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Page 1: SEARCH STRATEGIESSEARCH STRATEGIES THE...5 Principles of searching Use Key / Text words Use Index terms / Subject headings Construct a search strategy Use Boolean (AND, OR & NOT) operators

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SEARCH STRATEGIESSEARCH STRATEGIES

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EBM Steps…EBM Steps…

Formulating an answerable question

Converting the question into search strategy

….

Formulating an answerable question

Converting the question into search strategy

….

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Process of Finding the Evidence

Process of Finding the Evidence

Formulate a clinical question

Devise a search strategy

Identify appropriate sources

Effective use of sources

Formulate a clinical question

Devise a search strategy

Identify appropriate sources

Effective use of sources

Databases are different, familiarize your selfDatabases are different, familiarize your self

CoveredCovered

Identify the key terms which define your questionIdentify the key terms which define your question

Type of research and which database will give best answer to your question

Type of research and which database will give best answer to your question

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SOURCES: PRIMARY OR SECONDARYSOURCES: PRIMARY OR SECONDARY

No need to re-invent the wheel Secondary Sources

• Some body else did the heavy work• Searching• Critical appraisal• User’s friendly presentation

No need to re-invent the wheel Secondary Sources

• Some body else did the heavy work• Searching• Critical appraisal• User’s friendly presentation

At times you will have to look for

Primary Sources

At times you will have to look for

Primary Sources

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Principles of searching

Use Key / Text words

Use Index terms / Subject headings

Construct a search strategy

Use Boolean (AND, OR & NOT)

operators

Use Key / Text words

Use Index terms / Subject headings

Construct a search strategy

Use Boolean (AND, OR & NOT)

operators

↑ SENSITIVE↑ SENSITIVE COMPLEMENT EACH OTHER

COMPLEMENT EACH OTHER

↑ SPECIFIC↑ SPECIFIC

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KEY / TEXT WORDS

These are words or phrases that can appear in the TItle,

ABstract [TIAB] and other areas of the PubMed reference.

KEY / TEXT WORDS

These are words or phrases that can appear in the TItle,

ABstract [TIAB] and other areas of the PubMed reference.

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Medical Subjects Heading: MeSHMedical Subjects Heading: MeSH

MeSH is NLM's controlled vocabulary used for indexing articles for MEDLINE/PubMed

MeSH terminology provides a consistent way to retrieve information that may use different terminology for the same concepts

MeSH is NLM's controlled vocabulary used for indexing articles for MEDLINE/PubMed

MeSH terminology provides a consistent way to retrieve information that may use different terminology for the same concepts

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MeSH (contid)MeSH (contid)

MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) assigned by human indexers to most

references in PubMed Indexers use the most specific MeSH

that appropriately describe the contents of the article

Usually there are several MeSH given to each article

MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) assigned by human indexers to most

references in PubMed Indexers use the most specific MeSH

that appropriately describe the contents of the article

Usually there are several MeSH given to each article

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MeSH (contid)MeSH (contid)

PubMed automatically tries to find a MeSH for each term entered in a search

A MeSH search will find all the articles that have that particular Subject Heading

A search on the MeSH Anti-Bacterial Agents will find•Anti-Bacterial Agents•Antibiotics•Antitubercular•Antitreponemal

PubMed automatically tries to find a MeSH for each term entered in a search

A MeSH search will find all the articles that have that particular Subject Heading

A search on the MeSH Anti-Bacterial Agents will find•Anti-Bacterial Agents•Antibiotics•Antitubercular•Antitreponemal

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INDEXINGINDEXING

Bibliographic Databases

Prospective Studies Prospective Studies

Uremia Uremia

Mortality Mortality

Kidney Failure, Acute Kidney Failure, Acute

Renal Dialysis Renal Dialysis

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Boolean Operators Boolean Operators

Are AND, OR and NOTThey MUST be capitalized in a

search Use when searching for more

than one concept

Are AND, OR and NOTThey MUST be capitalized in a

search Use when searching for more

than one concept

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“AND” logic is used to find references to

articles that have both the terms linked by

AND

“AND” logic is used to find references to

articles that have both the terms linked by

AND

Boolean OperatorsBoolean Operators

“OR” logic finds references that have

either term linked by the OR, or both the terms.

“OR” logic finds references that have

either term linked by the OR, or both the terms.

OtitisEarache NOT

Earache NOT OtitisEarache NOT Otitis

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ExampleExample

In adult patients with osteoarthritis are COX2 inhibitors compared to traditional NSAID more effective in controlling pain?

In adult patients with osteoarthritis are COX2 inhibitors compared to traditional NSAID more effective in controlling pain?

One of your residents asked you:Should we stop prescribing traditional NSAID to patients with osteoarthritis, and shift to the selective COX2 inhibitors?

One of your residents asked you:Should we stop prescribing traditional NSAID to patients with osteoarthritis, and shift to the selective COX2 inhibitors?

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COMBINED TERMS SERACHINGCOMBINED TERMS SERACHING

MeSH TERMS SEARCHINGMeSH TERMS SEARCHING

TEXT WORDS SEARCHINGTEXT WORDS SEARCHING

POPULATIOPOPULATIONN

INTERVENTIOINTERVENTIONN

COMPARISOCOMPARISONN

OUTCOMEOUTCOME

osteoarthritisosteoarthritis NSAIDNSAID Pain controlPain controlCOX2 inhibitorsCOX2 inhibitors

POPULATIOPOPULATIONN

INTERVENTIOINTERVENTIONN

COMPARISOCOMPARISONN

OUTCOMEOUTCOME

Osteoarthritis[MeSH]Osteoarthritis[MeSH]

Antiinflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal[MeSH]

Antiinflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal[MeSH]

COX2-Inhibitors[MeSH]COX2-Inhibitors[MeSH]

Pain[MeSH]Pain[MeSH]

POPULATIOPOPULATIONN

INTERVENTIOINTERVENTIONN

COMPARISOCOMPARISONN

OUTCOMEOUTCOME

OsteoarthritisOR

Osteoarthritis[MeSH]

OsteoarthritisOR

Osteoarthritis[MeSH]

NSAID

ORAntiinflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal[MeSH]

NSAID

ORAntiinflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal[MeSH]

COX2 inhibitorsOR

COX2-Inhibitors[MeSH]

COX2 inhibitorsOR

COX2-Inhibitors[MeSH]

Pain control

ORPain[MeSH]

Pain control

ORPain[MeSH]

ANDAND ANDANDANDAND

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PubMedPubMed

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OverviewOverviewMEDLINE covers

Medicine

Nursing

Dentistry

Veterinary medicine

Health care system

Preclinical sciences

Approximately 16 million records dating back to the mid-1950's

From over 5,000 current biomedical journals

MEDLINE covers Medicine

Nursing

Dentistry

Veterinary medicine

Health care system

Preclinical sciences

Approximately 16 million records dating back to the mid-1950's

From over 5,000 current biomedical journals

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DATABASESDATABASES

SEARCH BOXSEARCH BOX

FEATURES TABSFEATURES TABS

SIDE BARSIDE BAR

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LET’S TRY ITLET’S TRY IT.Antibiotics in the treatment of earache

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.

Author(s)

Title of article

PubMed IDAbbreviated journal title…etc

RESULTS SCREENRESULTS SCREEN

The search found only 61 articles on a topic where many more would be expected

The search found only 61 articles on a topic where many more would be expected

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RESULTS SCREENRESULTS SCREEN

OPTIONS IN THE RESULTS SCREEN OPTIONS IN THE RESULTS SCREEN

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.Otitis AND antibiotics

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√√

5 years

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√√√√

√√

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MeSH SEARCHINGMeSH SEARCHING

.

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otitis

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.

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.

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.

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.

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.

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.

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.

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Otitis AND antibiotics

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.

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√√

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THE CLIP BOARDTHE CLIP BOARD

√√

√√

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.

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THE HISTORY OPTIONTHE HISTORY OPTION

United Arab Emirate

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Congenital anomalies

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.

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#1 AND #2

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COMBINED TERMS SERACHINGCOMBINED TERMS SERACHING

OUTCOMEOUTCOMECOMPARISONCOMPARISONINTERVENTIONINTERVENTIONPOPULATIONPOPULATION

OsteoarthritisOR

Osteoarthritis[MeSH]

OsteoarthritisOR

Osteoarthritis[MeSH]

NSAID

ORAntiinflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal[MeSH]

NSAID

ORAntiinflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal[MeSH]

COX2 inhibitorsOR

COX2-Inhibitors[MeSH]

COX2 inhibitorsOR

COX2-Inhibitors[MeSH]

Pain control

ORPain[MeSH]

Pain control

ORPain[MeSH]

ANDAND ANDANDANDAND

In adult patients with osteoarthritis are COX2 inhibitors compared to traditional NSAID more effective in controlling pain?

In adult patients with osteoarthritis are COX2 inhibitors compared to traditional NSAID more effective in controlling pain?

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SEARCHING PubMed USING

PICO

SEARCHING PubMed USING

PICO

http://askmedline.nlm.nih.gov/ask/pico.php

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osteoarthritis

Cox2 inhibitors

pain

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PRACTICE MAKES PERFECTPRACTICE MAKES PERFECTBUT, NO BODY IS PERFECT…BUT, NO BODY IS PERFECT…

SO WHY PRACTICE ?SO WHY PRACTICE ?