sécuritésanitaire en élevage avicole en climat chaud : quelles ...€¦ · 110 mg de chaque...
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Sécurité sanitaire en élevage
avicole en climat chaud :
quelles stratégies de
prévention ?
• Alain Réocreux September 2014
• Olmix France
Nanotechnology applications
in
Animal Feeds
Eco Concept
• M T.X+ Toxin Binder
• M Feed Natural Growth Promoter
LMPC
UMRCNRS 7016
ab
c
Amadeite®, the origins to his industrial applications
Discovered in 2005 by Olmix in France
LMPC
UMRCNRS 7016
Collaboration between Olmix, LPMC and CEVA
LMPC
UMRCNRS 7016
LMPC
UMRCNRS 7016
Why using Montmorillonite?
ab
c
Na+
Na+
Ca2+
Ca2+
Na+
Ca2+
oxygen
silicon
aluminium and
magnesium
hydroxyl or
oxygen
Net negative charge of the layers
Interlayer cations
Amadeite™, the origins to his industrial applicationsAmadeite® , the origins to its industrial applications
Why using biopolymers extrated from seaweeds?
LMPC
UMRCNRS 7016
Seaweeds
Amadeite™, the origins to his industrial applicationsAmadeite® , the origins to its industrial applications
Specific biding of big size mycotoxins such as Fumon isines, Trichothecenesand zearalenone
Amadeite™, the origins to his industrial applications
LMPC
UMRCNRS 7016
LMPC
UMRCNRS 7016
montmorillonite
Na+
Na+
Ca2+
Ca2+
Na+
Ca2+
+
Why using clays and biopolymers extrated from seaweeds?
biopolymers
Amadeite® , the origins to its industrial applications
Opening of the interlayer spaces allowing the entrance of the big size mycotoxins in the structure
and their binding by adsorption on the internal surfaces.
Removal of the limiting factor
NO
YES
A wide spectrum of adsorption
CLAY ACTIVATION: THE P.I.L.C REVOLUTIONCLAY ACTIVATION: THE P.I.L.C REVOLUTION
housing feeding
Médical attentions préventives mesures
management
Breeder
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
CONTROL
feeding
MYCOTOXINS AND IMMUNITY
constat
Worldwide view : every country is concerned
Contamination level worldwide
Occurrence of mycotoxins, some data:
East Europe, Hungary
Mycotoxin contamination in grain samples. Rafait et a l, 2000. Feed additives and Contaminants
Occurrence of mycotoxins, some data:
East Europe, Hungary
Mycotoxin contamination in grain samples. Rafait et a l, 2000. Feed additives and Contaminants
Mycotoxins doesn’t end in the feed!
• Transferred into eggs, milk …
• Decrease quality of food ( changes in lipid profiles, antioxidant
concentrations…)
• Affect blood composition
JE Dvorska Veterinary Medicine department University Ukraine-WPC July 2008 Australia
Sources of mycotoxins
• Feed : plant + storage + in shed. ( 80% ) (Feed International 2008 Ref Guide)
• Airbone contamination ( 20%) (University Beijing International Animal Hygiene Conference Estonia)
• Bedding – Litter ( Feed + airbone ) ( USDA Research Center Texas USA WPC 2008 )
Multiple toxic effects of mycotoxins
Symptoms AFB1 DON T2 tox. FB1 OTA ZEA
Anorexia + +++ +++ + + 9
Growth +++ +++ ++ + + 10
Liver damage +++ ++ + 6
Kidney damage + +++ 4
Abortion + ++ 3
Infertility +++ 3
Vulvovaginitis +++ 3
Pulmonary oedema +++ 3
Immunomodulation +++ ++ ++ +++ + + 12
10 8 7 12 7 9
Two ways of contamination Two ways of contamination
AIRBORNE INHALATION
FEED CONSUMPTION
19
Dynamism of the aerosol systemDynamism of the aerosol system
MICROORGANI SMS
E ndotoxins
MycotoxinsStable gas and malodorous
g as molecules
F eed partic les /mucus
droplets form aerosols
Source:
bedding materiel, feces, condensation in the shed, feed.
• Dominant microorganisms involved bacteria, fungi…
• More damage with solid ammonia on a vector as dust than ammonia gaz
• Organic dust (feces, food,…) present higher risk of contamination than mineral dust (Guillam et al., 2007)
Airborne contamination in dustAirborne contamination in dust
Airborne contamination by mycotoxinAirborne contamination by mycotoxin
Mycotoxins can enter the birds 2 times, 3x, 4x,…
1, 2, 3, 4 x…
1
Feed
Ventilation
4
Faeces2
3
Litter
Condensation
5
Mycotoxins Dust sample (ng/g = ppb)
Aflatoxine B1 18 - 60
Deoxynivalenol (DON) 120 – 390
Ochratoxin A 24 - 78
T-2 toxin 18 - 60
Zearalenone (ZEA) 42 - 140
Airborne contamination by mycotoxinAirborne contamination by mycotoxin
Example of contamination:
« Mycotoxins in the ventilation systems 4 school in Finland »
(Hintika et al., 2009)
…Imagine in poultry farming…
Airborne: modulation of immune
responsiveness of poultry ( WPC2008 Australia )
• Important consequences of airborne on :
– Vaccine mangement
– Disease resistances
– Performances of industrial kept chickens
HK Parmentier,G.De Vries, A Lammers , B Kemp Wageningen University Holland
Cytokines
production
Cytotoxicity
Cellular response
Clonal
expansion
The antigenThe antigen--specific immune responsespecific immune response
Antigen
Antibody
production
Humoral response
Antigen Presenting Cells
B lymphocytes T lymphocytes
+/
-
+/
-
FB1 (Taranu et al., 2005)
--
DON (Pinton et al., 2008)
DON
MIGRATION?
DON and phagocytics cellsDON and phagocytics cells
(INRA/AFSSA, Waché et al., 2009)
IL - 8
CELLULAR
COOPERATION?
DON inhibits strongly the neutrophile IL –8 release
a,b,c,d (P <0.05)
d
a
c
dd d d
b
IL –
8 co
ncen
trat
ion
(pg/
ml)
DON (µM) 0 0 0,5 1 2 5 10 50
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
control LPS (10 µg/ml)
DON inhibits protein synthesis
Mechanism of action of DONMechanism of action of DON
For example, in hepatocyte (Doell et al., 2009):
• secreted protein (31 – 42 %)
• cellular protein (39 - 47 %)
TO DAY WE KNOW ONLY THE TOP OF THE
ICEBERG ( nano )
Contamination level
AF B1 AF B2 AF G1 AF G2
1 µg / mg of MTOX
99,5 97 97 96,5
2,5 µg / mg of MTOX
100 98,5 99,5 98
5 µg / mg of MTOX
99 95 98 94
In vitro tests
Trial protocol :Mise en solution dans un mélange KCl : 0,05 M – HCl 0,013 M ( V/V ) à pH 2,35 des différentes mycotoxines afin de réaliser une gamme de concentration à 3 niveaux de l’ordre de 10 à 50 µg/ml par molécule.110 mg de chaque support est mis en contact avec 1 ml ces différents niveaux de concentrations dans un tube conique.Après agitation au vortex, ces tubes sont placés à l’étuve à 38 + / - 1°C pendant 1 heure sous agitation par retournementAprès remise à température ambiante, centrifugation à 1500 Tr / mn pendant 5 mnInjection de 10 µl du surnageant dans un système de Chromatographie Liquide Haute Performance ( HPLC ) avec détection Fluorimétrique ( selon normes AFNOR ).Identification et Quantification des molécules retrouvées dans le surnageant
Ref : LDA 22
France 2002
Binding capacity of MTox Plus on Aflatoxins
In vitro tests
Binding capacity of MTox+ on DON and Zearalenone
Ref : In vitro test, Utrecht University, NL, 2002
ZearalenoneIntestinal adsorption %
MTox + batch 1 62MTox + batch 2 72MTox + batch 3 69
DONIntestinal adsorption %
MTox + batch 1 59MTox + batch 2 61MTox + batch 3 65
Results presented at World Myctoxins
Forum USA
Fumonisin
The bioaccessibility of fumonisin
from contaminated pig feed was
strongly inhibited by the
addition of Amadéite at the
levels of 0.01% and 0.1%.
A reduction of 50% to 60% of
the bioaccessibility of
fumonisin. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0.00%
-jej
0.01
%-je
j0.
10%
-jej
0.00
%-il
0.01
%-il
0.10%
-il
0.00
%-to
tal
0.01
%-to
tal
0.10
%-to
tal
Abs
orbe
d am
ount
of f
umon
isin
(ug)
Results presented at World Myctoxins
Forum USA
0
5
10
15
20
25
0.00
%-je
j0.
01%-je
j0.
10%
-jej
0.00
%-il
0.01%
-il0.
10%
-il
0.00
%-to
tal
0.01
%-to
tal
0.10
%-to
tal
Abs
orbe
d am
ount
of D
ON
(ug)DON
A strong inhibition of absorption
of DON was found by the addition
of Amadéite at the level of 0.1%.
The reduction 40% in comparison
to the control.
Yeast cell walls Diatomaceous earthMontmorillonite
+ +
=
Spectrum of Activity
AFLATOXINS
OCHRATOXINS
ZON
DON
FUMONISIN
T-2
CLAYS
YEAST CELL WALL
Aluminosilicates
• NOT ALL THE CLAYS ARE ALIKE
Opening of the interlayer spaces allowing the entrance of the big size mycotoxins in the structure
and their binding by adsorption on the internal surfaces.
Removal of the limiting factor
NO
YES
MT.X+
A wide spectrum of adsorption
CLAY ACTIVATION: THE P.I.L.C REVOLUTIONCLAY ACTIVATION: THE P.I.L.C REVOLUTION
Mycotoxins
Take home messages
SIGNIFICANCE TO CHICKEN HEALTH
OF THE IMMUNE IMPACT OF MYCOTOXINS
Susceptibility to infectious disease
Reactivation of chronic infection
Vaccination efficacy
Therapeutic efficacy
Mycotoxins synergy
enemies N°1
ImmunityMycotoxins
ppb
• High prevalence in feed
• Strong synergy with aflatoxine
• Strong effect on vaccine responses
The immune system of your animal
your best partner
keep it in a good shape
but keep it silent
Asia
TRIAL RESULTS
Effects of MT.X+ inclusion in the diet on health and performance of broilers in Vietnam
Asia
TRIAL RESULTS
Effects of MT.X+ inclusion in the diet on health and performance of broilers in Vietnam
M TX+ AND LAYING HENSMalaysia Singapore 2007
• 6 months trial
• 100 000 layers
• 2 sheds involved
• 1kg MT.X+ / ton ( = 40gr MT.X+/hen / year )
Asia
TRIAL RESULTS
Effects of MT.X+ on the performance of laying hens in Malaysia - 2007
M TX+ AND LAYING HENSMalaysia Singapore 2007
• Cracked eggs reduced by 30% ( 1.1 - 0,75)
• Dirty eggs by 15% ( 10.87 9.22)
Why Zearalonone is phyto-oestrogenic
MTX+ in Hatchery
• Vaishnavi Breeding Farms Ltd, Dr.Ghuge S.B Director
• Warwati, Ambajogai,
• India.
MTX+ in Hatchery
• Reference with MT.x+ used in our farm.
• It’s very please to say you that MT.x+ done very good job for saving our economical losses in breeders.
• We have got nice results :
MTX+ in Hatchery
•We observed that wrinkle eggs and
shell-less eggs come down
• Our hatchery eggs percentage also
improved by 2.3%.
MTX+ in Hatchery
• In hatchability percentage : we improved our hatchability up to 2%
• We save cull percentage by 1.5% where as standard 2.0%.
• Cumulative hatchery performance
improved by 3.5%.
M TX+ : Toxin binder
New Generation Nanotechnology
AWARD - Malaysia 2007
THE IN & OUT ECO CONCEPT ABF
Respiratory water 3 300 g
Ingested water 6 500 g
Evaporated Water from litter
1 600 g NH3 23 g
N2 N2O
Feed 3 600 g 118 g
N retained 60 g Water retained 1400g
Faeces droppings 57 g N
1850 g water Litter losses
Manure Per broiler
1 100 g 275 g water
33 g N New litter Ex : straw 250 g/bird * = 38 g water + 1,5 g N
1,6 liter of water / bird must evaporate from the litter
MAIN NH3 AND WATER EXCHANGE FOR A 1.9 KG BIRD
* 20 birds / m2 de 1,9 kg [ C= 1,9 water / feed = 1,8
20 000 Chickens = 40 tons of droppings ~ 30T water
+ 36tons of water through respirationMistral Diaporama poultry 1005
Oocysts in faeces spread the infection.
Coccidiosis is increasingly being acknowledged as a major cause of diarrhoea in chickens.
LITTER management & LITTER management & COCCIDIOSIS CONTROLCOCCIDIOSIS CONTROL
Easy Application : feeders& drinkers
M FEED NANOTECHNOLGY
FOR VECTORING OF METALLIC IONS
Mecanism of action : 3 ways
59
Cu 2+
Cu 2+
Property of M Feed
Structural copperat the end of the layer will act on the enzyme co-factor
Cu2+
M Feed
1 - DECREASES & CONTROLS VIABLE
COUNTS OF INTESTINAL
CLOSTRIDIUM , E COLI
M Feed
2 - BOOSTS ENZYME ACTIVITY of
gastrointestinal secretions
63
Enzymatic catalysis : Mecanism of action
Cu2+ co-factor
M FEED
co-factor
Step 3
Molecule for hydrolysis
A-B(A-B)
General information
co-factor addition (Cu 2+)
Cu2+
64
co-factor
Step 4
water
Step 5
co-factor
Final product after enzymatic hydrolysis
(A and B)
AB
co-factor regeneration
Cu2+Cu2+
enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzymatic catalysis : Mecanism of action
M FEED Results
• A - AMYLASE in small intestine
• B - 2 times more amylase ( 18 versus 9 Somoguy units)
M FEED Results
• A - PROTEASE in small intestine
• B 25% increase with Cu MMT versus control or CuSO4
M FEED Results
• A - LIPASE in small intestine
• B 60% increase with Cu MMT versus control or CuSO4
M Feed
3 - IMPROVES INTESTINAL
MUCOSAL MORPHOLOGY
A BLEND OF NATURAL FEED ADDITIVES (BNFAM FEED ) AS
PERFORMANCEENHANCER IN
BROILERS
Catherine G. Mangabat
MS Animal Science
University of the Philippines Los Baños
“A responsible and ethical feed industry for a sustainability in animal productions”October 30, 2009Hotel Windsor Suites, Bangkok Thailand
Effect of M FEED on villi height
Villus height control Cu SO4 M FEED
Duodenum 695b 702b 786a
Jejinum 810b 821b 939a
Ilium 585b 579b 681a
IN CONCLUSION
Mycotoxins under control
No safety measure
Economic losses
Climate changes = favor fungi
•Mycotoxins in feed : today the core problem
– Not a disease , a situation we have to deal with daily
No choice , Need to adapt
Climate changes : need to adapt
Thanks for your attention