scp2-ga-2012-314286 2012-09-01 to 2015-08-31 towards the unmanned merchant ship: the munin project...
TRANSCRIPT
SCP2-GA-2012-3142862012-09-01 to 2015-08-31
Towards the unmanned merchant ship:
The MUNIN Project
Ørnulf Jan RØDSETH, Research DirectorMARINTEK Dept. Maritime Transport Systems
http://www.unmanned-ship.org
3rd Workshop on European Unmanned Maritime SystemsPorto, May 30th 2014
2
Content
Introduction to MUNIN
Rationale for unmanned ships
Problems with unmanned ship
Application in other domains
Conclusion and summary
3
Introduction to MUNIN
Munin ("mind") is one of Odin's two ravens flying out in the morning and reporting news of the world to their master in the evening.
Hugin ("thought"), the other raven, isalso the name of a commercially successful autonomous submarine (AUV).
Here, MUNIN is the name of a new EU project researching theunmanned, autonomous ship.
Maritime Unmanned Navigation through Intelligence in Networks
4
Partners in MUNIN
Fraunhofer CML (DE) – Research, Coordinator
MARINTEK (NO) – Research
Chalmers (SE) – University
Hochschule Wismar (DE) – University
Aptomar (NO) – Industry
MarineSoft (DE) – Industry
Marorka (IS) – Industry
University College Cork (IE) - University
5
Project details
Duration: 01.09-2012 – 31.08.2015
Funding: 2.9 million EUR
Activity code: SST.2012.5.2-5:E-guided vessels: the 'autonomous' ship
6
Objectives
Develop and test unmanned ship concepts
Main technical investigations on
Technical maintenance for high availability
Navigation support for unmanned bridge
Remote operations, shore coordination, including VTS/Pilot/SAR
Energy savings potential
Base case is medium size dry bulk carrier
Verify concept in system of simulators
Examine legal and contractual constraints
CBA and applications in today's shipping as well as other ship types
7
Content
Introduction to MUNIN
Rationale for unmanned ships
Main problems with unmanned ship
Application in other domains
Conclusion and summary
8
WaterBorne TP
9
Autonomous Slow Steaming
Environmentally
Reduce CO2 emissions with 54%
Economically
Lower fuel costs (but higher hire)
Offset increased crew costs due to longer voyage
Societal
Make crew available for more demanding tasks, closer to home, offset lack of crew, increase job attractiveness
10
New ship concepts
Source Rolls Royce Holdings
11
New ship concepts
Source Rolls Royce Holdings
12
Content
Introduction to MUNIN
Rationale for unmanned ships
Main problems with unmanned ship
Communication issues
Application in other domains
Conclusion and summary
13
Communication technology andinformation transfer
Dependent on trade area and cost one have to expect varying degree of communication service (bandwidth, latency and reliability)!
AMVER July 2012: www.amver.org
14
Lookout and collission avoidance
Radar and AIS are on board – enhancements are available.
Small object detection radar, IR cameras, low light cameras etc. are available.
Key challenges are to integrate sensors and to
classify objects automatically
15
Manoeuvres in difficult conditions
Less of a problem for bulk carriers.
16
System robustness
Today ship safety is to some degree based on the ability to repair equipment during voyage.
Autonomous ships need very high confidence level against critical failures during sea leg!
High reliability, redundancy and fail-to-safe mechanisms required!
New approaches to component redundancy as
well as preventive maintenance are required.
17
Ship-shore coordination
Ship operator needs a central operations centre ashore.
Coordination with other entities when necessary:
Other (autonomous) ships
Pilot, VTS …
General ship reporting (FAL, SOLAS)
SAR
… New operational principles and procedures are required. Human factor is a challenge in shore side
remote operations.
18
Legal and contractual issues
Who is in charge of the ship – no master ?
Flag state jurisdiction without master ?
COLREGS ?
Insurance and liability ?
Safety at sea – SAR ?
…
A major challenge: It will take time before we see the first fully autonomous ship!
19
Piracy and hostile interference
Reduction of attractiveness
No crew to ransom
Cargo cannot easily be moved
Ship can be tracked
Countermeasures
Secure communication
Multi-layer navigation system
Fail to safe when communication fails
Protected access to control of ship
Address the challenges:Fit the use cases to the restrictions !
20
Berth Departure Transit Approach Berth
Select:
Long deep-sea-voyage
Low risk cargo
Slow steaming attractiveness
Avoid complications near shore
Dry bulk ship on inter-continental voyage.LNG as fuel?
21
Content
Introduction to MUNIN
Rationale for unmanned ships
Main problems with unmanned ship
Application in other domains
Conclusion and summary
22
Limitations in communication services: Fallacies of distributed
computing assumptions
The network is reliable.
Latency is zero.
Bandwidth is infinite.
The network is secure.
Topology doesn't change.
There is one administrator.
Transport cost is zero.
The network is homogeneous.
L. Peter Deutsch, SUN Microsystems
We need better methods to integrate QoS of communication in distributed
systems design.
23
The right level of autonomyDegree of autonomy
Degree of uncertaintyFlexible, known response
Simple and robust
Constrained freedom
Full freedom
Fail to safe
Automatic
Autonomous
Intelligent
Emergency stop
Route keeping
Collision avoidance
Onboard route planning
MUNIN Focus
Remote control
None
Shore side operation centre
Need a good method for responsibility sharing between AS
and human control
24
Organisation of a Remote Control Centre
General case (Assumptions)1 SCC per 100 vessels
1 operator per 6 vessels1 supervisor per 30 vessels (5 operators)1 relieve operator (with workstation for 6 ships) per 30 ships1 situation room per 30 vessels1 engineer per 30 vessels1 captain per 30 ships
25
26
Manage risk
Define manageable use cases
Remove complexity
Simplify operations
Provide redundancy
Quantify risks
Verify assumptions
…
Fail to safe
SCC: Initiate recovery
27
Content
Introduction to MUNIN
Rationale for unmanned ships
Main problems with unmanned ship
Application in other domains
Conclusion and summary
28
Is the autonomous ship possible?
Technology is mostly available: Need to be integrated and improved
Integration in maritime transport system is a challenge: Shore, other ships, SAR
Legal issues and liability clearly a potential show stopper today
29
What can be transferred to other industry ?
General methods for design of industrial autonomous systems
Effects of communication QoS, better models of wireless QoS
Share of responsibilities between autonomous system and remote control: Level of autonomy?
Design of remote control centres
Risk reduction strategies
30
… and afterwards to full scale tests!
Thank you for your attention!