seaweed aquaculture in northeast of the u.s. for...
TRANSCRIPT
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Seaweed Aquaculture
in Northeast of the
U.S. for Production,
Ecosystem Services
and Strain
Development
Charles Yarish*1,
J.K. Kim1,2 and S. Augyte1
1University of Connecticut
[email protected] National University
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Long Island Sound
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Humans have altered global nitrogen cycle
5Issues in Ecology #15, Ecological Society of America, www.esa.org/issues
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What is nutrient bioextraction?
• The removal of nutrients from an aquatic ecosystem through the harvest of enhanced biological production (aquaculture of seaweed and/or shellfish)
River
Influx
Land
Runoff
Wastewater
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Obstacles to the Growth of Marine Aquaculture in North America
• Coastal zone use conflicts
• Permit, licensing, lease application processes
• Compliance with environmental regulations
• Cost effectiveness of the aquaculture (culture & breeding technologies)
• Processing
• Food safety (development of science to inform regulatory agencies)
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How Do You Grow Seaweeds?
1. Initiate Laboratory Culturesowild specimens with desirable
characterso isolate spores or tissueo produce mass cultures of an
appropriate life history stage
2. “Seed” lines for out-planting
3. Grow-out4. Harvest
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Saccharina latissima Life History
Kelp Biology
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Kelp grown on seed string wrapped around PVC spools left spools initially after inoculation; middle set of spools about 14-21d after inoculation; and right spools about 28-35 d after inoculation.
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Modular nursery system for the continuous mass production of
young Saccharina plants.
UCONN Ocean Approved
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ME
CT
• Farms
• Nurseries
• Educational
Labs
2015-2016
Kelp Aquaculture in New England:
6 Years and Growing
RI
MA
Courtesy of S. Redmond
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Harvesting
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Productivity
~ 1,752 kg per 100 m longline
(Dec. – May growing season)
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Productivity (sugar kelp)
*29.2 – 116.7 MT FW ha-1
(Dec. – May growing season)
* Assumption: 1.5 or 6.0 m spacing between longlines Kim et al. 2015, Marine Ecol. Prog. Series
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Productivity, Tissue Nitrogen and Nitrogen Removal
Western LIS
Western LIS
Western LIS
• Saccharina latissima
• 1.5 m spacing of lines
• Sugar kelp: ~180 kg N ha-1 &
2309 kg C ha-1 (Dec. – May)
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Saccharina latissima forma angustissima
from southern Maine
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vectorgenius.com
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016
Pro
du
cti
on
(k
g m
-1)
Growing season
Kelp (LIS)
Narrow kelp (ME)
Kelp production in the Northeast of the US
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Temperature Profile in LIS (2012-2016)
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Self- and hybrid crosses of S. latissima strains to develop the most suitable strains
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Kelp Selective Breeding
(Photo: NFRDI Seaweed Research Center)
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Project Partners
• Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution & Marine Biology Labs
• Bridgeport Regional Aquaculture Science and Technology Education
Center (BRASTEC)
• Ocean Approved, GreenWave, Noank Aquaculture Cooperative
• Growers: Thimble Island Oyster Co., Norm Bloom & Son, DJ King
Lobsters, Taylor Cultured Seafoods, Quissett Point Oyster Co.
• Maine Fresh Sea Farms, Maine Coast Sea vegetables
• Maine Sea Grant Program
• Norwalk Community College
• UCONN School of Business
• UCONN & Purchase College and students
• Rocking the Boat
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• Connecticut & Maine Sea Grant College Programs
• U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food
and Agriculture (NIFA)
• NOAA SBIR I and II
• U.S. EPA Long Island Sound Study's Long Island Sound
Futures Fund, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation
• University of Connecticut, Incheon National University
• Maine Aquaculture Innovation Center
Acknowledgements