seasonal effects on ground water chemistry of the ouachita mountains data interpretation: drew...
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Seasonal Effects on Ground Water Chemistry of the Ouachita
Mountains
Data Interpretation:
Drew Lonigro
Signatures
• CaHCO3: J,K,N,M (TDS~250-340mg/L)
• NaHCO3: F (low pH, low TDS~60mg/L)
• NaCl: O (low pH, low TDS~30mg/L)
• Site K: Spring flows from a cement basin. This is calcium-bicarbonate water with calcium averaging 37.84% and bicarbonate averaging 91.93%. Calcium has a low percentage due to a relative abundance of other Alkaline Earth Elements; Na, 17.98%, Mg, 33.25% and Sr at about 2ppm. Ammonium levels are also relatively high averaging .32meq/L.
Daily: Site K
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
Ca Mg Na K HCO3 SO4 Cl
Major Ions
% m
eq
/L
701
711
721
731
741
591
781
• Site J: Spring flows from forest floor and rock. This is the strongest calcium-bicarbonate water with calcium averaging 91.54% and bicarbonate averaging 90.72%. This site also gives the highest Uranium and Iron concentrations. Uranium ranges from 5.4x10-6 to 6.4x10-6 meq/L, and Iron ranging from 3.71x10-3 to 8.64x10-3 meq/L.
Daily: Site J
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
Ca Mg Na K HCO3 SO4 Cl
Major Ions
% m
eq
/L
702
712
722
732
742
590
782
• Site M: Warm spring flows from a large cement basin; Contains algae. This is calcium-bicarbonate water with calcium averaging 85.36% and bicarbonate averaging 85.71%.
Daily: Site M
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
Ca Mg Na K HCO3 SO4 Cl
Major Ions
% m
eq
/L
703
713
723
733
743
593
783
• Site F: Spring flowing from a covered culvert. This is barely a sodium-chloride concentrated water with sodium being the dominant cation with an average of 37.62%. Chloride is the dominant anion with an average of 22.53%. Other major ions include: Ca, 24.75%; Mg, 22.48%. This water has a relatively low concentration of TDS; 58.02 to 75.88 mg/L. Also low are the pH levels, 4.0 to 4.5, which yields relatively lower levels of bicarbonate and relatively higher levels of carbonate. Nevertheless, total alkalinity levels are low at <5 mg/L CaCO3.
Daily: Site F
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
Ca Mg Na K HCO3 SO4 Cl
Major Ions
% m
eq
/L
704
714
724
734
744
586
784
• Site N: Hot spring flows from rock. This is calcium-bicarbonate water with calcium averaging 77.79% and bicarbonate averaging 85.27%. This site gives the highest levels for measured specific conductance with an average of 417µS/cm, but interestingly only gives an average of 296.28µS/cm for calculated SC. Other ions of considerable concentration which were not taken into consideration when calculating SC include: Mn with an average of 231.11ppb and Sr with an average of 116ppb. This site also gives the highest concentration of SiO2 with an average of 49.13ppm.
Daily: Site N
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
Ca Mg Na K HCO3 SO4 Cl
Major Ions
% m
eq
/L
705
715
725
735
745
755
765
775
785
• Site O: Spring flows from display fountain. This is sodium-bicarbonate water with sodium averaging 41.87% and bicarbonate averaging 20.25%. Other major ions include: Ca, 29.46%; Mg, 13.44%; Cl, 17.79%; and SO4, 6.94%. Levels of pH are low at this site ranging from 4.6 to 5.3, which yields relatively lower levels of bicarbonate and relatively higher levels of carbonate. Nevertheless, total alkalinity levels are low at 5 mg/L CaCO3. This water also has a relatively low concentration of TDS with an average of 30.08mg/L.
Daily: Site O
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
50.00
Ca Mg Na K HCO3 SO4 Cl
Major Ions
% m
eq
/L
706
716
726
736
746
756
786
Cation Exchange
Daily Samples: Na/Cl vs. Ca+Mg/HCO3
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Ca+Mg/HCO 3 (meq/L)
K
J
M
F
N
O
1:1
F'
Linear (1:1)
Daily Samples: SO4 vs. Ca+Mg-HCO3
0.0000
0.2000
0.4000
0.6000
0.8000
1.0000
1.2000
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
Ca+Mg-HCO3 (meq/L)
SO4
(meq
/L)
K
J
M
F
N
O
1:1
Linear(1:1)
Daily Samples: SO4 vs. (Ca+Mg)-HCO3
(Ca+Mg)-HCO3 (meq/L)
Excess Calcium, Little Bicarbonate
• Identify excess Ca by subtracting HCO3 from Ca+Mg.
• Correlate with SO4 to see what contribution is from CaSO4 + H2O(gypsum)
• F: HCO3 data are <5 ppm, CO3 increases only a little due to low pH.
• Site F: Spring flowing from a covered culvert. This is barely a sodium-chloride concentrated water with sodium being the dominant cation with an average of 37.62%. Chloride is the dominant anion with an average of 22.53%. Other major ions include: Ca, 24.75%; Mg, 22.48%. This water has a relatively low concentration of TDS; 58.02 to 75.88 mg/L. Also low are the pH levels, 4.0 to 4.5, which yields relatively lower levels of bicarbonate and relatively higher levels of carbonate. Nevertheless, total alkalinity levels are low at <5 mg/L CaCO3.
Daily: Site F
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
Ca Mg Na K HCO3 SO4 Cl
Major Ions
% m
eq
/L
704
714
724
734
744
586
784
Na/Cl vs. Ca+Mg/HCO3
0.0000
0.2000
0.4000
0.6000
0.8000
1.0000
1.2000
1.4000
1.6000
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
Ca+Mg/HCO3 (meq/L)
Na/
Cl (
meq
/L)
J : Houlry
1:1
Linear (1:1)
Oxidizing vs. ReducingDaily Samples: NO3 vs. Fe
0.0000
0.2000
0.4000
0.6000
0.8000
1.0000
1.2000
1.4000
1.6000
0.00E+00 1.00E-03 2.00E-03 3.00E-03 4.00E-03 5.00E-03 6.00E-03 7.00E-03 8.00E-03 9.00E-03 1.00E-02
Fe (meq/L)
K
J
M
F
N
O
Oxidizing
Reducing
UraniumUranium
0.000E+00
1.000E-06
2.000E-06
3.000E-06
4.000E-06
5.000E-06
6.000E-06
7.000E-06
Site
K
J
M
F
NO
Daily Samples: Avg. pH
7.86
7.16 7.11
4.20
7.40
4.77
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
K J M F N O
Site
Daily Samples: Avg. pH
7.86
7.16 7.11
4.20
7.40
4.77
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
K J M F N O
Site
U vs. NO3
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.0000 0.2000 0.4000 0.6000 0.8000 1.0000 1.2000 1.4000 1.6000
NO3 (meq/L)
K
J
M
F
N
O
Linear (J )
Linear (M)
Linear (F)
Linear (N)
Linear (O)
Linear (K)
Oxidizing
U vs. NO3