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Cell Stiffness: Next Gen Biomarker for
Disease?
4
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CellsDiscovered by Robert Hooke in 1665.
Basic structural, functional and biological unit of living organism.
Smallest unit of life that can replicate.
Building blocks of life.
Types of Cell
Cell Organelles
Neurons
Bone cells
Epithelial cells
Muscle cells
Cell is the basic unit of life.
Cells Tissues Organs Human Body
Human Body: Multiscale Biomaterial
System
Functions Intracellular Transport
Cellular Division
Cytoskeleton of Cell
MicrofilamentActs as tracks of myosin that helps in muscle movement.
Intermediate FilamentMaintains cell shape by bearing tensionAnchors cell organelles
MicrotubulesIntracellular transport, mitotic spindle
Components Of Cytoskeleton
Normal Cell Reproduction
controlledCommunicate with
other cells through chemical signals
Shows cell adhesion
Ability of self destruction
Cancer Cell Reproduction
uncontrolledLoss in ability to
communicate
No ability of cell adhesion
Loss in ability of programmed death
Normal Cell vs Cancer Cell
Abnormal conditions
Pathological conditions
What is Disease?
Clinical diagnosis
Laboratory diagnosis
Radiology diagnosis
Principle diagnosis
Prenatal diagnosis
Biopsy
Methods of disease diagnosis
Response….
Response….
Capability of an object to resist deformation in response to applied force.
Caused by inhomogeneous distribution of cytoskeletal structure.
Fibroblast – 1 micronVascular smooth muscle cells >> 2 micron
What is Cell Stiffness??
Red blood cell membrane stiffness is observed in malaria.
Invasive tumour cells mechanically soften.
Measurement of cancer cell stiffness have shown strong correlation between cell deformability and cell malignancy.
Examples….
Young’s Modulus – A parameter for
cell stiffness measurement
How to Measure Cell Stiffness??
Atomic Force Microscopy
The AFM in a Nutshell
Atomic Force Microscopy probe indentation: simplest, easiest, most popular method.
Summary…
The mechanical properties of cells may potentially be used in clinical diagnostics and even therapy of certain types of diseases.
Research is on…………………..
http://www.mumbaimirror.com/others/sci-
tech/Spotting-disease-by-gauging-cell-stiffness/
articleshow/24283334.cms
A.B.Verkhovsky,T.M.Svitkina, and G.G. Borisy J.
Cell Sci., 110: 1693-1704, 1997
Credits
http://www.chemistrydaily.com/chemistry/upload/thumb/9/9c/350px-Atomic_force_microscope_block_diagram.JPG
S. Suresh, J. Spatz, J.P. Mills, A. Micoulet, M. Dao, C.T. Lim, M. Beil, T. Seufferlein Acta Biomaterialia 1, 15–30, 2001
G. Bao, S. Sureseh, Nature Materials, 2, 715, 2003
Thank You!