sculpture

SCULPTURE

GROUP IIINTRODUCTION TO HUMANITIES

SCULPTUREEtymology

• The term of "sculpture" comes from Latin word"sculpere" which means to cut or remove pieces with astone.

Definition

• Sculpture is a three-dimensional form constructed torepresent a natural or imaginary shape.

U.P Oblation

Methods of Sculpture

• Subtractive Process- Carving, unwanted materials are removed.

• Additive Process- Modeling, Casting, Construction

Carving

• Carving - removing portions of a block of materials to create a form.

• Can use stone, plaster, wood, ivory, glass, ice, chocolate…

• Can be done by hand or with power tools.

Modeling

• Modeling - using a pliable materials such as clay or wax the artist shapes the material into a 3D form.

• Can be done by hand or with tools.

Casting

• Casting - liquid material is poured into a mold to create a form.

• Mold - the form into which the material is poured.

• Any material that hardens can be used for casting; i.e. metal, slip, plaster, plastic resins

• One of the oldest and most common is bronze.

Construction

• Constructed sculpture - forms are built from materials such as wood, paper, string, sheet metal, and wire.

• Welding, gluing, nailing materials together

Types of Scuplture

1. Full Round

2. Relief

3. Linear

4. Kinetic

5. Assemblage

Venus of Willendorf, Paleolithic. 30,000 BCE

Free-Standing or Full Round Sculpture

• It inhibits three-dimensional space in the same way that living things do.

• Sculpture in the round cannot be appreciated from only a single viewpoint but must be circled and explored.

• Full Round• Relief• Linear• Kinetic• Assemblage

Roman bronze reduction of

Myron'sDiscobolus, 2nd century AD

Terracotta Warriors and Horses


Relief Sculpture

• A relief sculpture grows out of flat, two-dimensional background, and its projection into three-dimensional space is relatively shallow.

• The back of the relief sculpture is not meant to be seen, the entire design can be understood from a frontal view.


High Relief Bass Relief


Akhenaten- New Kingdom (1350 BCE) Centaur & Laptih relief,

metopes, Parthenon


LINEAR SCULPTURE

• Linear sculptures emphasizes construction with thin, tubular items such as wire or neon tubing.


Kinetic Sculpture• A kind of structure where the parts or a certain part are/is

movable.


Assemblage Sculpture

• A kind of structure where in the elements present are just assemble from things that are found in the surrounding.


Traditional Sculpture Materials

• Marble

• Stone and Bronze

• Wood

• Clay

• Metal

Marble

• Marble is extremely hard

• It is also very durable

• Appropriate for monuments and statues

• Stone tools include the chisel, mallet, and rasp.

• Artists, also, use contemporary power tools

'Handel', by Louis François Roubiliac, 1738

Stone and Bronze

Wood

• Wood can be carved, scraped, drilled, and polished, laminated, and bent.

• Different woods have a different hardness and grain.

• Wood appeals to sculptures because of its grain, color, and workability.

• Wood is lighter and easier to carved than stone.

Carved Pulpit of San Agustin Church

Metal

• Sculpture can be created by cutting metals with shears and snips, by firing and hammering metals, or by joining metals with sheet metal screws, rivets and soldering. More advanced techniques involve brazing, oxyacetylene welding, arc and heli-arc welding and fabrication of more complex forms.

HistorySculptures of ancient empires recorded both religious and

political life.

Artisans of

these cultures

often used

techniques and

methods that

continued

unchanged for

centuries.

Statue of Memi and Sabu, Old KingdomMenkaure and his queen, Egypt, 2550

B.C.

Sculpture of Ancient Greece and Rome is one of the greatest

achievements of Western Art

This work often focused on perfecting the

human form.

During this same time, distinct sculptural traditions

developed in other areas of the world.

During the Renaissance, artists again looked to

perfecting the human form.

Michelangelo sought to release the

image that was “locked” in the stone.

Artists continued to work in this style into

the 20th century

•Edmonia Lewis, one of the

only female African

American sculptors of the

time, sculpted figures that

represent both the beauty

of the human figure while

presenting thought

provoking content.

In the 19th and early 20th century, artists shifted from

portraying realistic figures in favor of distorted and

abstracted forms.

Auguste

Rodin

This abstraction of form carried on into

the 20th century.

Henry Moore

Constantin

Brancusi

Some artists shunned traditional materials and methods

and created entirely new types of sculptures.

Robert

Rauschenburg

Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen

Contemporary artists continue to redefine

sculpture as an art form.

Andy Goldsworthy Sandy Skoglund

END

Hope you have enjoyed the presentation

and

learned a lot today!

God Bless

sculpture

Art & Photos

threedimensional form

term of sculpture

unwanted materials

block of materials

pliable materials

sculpture forms

wood appeals

bronzewood wood