searches for supersymmetry at the tevatron
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Searches for Supersymmetry at the Tevatron. Liverpool HEP Seminar Thursday 15th December 2005. Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool. “Supersymmetry”, by Karl Hager From the artist’s website http://www.cassetteradio.com/cubagallery/hagen.htm - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Searches for Searches for Supersymmetry at the Supersymmetry at the
TevatronTevatron
Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
Liverpool HEP SeminarThursday 15th December 2005
“Supersymmetry”, by Karl Hager
From the artist’s websitehttp://www.cassetteradio.com/cubagallery/hagen.htm
“…I try to leave the intention minimized while maintaining an element of exploratory desperation.”
http://www.cassetteradio.com/cubagallery/hagen.htm
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
3 OutlineOutline
•Supersymmetry
•The Tevatron and its experiments
•Searching for Chargino and Neutralino
•Conclusions •Outlook
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
4Supersymmetry: Supersymmetry: IntroductionIntroduction
• New symmetry fermions-bosons: SM fermion SUSY boson SM boson SUSY fermion
• Ideated to cancel quadratic divergencies in the Higgs self coupling energy
• Sparticles not observed in nature => Susy must be broken!
H H
f
f
H H
f
f~
~
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
5 Supersymmetry: modelsSupersymmetry: models• Different mechanisms of susy breaking lead to different models
Model Name Breaking mechanism and
scale
Parameters
MSSM Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
>100
mSugra,cMSSM
Minimal SupergravityConstrained MSSM
Gravity (GUT) M0,M1/2,A0,tan
sgnor
GMSB Gauge Mediated Symmetry Breaking
Gauge messengers (10 TeV)
m,Mm, tan, N5, sgn(), Cgrav
AMSB Anomaly Mediated Symmetry Breaking
“conformal anomaly”
M3/2,m0(other term),tansgn
Determines the SUSY Mass spectrum!
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
6
G~G
Supersymmetry: particlesSupersymmetry: particles
2sLBp 1)(R ++−=R-Parity Quantum
Number->
+1 (SM particles)
-1 (Susy particles)
3. Rp (RPV): LSP decays into SM particles
i
i4 neutralinos
2 charginos
1. mSugra and AMSB: LSP, stable 2. GMSB: G LSP,stable
~
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
7 Supersymmetry: why ?Supersymmetry: why ?•Solves “Hierarchy Problem”
•Provides Grand Unification Theory at the 1016 GeV scale
•Consistent with results from Precision Data fits
New Top Mass172.7
GeV/c2
•Rp Conserving models provide good Dark Matter
Candidate (LSP)
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
8Supersymmetry & Supersymmetry & Dark Dark
MatterMatter
M1/2
(GeV)
M0(GeV)
• Evidence for Dark Matter galaxy rotation fluctuations in the cosmic
microwave background (WMAP)
• In mSugra and with Rp conserved and EW radiative corrections, 4 main regions where neutralino fulfills the WMAP relic density
•bulk region (low m0 and m1/2)
•stau coannihilation region m mstau
•hyperbolic branch/focus point (m0 >> m1/2)
•funnel region (mA,H 2m)
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
9Supersymmetry & Supersymmetry & Dark Dark
MatterMatter
M1/2
M0
•bulk region (low m0 and m1/2)
•stau coannihilation region m mstau
•funnel region (mA,H 2m)
•hyperbolic branch/focus point (m0 >> m1/2)
H. Baer, A. Belyaev, T. Krupovnickas, J. O’Farrill,
JCAP 0408:005,2004
HOWEVER: MORE OPTIONS WITH LESS CONSTRAINED
MODELS
• Evidence for Dark Matter galaxy rotation fluctuations in the
cosmic microwave background (WMAP)
• In mSugra and with Rp conserved and EW radiative corrections, 4 main regions where neutralino fulfills the WMAP relic density
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
10
Wide range of signatures: look for SuSy specific signatures or
excess in SM ones; examples:
Supersymmetry: how ?Supersymmetry: how ?
Large Missing Energy ET
Isolated leptons
Multijets
Diphotons
:
€
˜ q ˜ g GMSB:
2 LSPs
Rp : LSP
10101212
1010
101044
(fb)(fb)
Remember : VERY SMALL cross sections !!
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
11 The TevatronThe Tevatron
p p at ECM 1.96 TeV
• High Luminosity Tevatron 1 fb-1!
• CDF and D0 running at high efficiency
Mar01-Jul04
350pb-1
design goal
base goal
Still long way to go!
Charginos and Charginos and NeutralinosNeutralinos
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
13 Why Charginos and Why Charginos and Neutralinos ?Neutralinos ?
•They are light (~ 100-500 GeV/c2) Squarks and gluinos too heavy for the Tevatron
•They decay giving striking signaturesIn mSugra : 3 isolated leptons + ET
In GMSB : 2 photons + ET
In AMSB : long-lived particlesIn Rp models : >3 leptons
(and many more signatures in each model depending on the parameters !)
/
/
/
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
14
Higgsinos and gauginos mix
CHARGINOS NEUTRALINOS
pp
~
1±
~02
~01
~01
l
l
l
ν
Low background Easy to trigger
LOW MODEL DEPENDENCE
Striking signature at Hadron Collider,
THREE LEPTONSIn mSUGRA Rp conserved scenario,LARGE MISSING TRANSVERSE ENERGY
from the stable LSP+ν
The trilepton signalThe trilepton signal
GOLDEN SIGNAL AT THE TEVATRON !!
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
15 Existing Limits : LEPExisting Limits : LEP
Theoretically forbidden
LEP I Precision measurements
Chargino-Limits
Slepton Limits
SM Higgs Limits
(i.e. M1(GUT)=M2(GUT)=M3(GUT)=m1/2)
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
16 ADLO exclusion plotsADLO exclusion plots
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
17 Chargino-Neutralino Chargino-Neutralino production… production…
~02
~
1±
W*
q
q
t-channel interferes destructive
ly
q
'q
~
q
~02
~
1±
Low cross section (weakly produced)
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
10-3
1
10-2
10-1
10 SUSY (pb) vs sparticle mass(GeV/c2) for
√s=1.96 TeV
T. Plehn, PROSPINO
Tevatron sensitive to the BULK region in WMAP data
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
18 ……and decayand decay
~01
~02
Z*l
l
~02
l
l~
l ~01
~
1±
ν
l~
l ~01
~
1±
l
ν~
ν ~01
~01~
1±
W*ν
l
Leptons of 1st, 2nd generation
are preferred
Leptons of 3rd generation
are preferred
Best reach for the Tevatron for mass sleptons~mass
chargino=> BR (3l) enhanced
Chargino Decay
Neutralino Decay
Trileptons at CDFTrileptons at CDF
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
20 How to investigate How to investigate thethe different different scenarios?scenarios?
Low tan
region
High tan
region
sensitive to leptonic
decay
sensitive to hadronic decay
CHANNEL STATUS TRIGGER PATH
+ e/ reported High pT Single Lepton
ee +/e reported High pT Single Lepton
+ e/ Ongoing Low pT Dilepton
e + e/ Ongoing High pT Single Lepton
e + e/ Ongoing Low pT Dilepton
e + track
Ongoing Low pT Dilepton
e + track
Ongoing Low pT Dilepton
ee + track
reported Low pT Dilepton
Low tan scenario tan=5 , 38%
High tan scenario tan=20, 100%
Acceptanceimprovement
High pT data-sample benchmark
to understand low pT data-sample
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
21 Event kinematicEvent kinematic
Chargino and Neutralino
prompt decay
Leptons
separated in space
EWK rangeTypical SUSY leptons
Leading leptonNext-To-Leading lepton
Third lepton
Lepton pT (GeV)
)()( 01
02 mm −≡Δ∝ mp T
Lepton pT thresholds
trilepton analyses 20,8,5 GeV
dielectron + track analysis 10,5,4 GeV
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
22
Missing Transverse Energy(MET)
e
Finding SUSY at CDF Finding SUSY at CDF CENTRAL REGION
Had Calorimeter
Muon system
Drift chamber
Em Calorimeter
=0=1
Recover loss in acceptance due to cracks
in the detector if we accept
muons with no hits in the Muon Chamber
Real MET Particles escaping detection ()
Fake MET Muon pT or jet ET mismeasurementAdditional interactionsCosmic ray muonsMismeasurement of the vertex
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
23 Backgrounds Backgrounds
HEAVY FLAVOUR PRODUCTION
Leptons mainly have low pT
Leptons are not isolated
MET due to neutrinos
DRELL YAN PRODUCTION + additional lepton
Leptons have mainly high pT
Small MET
Low jet activity
DIBOSON (WZ,ZZ) PRODUCTION
Leptons have high pT
Leptons are isolated and separated
MET due to neutrinos
irreducible background
e
ν
pp
ee
pp
The third lepton
originates from
conversion
pp
0 The third lepton is a fake lepton
e
e
BackgroundsBackgrounds
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
24 Analysis StrategyAnalysis StrategyCOUNTING EXPERIMENTCOUNTING EXPERIMENT
• Optimise selection criteria for best signal/background value;
• Apply selection criteria to the data
• Define the signal region and keep it blind
•Test agreement observed vs. expected number of events in orthogonal regions (“control regions”)
•Look in the signal region and count number of SUSY events !! Or set limit on the model
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
25Selection criteria: (I) Selection criteria: (I)
MassMassRejection of J/,
and ZDimuon events
Mll<76 GeV & Mll>106 GeV
Mll> 15 GeV
min Mll< 60 GeV
(dielectron+track analysis)
# d
imu
on
pai
rs
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
26(II) DeltaPhi(l,l) + Jet (II) DeltaPhi(l,l) + Jet
vetovetoAnalysis
Kinematic Variable
Kinematic Cut
Trilepton analyses
Jet ET > 20 GeV
n. Jets < 2
Dielectron + track
analysisHT= ∑jetETj
HT < 80 GeV
Rejection of DY and high jet multiplicity
processes
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
27 (III) MET selection(III) MET selection
…Still BLIND !
Kinematic CutExample SUSY Signal
TOT BACKGROUND
Number of trilepton events
0.480.02
2.850.27
Invariant Mass0.420.0
21.060.18
Jet Multiplicity
0.420.02
1.040.18
MET0.370.0
20.090.03
Trilepton Analysis (muon based) L=346 pb-1
Further reducing DY by MET > 15 GeV
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
28Understanding of the Understanding of the
DataDataEach CONTROL REGION is investigated with different jet multiplicity to check NLO processes with 2 leptons requirement (gain in statistical power) with 3 leptons requirement (signal like topology) Control
Region with 2
Total predicted background
Observed data
Z veto, high MET, n. Jets < 2
522 79 538
Z mass, high MET, n. Jets >
1
1.9 0.9 2
Z mass window
3178 541 3168
Trilepton Analysis (muon based) L=346 pb-1
Invariant Mass 15 76 106
10
15
??
Z + fakeDY +
Diboson M
ET
SIGNAL REGION
Very good agreement between SM prediction and observed data
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
29 Systematic uncertaintySystematic uncertainty
Major systematic uncertainties affecting the measured number of events
Signal
Lepton ID 5%
Muon pT resolution 7%
Background
Fake lepton estimate method 5%
Jet Energy Scale 22%
Common to both signal and background Luminosity 6% Theoretical Cross Section 6.5-7%
Z->ee MC
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
30 Results !Results !Look at the “SIGNAL” region
AnalysisTotal
predictedbackground
Example SUSYSignal
Observed data
Trilepton (+l) 0.090.03 0.370.05 0
Trilepton(ee+l)
0.170.05 0.490.06 0
Dielectron+track
0.480.07 0.360.27 2
DY WW/ZZ WZ/* t-tbar
0.250.17
0.062 0.024
0.0320.00
5
0.0100.00
7
Details about the
dielectron + track analysis
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
31
Leading electrone+, pT = 41 GeV
Next-to-leadinge-, pT = 12 GeV
MET, 45 GeVIsolated track, pT = 4 GeV Muon?
Candidate event ?Candidate event ?
Mass OS1 41.6 GeV
Mass OS2 27.0 GeV
In the dielectron + track analysis, we observe one interesting event
Trileptons at DOTrileptons at DO
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
33 DO detectorDO detector
=1.0=0
=2.0
=3.0=1.0
=3.6
•Coverage to muons up to eta~2
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
34Chargino and Neutralino in Chargino and Neutralino in 33+E+ETT
In mSUGRA:3 leptons+ET
xBR~0.2 pbVery clean signature
SM background very small !
Selection SM expected OBSERVED
ee+t 0.21±0.12 0
et 0.31±0.13 0
t 1.75±0.57 2
±± 0.64±0.38 1
e+t 0.58±0.14 0
+t 0.36±0.13 1
SUM 3.85±0.75 4
M(e (GeV/c2)
6 analyses:
-2l(l=e,,)+isolated track or
ET and topological cuts (M,Δ,
MT)
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
35 Chargino Neutralino Chargino Neutralino
LimitsLimitsmSUGRA: M(±)≈M(02) ≈2M(01)
“3l-max”
• M( ) > M(02)• No slepton mixing
Limits : xBR < 0.2 pb M(±1)>116 GeV/c2
“Heavy Squarks”• M(±)≈M(02)3M(q)
xBR < 0.2 pb M(±1)>128 GeV/c2
“Large m0”• M()>>M(02 ,±) No sensitivity
~~
Start testing above LEP limit for mSUGRA-but LEP Model
Independent !!
A0=0
~~ ~
~
~ ~ ~
~
~ ~~
~mSugra optimis
tic scenari
o
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
36Summary and Outlook: Summary and Outlook:
Chargino and Neutralino in Chargino and Neutralino in mSugramSugra
TRILEPTONS SIGNAL: • CDF and D0 analysed first half of data and observed no excess :(• Set limit already beyond LEP results ! (although model dependent )• 1 fb-1 of data collected and ready to be analysed M() <170 GeV) • With 4-8 fb-1 by the end of RunII we should be sensitive to Chargino masses up to ~250 GeV and xBR ~ 0.05-0.01 pb !!
Ellis, Heinemeyer, Olive, Weiglein,
hep-ph\0411216
Favoured by EW
precision data
Charginos and Charginos and NeutralinosNeutralinosin GMSBin GMSB
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
38 Why Charginos and Why Charginos and Neutralinos ?Neutralinos ?
•They are light (~ 100-500 GeV/c2) Squarks and gluinos too heavy for the Tevatron
•They decay giving striking signaturesIn mSugra : 3 isolated leptons + ET
In GMSB : 2 photons + ET
In AMSB : long-lived particlesIn Rp models : >3 leptons
(and many more signatures in each model depending on the parameters !)
/
/
/
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
39Motivation: Run I CDF Motivation: Run I CDF
EventEvent•Run I event:
2 e, 2 and Et=56 GeV SM expectaction: 10-6 Events
•Interpretations in GMSB: Selectron Chargino/Neutralino
•Visible in inclusive diphoton Et spectrum
•Searched by Tevatron Run II, LEP and HERA
Phys.Rev.Lett.81:1791-1796,1998
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
40 Chargino Neutralino in Chargino Neutralino in ++EETT
D0(CDF) Event selection:-2 photons ET -> 20(13) GeV
-ET>40(45) GeV
In GMSB: 2 photons+ET
CDF‡ and D0# combined result:m(±)>209 GeV/c2
‡Phys.Rev.D.71,3
031104(2004) #Phys. Rev. Letters 94, 041801(2005)
~
SM Expected OBSERVED
D0 3.7±0.6 2
CDF 0.3±0.1 0
Charginos and Charginos and NeutralinosNeutralinosin AMSBin AMSB
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
42 Why Charginos and Why Charginos and Neutralinos ?Neutralinos ?
•They are light (~ 100-500 GeV/c2) Squarks and gluinos too heavy for the Tevatron
•They decay giving striking signaturesIn mSugra : 3 isolated leptons + ET
In GMSB : 2 photons + ET
In AMSB : long-lived particlesIn Rp models : >3 leptons
(and many more signatures in each model depending on the parameters !)
/
/
/
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
43 Charginos in AMSB Charginos in AMSB In the AMSB scenario (01 LSP)• ±1 is the NLSP (Next-to-Lightest-Supersymmetric Particle)• lives long enough to decay outside the detector;
•c and the BR depend almost entirely upon the mass difference ±1-01
M(
±1-> 01
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
44 Champs Champs CHArged Massive stable Particles:
-electrically charged-massive->speed<<c-lifetime long enough to decay
outside detectorEvent Selection:-2 muons Pt> 15 GeV, isolated-Speed significantly slower than c
No SM Background!!->from DATA
Expected OBSERVED
0.66±0.06 0
~
100 GeV Staus 100 GeV Higgsino-like
Chargino 100 GeV Gaugino-like
Chargino
~
Limits in AMSB:
champ = ±
M(±1)>174 GeV/c2
Charginos and Charginos and NeutralinosNeutralinos
in Rp violatingin Rp violating
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
46 Why Charginos and Why Charginos and Neutralinos ?Neutralinos ?
•They are light (~ 100-500 GeV/c2) Squarks and gluinos too heavy for the Tevatron
•They decay giving striking signaturesIn mSugra : 3 isolated leptons + ET
In GMSB : 2 photons + ET
In AMSB : long-lived particlesIn Rp models : >3 leptons
(and many more signatures in each model depending on the parameters !)
/
/
/
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
47 R Parity Violation R Parity Violation
• RPV tested in Production and Decay of SUSY particles
´211
u-
d
-~
-
d-´211
u
-
+~01
~133 122
Resonant sparticle production
-> ’ijk couplingSelection:
2jets+2isolated ’s ’211
RPV decay of LSP(01) -> ijk
couplingSelection: 3 (=e,)+ET+channel dependent cuts121 ->(eeee,eee,ee+νν
122 ->(,e,ee) +νν
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
48 RPV Neutralino DecayRPV Neutralino Decay• Model:
R-parity conserving production => two neutralinos
R-parity violating decay into leptons
One RPV couplings non-0: 122 , 121
• Final state: 4 leptons +Et
eee, ee, e, 3rd lepton Pt>3 GeV Largest Background: bb
• Interpret: M0=250 GeV, tan=5
Obs. Exp.
eel (l=e,)
0 0.5±0.4
l (l=e,)
2 0.6+1.9-0.6
122>0121>0
m(+1) >165 GeVm(+1) >181 GeV~~
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
49 R Parity Violation R Parity Violation LimitsLimits
(L=154 pb-1)’211
(L=160 pb-1)122 M(0(+)1)>84(165) GeV/c2
(L=238 pb-1)121 M(0(+)1)>95(181) GeV/c2
(L=200 pb-1)133 M(0(+)1)>66(118) GeV/c2
EXP OBS
1.1±0.4 2
EXP OBS
0.6±1.9
0.5±0.4
1.0±1.4
2
0
0
All improve on Run I
tan,A0=0,
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
50Non-collider LSP Non-collider LSP
searchessearches
See talk from Bergstrom at SUSY05
•DAMA, CDMS, Edelweiss,.. Direct LSP detection through nuclear recoil
•Icecube: indirect search for n from LSP annhiliation in the Sun
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
51Chargino-Neutralino: Chargino-Neutralino:
PresentPresent• Lots of searches setting limits on 0(+) masses from different sides
mSugramSugraM(M()>118)>118
GMSBGMSBM(M()>20)>20
99
AMSBAMSBM(M()>17)>17
44
Rp
M()>181
• Getting close to the most favoured masses!
• Still 1 fb-1 to analyse ! => Observe Susy or set better limits Hints from the Tevatron will help LHC to prioritise searches
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
52 The most favoured masses in The most favoured masses in mSugra mSugra
hep-ph/0507283
mtop = 174.3±3.4 GeV/c2
mb(mb)MS = 4.2±0.2 GeV/c2
s(Z)MS =0.1187 ± 0.002BR(b->s) = 3.52±0.42x10-
9
DMh2 = 0.1126±0.009, Δ(g-2)/2 = 19.0 ± 8.4x10-10
Simultaneous variations of M0, M1/2,tan constraining mtop,mb s and using input measurements of b->s, (g-2),DMh2, get the most probable mSugra spectrum
What about the future ?What about the future ?
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
54 SUSY at the LHCSUSY at the LHC
• Ecm of 14 TeV available!!
• Between 1-2 fb-1 in the first year of data taking!
• In typical mSugra scenario, squarks and gluinos dominate => signatures with jets + MET
• Very quick discovery !
What about chargino and neutralino ? (all plots from Ian Hinchliffe, SUSY05)
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
55
SUSY (pb) vs sparticle mass(GeV/c2) for √s=14 TeV
Chargino and Neutralino at Chargino and Neutralino at the LHCthe LHC
• Direct production cross-sections small But could be the only way to
observe SUSY if qg are heavy ! (“focus point”)
• In other regions trileptons signal enhanced from squark-gluino cascade
~~
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
56 Building on leptons…Building on leptons…
•Other possibilities with lepton signatures in mSugra:Jets+MET+leptons -> mass of the sparticles in the cascade
Like-sign dileptons -> still sensitive to chargino-neutralino but also on gluino pair production ! (no jet veto)
R-parity violating scenarios
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
57 ConclusionsConclusions
•Chargino-neutralino are the golden discovery mode at the Tevatron in virtually all the models
•Hints from the Tevatron can give directions to the LHC
•At the LHC, chargino-neutralino production crucial in study the properties of the new sparticles as their masses (but only mSugra considered)
•Exciting times to come !!
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
58 Back-up slidesBack-up slides
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
59
CDMWMAP SN IaJ. Tonry et al
D.N. Spergel et al., Astrophys.J.Suppl.148:213,2003
h2=0.12
SDSS (and 2dFGRS), 2005
Evidence for Cold Dark Matter existance
U. Seljak & al astro-ph/0407372
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
60 Cold Dark Matter Cold Dark Matter from from Bergstrom(SUSY05)Bergstrom(SUSY05)
• Part of the “Concordance Model”, CDM
• Gives excellent description of CMB, large scale structure, Ly-forest, gravitational lensing, supernova distances …
• If consisting of particles, may be related to electroweak mass scale: weak cross section, non-dissipative Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). Potentially detectable, directly or indirectly.
• May or may not describe small-scale structure in galaxies: Controversial issue, but alternatives (self-interacting DM, warm DM, self-annihilating DM) seem worse. Probably non-linear astrophysical feedback processes are acting (bar formation, tidal effects, mergers, supernova winds, …). This is a crucial problem of great importance for dark matter detection rates.
SUSY
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
61Good particle physics candidates for Cold Dark
Matter:Independent motivation from particle physics
• Axions (introduced to solve strong CP problem)• Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs, 3 GeV < mX < 50 TeV), thermal relics from Big Bang: Supersymmetric neutralino
Axino, gravitinoKaluza-Klein statesHeavy neutrino-like particles
Mirror particles”Little Higgs”plus hundreds more in literature…
• Non-thermal (maybe superheavy) relics:wimpzillas, cryptons, …
”The WIMP miracle”: for typical gauge couplings and masses of order the electroweak scale, wimph2 0.1 (within factor of 10 or so)
from Bergstrom(SUSY05)from Bergstrom(SUSY05)
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
62 More on More on Dark MatterDark Matter• From the WMAP results,
in mSugra there are only 4 regions allowed
• Too much DM unless LSP light Annihilation enhanced
Degeneracy or LSP content
• But: If (g-2) is due to SUSY,
the sparticles masses are small ~102 GeV M1/2
M0
However, general MSSM model versions give more freedom. At least 3 additional parameters: , At, Ab (and perhaps several more…)
In particular: special models like split supersymmetry, models with CP violation, etc.
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
63Current constrained Current constrained
regionsregions
a in [10;40]10-10
Higgs mass < 114.1 GeV Collider physics
direct searches for sparticles
Higgs bound
Astrophysics
cold dark matter
Low energy
a
b into s
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
64 Teavatron reach in MTeavatron reach in M00-M-M1212
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
65Indirect constraints on mSugra: Indirect constraints on mSugra:
BBss
• SM rate heavily suppressed:
• SUSY rate may be enhanced:
€
BR(Bs → μ +μ−) = (3.5 ± 0.9) ×10−9
(Buchalla & Buras, Misiak & Urban)
S. Baek, Y.G.Kim, P. Ko, hep-ph/0406033
Complementary to
trilepton searches
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
68Impact of BImpact of Bss Limits: Limits:
Now Now S. Baek, Y.G.Kim, P. Ko, hep-ph/0406033 R. Dermisek, S. Raby, L. Roszkowski,
R. Ruiz de Austri, hep-ph/0507233
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
69Impact of BImpact of Bss Limits: L=8 Limits: L=8 fbfb-1-1
• Will severely constrain parameter space “Tevatron can rule out 29% of parameter space allowed by WMAP
data within mSUGRA.” B. Allanach, C. Lester, hep-ph/0507283
R. Dermisek, S. Raby, L. Roszkowski, R. Ruiz de Austri, hep-ph/0507233
S. Baek, Y.G.Kim, P. Ko, hep-ph/0406033
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
70 JES ScaleJES Scale
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
71Chargino-Neutralino Chargino-Neutralino
masses(mSugra)masses(mSugra)
Little dependence on M0, high on M1/2
M(±) (GeV/c2)
M(02)
(GeV/c2)
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
72 Other massesOther masses
M(chargino)M(slepton)
BR(leptons) enhanced
M(eR) (GeV/c2)
M(eR)-M(±) (GeV/c2)
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
73 Trileptons at D0Trileptons at D0
Selection Main BG Main Systematic
ee+l Zgg,Wenu JES,MC stat
e+l QCD(38%) Wenu,WW,WZ JES(3%),QCD,eff
+l WZ,Wmunu QCD,JES,reco
SUM QCD(m),WZ(e) JES,modelling of qcd bg
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
74 Chargino Neutralino in Chargino Neutralino in ++EETT
D0(CDF) Event selection:-2 photons ET > 20(13) GeV
-ET>40(45) GeV
In GMSB: 2 photons+ET
Limit Main Syst Main BG
D0 195 GeV gID (8%) QCD (70%)
CDF 167 GeV gID (14%) eg(50%)
CDF‡ and D0# combined result:m(±)>209 GeV/c2
‡Phys.Rev.D.71,3
031104(2004) #Phys. Rev. Letters 94, 041801(2005)
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
75 Tau identificationTau identification
- narrow- narrow cluster in central calorimetercluster in central calorimeter-search for matching high-Pt track-search for matching high-Pt track
-define 2 cones 10-define 2 cones 10oo and 30 and 30o o around the trackaround the track-let more tracks to enter in the inner cone-let more tracks to enter in the inner cone
---discard event if there are tracks between the -discard event if there are tracks between the
2 cones2 cones-reconstruct the cluster in the ShowerMax and -reconstruct the cluster in the ShowerMax and
create a create a 00
-select events with mass(-select events with mass(00 ,tracks) < M(tau) ,tracks) < M(tau)
-check E(cal) = sum(P)(tracks+ -check E(cal) = sum(P)(tracks+ 00))
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
76 Susy at the LHC !Susy at the LHC !
• Will generally be found fast!
• But SUSY comes in very many flavours
• Hints from the Tevatron would help on search priorities, e.g. tan large:
3rd generation important (’s, b’s)
R-parity is violated No ET
GMSB models: Photons important
Split-SUSY: Stable charged hadrons
Can setup triggers accordingly
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
77 Mass measurements at the Mass measurements at the LHCLHC
Ian Hinchliffe, SUSY05)
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
78 ……continue…continue…Ian Hinchliffe, SUSY05)
15th December 2005 Giulia Manca, University of Liverpool
79 ……continuecontinue Ian Hinchliffe, SUSY05)