search is more than just google
DESCRIPTION
Edited presentation given at a workshop for the North Wales Libraries Partnership (NWLP) on June 19th, 2013. Held in the John Spalding Library, Wrexham.TRANSCRIPT
Search is more than just GoogleUsing the Internet for Research in a Digitally
Literate Age
Karen BlakemanRBA Information Services, [email protected]
http://www.rba.co.uk/as/
NWLP, Wrexham
19th June 2013
This presentation is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License
Fact sheets
Fact sheets and articles on search strategies are available at http://www.rba.co.uk/search/
Fact sheets are free of charge
– Search Strategies - Top Search Tips http://www.rba.co.uk/search/TopSearchTips.shtml
– Search Strategies - Selected Google Commands http://www.rba.co.uk/search/SelectedGoogleCommands.shtml
– Search Strategies - Google Search Tips http://www.rba.co.uk/search/GoogleSearchTips.shtml
– Search Strategies - Search Tools Summary and Comparison http://www.rba.co.uk/search/compare.shtml
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Gary's Social Media Count | PERSONALIZE MEDIA http://www.personalizemedia.com/garys-social-media-count/
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Where Did All The Search Traffic Go http://www.buzzfeed.com/aswini/where-did-all-the-search-traffic-go
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Referrals from Facebook and Google to publishers on the BuzzFeed NetworkImage by Aswini Anburajan
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“Traditional search engines are becoming less important. If I want images I'll go to Pinterest or Flickr rather than Google or Bing. If I'm on Facebook I'll do a search there to find what I need and go straight off to it .....if it's news, I'll get that directly from Twitter and jump straight to a site that's linked, if I need to see what is happening in the profession I'll get that data pulled up for me by one of my tablet based news curation tools, and if I want most of anything else, I'll search for it using an app if I'm out and about.”
Phil Bradley's weblog: Is search traffic dropping? http://philbradley.typepad.com/phil_bradleys_weblog/2013/05/is-search-traffic-dropping.html
Depends what you want and where you are physicallyand digitally
Pick up news on multiple platforms - Twitter, Facebook, RSS - all depends on whether I am in the office or on the
I want to know about a local community festival – Facebook friends, groups and pages
On the move – use mobile apps, voice search
Mobile for quick questions – next train, nearest pub, weather
Laptop/desktop for more in depth research? [Discussions at Prague INFORUM]
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Depends on the topic
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http://www.business2community.com/google-plus/is-google-really-the-2nd-most-popular-social-network-0518140
Is Google+ Really The 2nd Most Popular Social Network?
Google+ probably not intentionally used by searchers. Reviews of hotels found via Google Maps are on Google+
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http://searchengineland.com/4-mobile-search-trends-tackled-at-smx-west-2013-151657
4 Mobile Search Trends Tackled At SMX West 2013
“mobile search has grown to a quarter (25%) of all search….predict that by the end of 2013, a mobile device will be behind 1 out of every 3 searches.”
Desktop Search Activity Hits All-Time High In March: 20+ Billion Searches [comScore] – US data
http://searchengineland.com/desktop-search-activity-hits-all-time-high-in-march-20-billion-searches-comscore-155649
Voice search getting better
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Google Now http://www.google.co.uk/landing/now/
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Google Now: Taking the Search Out of Search - Search Engine Watch http://searchenginewatch.com/article/2273399/Google-Now-Taking-the-Search-Out-of-Search
Apple Makes Bing The "Default Search Engine" For Siri http://searchengineland.com/apple-makes-bing-the-default-search-engine-for-siri-162736
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In the “cloud”
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Federated search engines
Integration of institutional collections & external services e.g. Google Scholar and repository searches
Learning resources accessible both on and off site
Internal documents, communications, personal files and searches
Everything!
“Bring your own device” - BYOD
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http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/1947315
Users more technologically savvy
More powerful, affordable mobile devices
Ever available self-service cloud
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Whatever, whenever and wherever you want
Desktop/laptop vs mobile
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Different positioning of search options and menus
Some search features may not be present
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http://theknowledgecore.wordpress.com/2013/01/20/are-we-right-to-be-concerned-about-millennials-and-is-it-for-the-right-reason
/
– “Don’t confuse tech savvy, tethering to mobile technology and an intimate relationship with Facebook, with transferable knowledge and skills around social networking and communication”
– Twitter, Wikis and blogging not necessarily second nature
– Lack of communications skills
– Lack of analytical skills & critical thinking
[Millennials – millennial generation, born between 1980 and 2000,
“Generation Y”]
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Emphasis on the personal
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Bing gets personal
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Social is everywhere
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Five things you need to know about Google
1. Google personalises your search based on– location
– past searches
– past browsing activity
– activity in other areas of Google e.g. YouTube, image search, news
– content from contacts in your personal networks may be given priority
– what you and others have ‘liked’, g+1
– the device you are using
Five things you need to know about Google
1. Google personalises your search
Non-personalised search Personalised search
How to “un-personalise” your search
Chrome - New Incognito window – Ctrl+Shift+N
FireFox - File, New Private Window– Ctrl+Shift+P
Internet Explorer – Tools, InPrivate Browsing [location varies depending on which version you have]
– Ctrl+Shift+P
Opera – File, New Private Window– Ctrl+Shift+N
Safari – click on Safari next to the Apple symbol in the menu bar, select Private Browsing and then click on OK.
Will not remove country “personalisation”
Five things you need to know about Google
2. Google automatically looks for variations on your search terms and sometimes drops terms from your search
– Google does not tell you it has ignored some of your terms
– “..” around terms, phrases, titles of documents does not always work
– Use Verbatim – runs your search exactly as you have typed it in
– To force an exact match and inclusion of a term in a search prefix it with ‘intext:’
• UK public transport intext:biodiesel
Five things you need to know about Google
3. Google web search does not search everything it has in its database
– two indexes: main, default index and the supplemental index
– supplemental index may contain less popular, unusual, specialist material
– supplemental index comes into play when Google thinks your search has returned too few results
– using Verbatim and advanced search commands seems to trigger a search in the supplemental index
Five things you need to know about Google
“Normal” search1,555,500
Search after Verbatim is applied35,500,000
Five things you need to know about Google
4. Google changes its algorithms several hundred times a year– How Google makes improvements to its search
algorithm - YouTube http://youtu.be/J5RZOU6vK4Q
Five things you need to know about Google
5. We are all Google’s lab rats
– Google constantly tests changes on users in “live experiments”
– Just Testing: Google Users May See Up To A Dozen Experiments
• http://searchengineland.com/just-testing-google-searchers-may-see-up-to-a-dozen-experiments-141570
– Mostly minor effects on search but sometimes totally bizarre results
• Google decides that coots are really lions http://www.rba.co.uk/wordpress/2011/02/12/google-decides-that-coots-are-really-lions/
• Update on coots vs. lions http://www.rba.co.uk/wordpress/2011/02/21/update-on-coots-vs-lions/
What I see on my screen may not be what you see on your screen, may not be what your colleagues see on theirs, may not be
what your users see.
Choosing your search terms
Google automatically looks for synonyms and variations on your terms
– biofuels will find biodiesel, biogas, bio-ethanol etc.
– but do not get the same results if you use biodiesel instead of biofuels
– run separate searches using alternative terms
– no information on how the synonyms are identified or implemented
The terms you use can radically change results– copper mining north wales vs. copper extraction north wales
– organ donation vs human transplantation
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Changing your search terms
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Changing your search terms
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Two interesting tricks
Both of these often change the results and the order in which they are presented
Repeat important search terms in your search strategy
renewable energy biofuels wave wind wind wind
Change the order of your terms
renewable energy biofuels wave wind
wind renewable wave biofuels energy
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Google commands
" " around phrases
"Metadata mega mess in Google Scholar"
- to exclude a term Caversham –otago
* to stand in for one or more words
macular * degeneration
Picks up: macular degeneration
macula lutea degeneration
macular disciform degeneration
macular choroidal degeneration
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Synonyms
Google automatically looks for variations of your terms
Switch it off using Verbatim but may want synonyms and related terms for just one of your terms
Use the tilde ~ before a term to look for what Google considers are synonyms
– ~energy will pick up oil, fuel, gas, electricity
No information/documentation on how synonyms are created
Very general, consumer focussed rather than scientific
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Google commands
Think file format– PDF for research documents, government reports, industry
papers– ppt or pptx for presentations, tracking down an expert on a topic– xls or xlsx for spreadsheets containing data
Use the advanced search screen or the filetype: command zeolites environmental remediation filetype:pdf dangerous dogs legislation wales filetype:ppt dangerous dogs legislation wales filetype:pptx annual average global temperature 1960..2012 filetype:xls
annual average global temperature 1960..2012 filetype:xlsx
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Google commands
Site searchFor searching large websites, or groups of sites by type for example government, NHS, academic
Can exclude sites using -site:
Use advanced search screen or site: command
organ donation statistics Wales site:nhs.uk
organ donation statistics Wales site:ac.uk
organ donation statistics site:wales.gov.uk
organ donation statistics Wales -site:au
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Google commands
Numeric range search
Anything to do with numbers and quantities: years, temperatures, weights, distances, prices etc
Use the advanced search screen or type in your two numbers separated by two full stops as part of your search
world oil demand forecasts 2015..2030
world oil demand forecasts 80..100 mb/d 2015..2030
toblerone 1..5 kg
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Google commands
Words in the title – can be single words or phrases
Ensures subject is the main focus of the article
Use advanced search screen or intitle:intitle:”organ donation”
intitle:organ intitle:donation
allintitle:organ donation [unreliable]
Words in the URL – can be single words or phrases
Use advanced search screen or inurl:inurl:”organ donation”
inurl:organ inurl:donation
allinurl:organ donation [unreliable]
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Google Reading level
Changes the type of material that is returned
Nothing to do with publishers assigned reading age
Run the search and from the menu above the results select Search tools, All results, Reading level
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Google Reading level
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Basic Advanced
Exclusive to Google.com – recipes!
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Nutrition facts
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Information from Wikipedia and USDA
Date
Restrict your results to information that has been published within the last hour, day, week, month, year or your own date range
Search tools, Any time and select an option
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daterange:
Date restriction does not work with Verbatim
Use daterange: command instead
Uses Julian date format (fractions omitted)
Julian Date Converter http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/JulianDate.php/
Easier to use third party, for example http://gmacker.com/web/content/gDateRange/gdr.htm, for the daterange: search and then Verbatim to the results
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Google alternatives – Yahoo and Bing
Yahoo now uses Bing’s database, commands and ranking algorithms
Bing advanced search screen minimalist - use commands.
List at Advanced Operator Reference
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff795620.aspx
filetype: site: inbody: inurl:
AND, NOT, OR parentheses for complex Boolean searches
NEAR:n where n is a number, specifies that the terms must be within that number of words of each other and in any order
- banana NEAR:3 toffee
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Google alternatives
DuckDuckGo – does not track, does not personalise
http://duckduckgo.com/
site: inbody: intitle: filetype:
sort:date to sort by date (uses results from Blekko)
region:cc (e.g. de) to boost a country
DuckDuckGo Syntax
http://help.duckduckgo.com/customer/portal/articles/300304
Blekko http://www.blekko.com/
Million Short – omits the most "popular" sites from results
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Wolframalpha
http://www.wolframalpha.com/
Computational knowledge engine, curated data
Click Examples, Random, or an image in the homepage background to get an idea of what it covers
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Where is information shared and discussed?
“Conventional” web publishing
Institutional repositories
Comments section on articles
Linkedin (professional issues)
Facebook (personal and consumer focussed)
Twitter (great for following conferences)
Google+ (personal, business and communities)
Blogs and blog comments
YouTube
Flickr
Discussion boards
…. everywhere….
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Which ones should you consider
Depends on the nature of your “business” and type of enquiry
Where do you, organisations similar to you , or your competitors have a presence?
Some search tools for searching across multiple networks– Not very reliable
– Networks may restrict access via APIs
Better results searching direct- may need to sign up for an account
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Topsy.com
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whostalkin.com
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Icerocket.com
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Blogs– Google Blogsearch http://www.google.com/blogsearch/
Twitter– Twitter Search http://search.twitter.com/
– Advanced Twitter Search http://twitter.com/search-advanced
Discussion boards, forums– Run your search in Google, click on More in the menu at the top
of the results page and from the drop down menu select Discussions
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Paper.lihttp://paper.li/
Create a “newspaper” from your Twitterstream, Google+ account, Facebook, or for a hashtag or keyword
Sign in with your Twitter or Facebook account– set up a separate account if you prefer for use with
Paper.li, a “nom de plume”
Automatically identifies articles, videos, photos from links in postings
All papers are public
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Paper.lihttp://paper.li/karenblakeman/1321447614
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General starting points for business information
Business Sources on the Net http://www.rba.co.uk/sources/
BL - Business Essentials on the Web
http://bl-business-essentials.wikispaces.com/ – “a one-stop shop for website listings for entrepreneurs and SMEs
covering.... ‘business planning’, ‘grants and finance’, ‘marketing
and PR’ as well as industry specific pages.”
British Library Business & IP Centre in London Industry guides
http://www.bl.uk/bipc/dbandpubs/Industry%20guides/industry.html
Library & Information Service ICAEW
http://www.icaew.com/en/library
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Starting points for statistics
Official Statistics on the Webhttp://www.offstats.auckland.ac.nz
UK National Statistics Publication Hubhttp://www.statistics.gov.uk/
Office for National Statisticshttp://www.ons.gov.uk/
Welsh Government | Statisticshttp://wales.gov.uk/topics/statistics/?lang=en
Welsh Assembly Government StatsWaleshttp://statswales.wales.gov.uk/
data.gov.uk http://data.gov.uk/
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European Union - Open Data Portal http://open-data.europa.eu/open-data/
EU launches public beta of its open data portal – http://www.rba.co.uk/wordpress/2013/01/08/eu-launches-public-
beta-of-its-open-data-portal/
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Guardian Data Store http://www.guardian.co.uk/data
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Data and analysis on topics that are in the newsSome data sets created from information obtained via FoILinks to the original datasets are provided
Dog bites data: how likely are you to get bitten? http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2013/mar/27/dog-bites-data
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Google Public Data Explorer
http://www.google.com/publicdata/
One of Google's best kept secrets!
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UK Government Web Archive | The National Archives http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/webarchive/
Browse by category or choose your organisation from an A-Z listChoose the date of the archived version of the website you want to view
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Digital Education Resource Archive (DERA) http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/
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Research information and open access
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Mandated open access
US
All research publications resulting from work funded by the US National Institutes of Health are expected to be deposited in PubMed Central (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/)
– some material embargoed for up to 12 or 24 months (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/)
– Europe PubMed Central (http://europepmc.org/) part of PMC network of international repositories
UK
1st of April 2013 - researchers at UK Research Institutions are expected to publish as open access any peer‐reviewed research papers and conference proceedings that acknowledge Research Council UK funding
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Gold versus Green OA
Gold OA– researchers publish their articles in journals that offer open
access publishing (can be established “conventional” publishers)– articles can be made available free of charge to readers
immediately – author or institution/department pays article processing fee
Green OA – researchers deposit copies of articles in an institutional or
subject-based repository, subject to copyright/license permissions
– repository makes copies available to the public either immediately or embargoed (more common)
– period of embargo varies (for example http://cdn.elsevier.com/assets/pdf_file/0018/121293/external-embargo-list.pdf)
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Problems
Different types of open access with different embargo periods
Different licenses– CC-BY (UK Gold)
– CC-BY-NC (UK Green)
Gold open access– lack of funds to pay for publication in publication of first choice
– assessors and administrators may use Gold as a measure of impact
– Why UK Open Access Threatens Academic Freedom http://www.chasingdragons.org/2013/05/why-uk-open-access-provisions-threaten-academic-freedom.html
Not all journals have an open access option
Non peer reviewed “open access” journals and articles
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Grey literature
Literature that has been “peer reviewed” or assessed/approved in some way by colleagues or subject experts but is not easy to find or access
Print run may have been small, possibly never published electronically
Published on the web but page or site is no longer available. (Use web archives e.g. http://www.archive.org/).
Research & technical papers, government reports, pre-prints, market surveys, press releases, committee papers, conference papers, presentations
Use advanced search commands to try and track down information
GreyNet International, Grey Literature Network Service
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Google Scholar
http://scholar.google.com/
“Google Scholar provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. From one place, you can search across many disciplines and sources: articles, theses, books, abstracts and court opinions, from academic publishers, professional societies, online repositories, universities and other web sites. Google Scholar helps you find relevant work across the world of scholarly research”.
• Search all scholarly literature from one convenient place
• Explore related works, citations, authors, and publications
• Locate the complete document through your library or on the web
• Keep up with recent developments in any area of research
• Check who's citing your publications, create a public author profile
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Google Scholar
Does not cover all key journals in all subjects – no source list
Top publications for subjects and languages under Metrics link on home page or http://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?view_op=top_venues&hl=en
Scholar indexes the full text but you may have to pay to view the whole article
Groups different versions of an article together
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Google Scholar
Includes open access material, pre-prints, institutional repositories (but not necessarily author self archived repositories)
Includes material that is NOT peer reviewed but is structured and looks like an academic article (title in large font, authors, affiliations, abstract, keywords, citations)
Pre-prints and IR copies may differ from final published version – charts and images may be redacted because of copyright restrictions
If you can’t find a free version of an article in Scholar or in an Institutional repository (see later) search on the title in Google web or ask the author
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Jacsó, Péter. “Metadata mega mess in Google Scholar.” Online Information Review 34.1 (2010): 175-191.
Jacsó, Péter. Newswire Analysis: Google Scholar’s Ghost Authors, Lost Authors, and Other Problems http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6698580.html
Jacsó, Péter. “Google Scholar Author Citation Tracker: is it too little, too late? “Online Information Review 36.1 (2012): 126-141.
Jacsó, Péter. “Using Google Scholar for journal impact factors and the h-index in nationwide publishing assessments in academia–siren songs and air-raid sirens.” Online Information Review 36.3 (2012): 462-478.
Jacso – Savvy Searching Columns, Online Information Review http://www2.hawaii.edu/~jacso/savvy-mcb.htm
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Gray, Jerry E., et al. Scholarish: Google Scholar and its Value to the Sciences.
Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship. Summer 2012
http://www.istl.org/12-summer/article1.html
Hamilton, Michelle C, Janz, Margaret M and Hauser, Alexandra. Can librarians
trust resources found on Google Scholar? Yes… and no. Impact of Social
Sciences: Maximizing the impact of academic research .17 September 2012.
http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2012/09/17/can-science-students-and-researchers-trust-resources-found-on-google-scholar-yes-and-no/
Kramer, Bianca and Sieverts, Eric. Beyond coverage #ili2012. Slideshare. 27
October 2012. http://www.slideshare.net/bmkramer/beyond-coverage-ili2012
HLWIKI International. Google scholar bibliography. UBC HealthLib Wiki - A
Knowledge-Base for Health Librarians.
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Google Scholar advanced search commands
Use advanced search screen or commands as follows:
+ sign before a search term to force an exact match
“....” around phrases
intitle: to search for a single word in the title allintitle: to search for all of your terms in the title author: to search on an author’s name site: to limit your search to specific institution Commands can be combined for a precise search
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Microsoft Academic Search
http://academic.research.microsoft.com/
Journal articles, pre-prints, post-prints, conference proceedings, reports and white papers
Free to use but the full text of some papers can only be viewed on payment of a fee to the original journal publisher
Author may have several different profiles and articles may be assigned to wrong author
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Microsoft Academic Search
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Note: G and H index have now disappeared
Microsoft Academic Search
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Institutional repositories and open access
BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine http://www.base-search.net/
CORE (COnnecting Repositories) http://core.kmi.open.ac.uk/search
DART-Europe E-theses Portal http://www.dart-europe.eu/basic-search.php
Institutional Repository Search (IRS) http://irs.mimas.ac.uk/
Open DOAR http://opendoar.org/
RIAN - Pathways to Irish Research http://rian.ie
ROAR - Registry of Open Access Repositories http://roar.eprints.org/
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Specialist search tools for research information
A selection can be found at http://www.rba.co.uk/search/links.shtml#research
ArXiv http://arxiv.org/
BioMed Central http://www.biomedcentral.com/
Chemistry Central http://www.chemistrycentral.com/
ChemSpider http://www.chemspider.com/
Deep Web TechnologiesMednar http://mednar.com/Science.gov http://www.science.gov/Science Research http://scienceresearch.com/WorldWideScience http://worldwidescience.org/
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Specialist search tools for research information
Europe PubMed Central http://europepmc.org/
Mendeley http://www.mendeley.com/
Open Biology http://rsob.royalsocietypublishing.org/
PhilPapers: Online Research in Philosophy http://philpapers.org/
PubMed Central http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
Scirus http://www.scirus.com/
TechXtra http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/
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Article may be OA but public access outside of the institution may be difficult
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Walk-in Access Wales http://walkinaccesswales.wordpress.com/
JSTOR http://ww.jstor.org/
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Author/researcher ID
Bring Your Own Identity (BYOI)
ResearcherID http://wokinfo.com/researcherid/
Open Researcher and Contributor Identifier - ORCID http://orcid.org/ – Why Every Researcher Should Sign Up For Their ORCID ID– http://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/2013/01/09/why-every-researcher-should-
sign-up-for-their-orcid-id/
ResearchGate http://www.researchgate.net/ – Why I’m Evaluating ResearchGate– http://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/2013/02/06/why-im-evaluating-
researchgate
......and there are more!
Is a prolific researcher going to sign up to Google Scholar and all of these?
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Keeping up to date
Search Engine Land http://searchengineland.com/
Search Engine Watch http://searchenginewatch.com/
Karen Blakeman’s Blog http://www.rba.co.uk/wordpress/
Phil Bradley's weblog http://philbradley.typepad.com/
Digital Developments at LSE Library http://lselibrarydigidev.blogspot.co.uk/
LSE Blogs http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/ for example– http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/healthandsocialcare/– http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/clt/ (Centre for Learning Technology)
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