sec 2 unit 16 understanding pollution
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unit 16TRANSCRIPT
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CHONG BOON SECONDARY SCHOOLLower Sec Geography
Secondary Two
Unit 16 : Understanding Pollution
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Thinking Questions
1.Are Humans really the most polluting animals on planet Earth?
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Unit Objectives
1.Identify the types of pollution.
2.Identify the causes of pollution.
3.Identify the extent of pollution.
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Types of Pollution
1. Air Pollution
2. Noise Pollution
3. Water Pollution
4. Land Pollution
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Air Pollution
•Air that is contaminated with dust, ash or harmful gases.
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Noise Pollution
•Loud sounds that cause physical discomfort to humans.
•Caused by aircrafts, cars, trains and even ships.
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Water Pollution
•Water that is unfavourable for human use and harmful to aquatic life.
•Contaminated by chemicals, mud, dirt or ash.
* Aquatic = water-based
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Land Pollution
•Caused when garbage (domestic or industrial) is dumped indiscriminately in open dumps, drains and along roadsides.
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Causes of Pollution – Land
•Dumping of untreated waste materials.
•Industrial waste (toxic) are dumped onto open land, making it derelict.
•Dumping of garbage and raw sewage also causes land pollution.
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Causes of Pollution – Water• Industrial waste dumped into rivers, lakes or the sea
• Leads to leaking of possibly toxic chemicals.• Mercury, zinc and lead are dumped and they cannot be broken down.• Animals eat the chemicals and become poisoned.
• Farming practices• Chemical fertilizers / pesticides / herbicides
• Leak into the groundwater and also washed with surface runoff• Enters the water system and contaminates the water supply.
• Landfill Seepage• Chemicals leaking from landfill sites that are not properly managed.
• Oil Spill• Tankers and Oil rigs caught in accidents suffer from such oil spills.
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•Factories and Industries•Electric Power Generators•Forest Fires•Motor Transport•Nuclear accidents
COPYCauses of Pollution – Air
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Nuclear accidents
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Noise Pollution
•Human created sound that disrupts the environment.
•Human activities like industries, heavy machines, vehicles, recreational tools.
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Effects of Noise Pollution
•Hearing and cardiovascular health•Affects the ears and hearing•Creates stress, causing heart problems in the long term.
•Loud noise is able to create a physical pain reaction on the human body.
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How to reduce Noise Pollution?
• Restrictions by law• Implement strict laws that control the level of noise produced.
• Guidelines• National Environment Agency (NEA) sets guidelines for noise generated by construction sites.
• 1030pm cut off time for open-air performances in residential areas.
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Extent of Pollution
1. Local Scale
2. Regional Scale
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Local Scale• River Contamination
• Reduction of water supply.• Illness due to consumption of contaminated water
• Air Pollution due to excessive burning • Short-term allergies due to exposure to large amounts
of pollutants• Long term medical effects due to exposure to traffic
emissions.
• Continuous noise exposure• Construction noise over time leads to hearing
impairment• Loud music from neighbours lead to discomfort.
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Regional Scale
•Air Pollution• Large scale slash and burn farming in Indonesia and Malaysia leads to the haze that affects all countries in the region.
•Water pollution • Pollution of large rivers that cross national boundaries lead to pollution that is regional.
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Let’s do a recap exercise
•Complete the exercise in 10 minutes
•Good Luck!•You can use your notes if you need help.