and was organising a medical team going to Belgium
• She said that it was a rescue and an emergency as Belgium had not expected war.
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Mairi Chisholm
• Realised 1/6 men survived journey to hospital
• Munro wanted to create a first aid post just behind the front line
• Nurses worked there for 18 months
• Worked for 48 hrs at a time
• Under shell fire • Rescued pilots from
no man’s land• Jan 1915 awarded
the Order of Leopold by Belgium (Belgian VC)
• March 1918 she was part of a gas attack, she lived but was not fit for duty
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Elsie Inglis• Studied at Edinburgh
University and trained at GRI
• Member NUWSS• Set up Scottish
Women’s Hospitals Committee
• Sent 1000 female doctors, nurses, orderlies and drivers to war zones across Europe and the Balkans
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Elsie Inglis
• Set up 4 Scottish women’s hospitals
• Lower disease rates than other military hospitals
• She put up with terrible conditions, fighting, capture and repatriation
• Died from cancer November 1917
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Dilution of Labour • By 1916 it was evident that women were a
vital part of the war effort
• 30,000 women in Scotland were employed in munitions compared to 4000 in heavy industry before the war
• Trade Unions were concerned with dilution of labour
• Male workers had to serve as apprentices for several years yet women only trained for a few weeks
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• TUs thought that the higher wages of skilled male workers were under threat or that women would be employed as they were cheaper.
• As demand for weapons grew there had to be a solution to the problem.
• Solution by the Ministry of Munitions was to break down skilled work into smaller tasks which women could be trained in.
• Munitions Act 1915 said women should have same wages but employers found ways round this.
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Munitions• Main centres were
Glasgow, Clydebank and Gretna
• Gretna ‘new town’ to house 9000 women and 5000 men
• Dangerous conditions. Explosives nicknamed ‘the Devil’s porridge’.
• 61 workers died from poisoning and 71 from explosions Photograph of Munitions workers 1914
Glasgow
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The Vote• Reward idea too
simplistic• Women were ‘removed’
from their wartime jobs• Changes pre 1914
must be considered• It wasn’t those who
risked their lives that got the vote.
• Fear of Revolution and social disorder? (Rent Strikes/renewed suffrage campaign)
• Need for franchise reform
• War was temporary change -Long term very little actual change.