second ecological wave
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SECOND
ECOLOGICAL
WAVE
During the decade of the seventies happened
several environmental disasters, for which, it
began to speak on a good management and
environmental responsibility.
in the world had some events as democratic
crises in many countries, social and
economic conflicts, deforestation,
desertification, famine in many countries,
problems with the ozone layer, mean sea
level, increased insecurity caused by the
growth of so-called development hub cities,
unemployment problems, various wars,
among many other events more.
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The global outlook for these years was
complex from different perspectives and in
different regions of the planet.
That’s why for the first time arises
mentioned the concept of "global change" is
the set of environmental changes resulting
from human activities on the planet, with
special reference to changes in the
processes that determine the functioning of
the Earth system.
That’s how came the "Ecological Waves"
which try to help them go away all these
problems that are experienced in the world.
There are four ecological waves, the first
three are classified by decade starting in
1970. The fourth wave ecological is very
recent. This is the one we are currently.
The first green wave (1970-1980) was
developed thanks to new prospects
integration between environment, society
and the economy.
Two antecedents that preceded the
development of ecological
ECOLOGICAL WAVES
movements in the world occurred in
1967 and 1968, the first of them when
the “Tower and barrel tanker” collided in
the English coasts generating one of the
most serious oil spills, the second event
was in Japan, when it appeared a new
disease called "Minamata Evil" that
caused many economic problems, social
and environmental.
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Was in the year 1970 when the United
States appeared in the first season of
the Environment Agency was called
"Clean Air". Thanks to this first criteria
are established to control emission of
pollutants.
In the year 1972 several studies were
conducted that would help change trend
would prevail for the next
decades in the area of environmental
culture.
In this year published "Limits of
Development" prepared by the club of
Rome, which is complemented by the
written "Life and Welfare of Man"
published by the Vatican. So the same is
done also the "First World Environment
Summit Environment",, also known as
"First Proposal Stockholm Environmental
Conservation" organized by the United
Nations.
Did the term Eco-Eco which means
"ecology and economy", but later, in 1975
was changed to "Eco-development" to
finally transformed by "Sustainable
Development" which is a term applied to
economic and social that allows to
address the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.
The first summit of the environment was
held in Stockholm Sweden and was
conducted with 1,200 delegates
representing 114 countries of the 156
that existed in that year, and the main
objective was to protect and improve
the human environment and preserve it.
Media were responsible for spreading
the actions proposed in this summit.
Among the major successes of the
Stockholm Meeting were:
Born national legislation and
World Environment.
Establishment of the United
Nations Program for Environment
(UNEP).
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In 1974 was presented the 2nd Report
to the Club of Rome and at the same
time in Mexico Cocoyoc held
Symposium Models Using Natural
Resources which was the need to
promote environmental education.
The third Report to the Club of Rome were
presented in 1976, this was known as "The
Report unapproved Club of Rome" which
talked about the need to reorder the world
economic order, and as suited the interests
of some countries, was denied.
Different achievements stand at the end of
this decade, among the most significant are:
Appeared Development Strategy in
Isolated Rural Areas.
It presented the report of the UN
Indigenous Development.
It forms the Environmental
Constitution.
Emerged implementing legislation and
implementing specific programs.
Green parties were formed in Europe.
With the establishment of UNEP, was
granted to the University of the State
of Mexico the authority to implement
important programs in our country, so
was born the Academic Environmental
Programme (PUMA).
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BY: MONSERRAT ESPINOSA
The second ecological wave between
from 1980 to 1990, in the era of the
80's economic, political and social,
was complex and that the world went
through a number of transitions and
catastrophic events.
In the year of 1983 created the
Commission for Environment and
Development, through this kind of
surges, the world educates to
generate new proposals and changes
to the planet. Four years later in 1987
he presented the report of the
Commission "in one Earth to one
World", and which is used for the first
time the term "Sustainable
Development".
Sustainable development is to
generate options to change the
negative trend in the deterioration of
animal and plant life, improve quality
of life and stop this deterioration for
new generations inherit a world equal
to or better than the existing one. We
talk about sustainable development
when it comes to social, economic
and ecological combine to create an
improved environment.
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In 1995, Mexico was founded on
Sustainable Development and Natural
Spaces A.C., and one of the main
objectives was to promote and ensure
the protection of nature. Has worked
with numerous projects
"environmentally friendly". His vision is
to create a natural environment
developed.
In this decade was the Proclamation of
Natural Resources and raises three
points:
1. Keep agree ecosystem
functioning.
2. Maintain the biodiversity.
3. Ensuring sustainable use of
ecosystems and species.
Particular actions were issued, all
governments were required to comply:
Reduce production of non-
nutritious foods.
Modernize the industry.
Improvement of mineral resources.
Avoid desertification.
Recultivate degraded areas.
Avoid degradation and lost the soil.
Avoid over-exploitation of forests.
No less trees cut, only cut based
on management plans.
Improve public health.
At the end of the decade of the 80's, there
was talk of a better future for the world.
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However in 1990 and 2000, the third
wave is created ecological, global
movement.
At this time were signed agreements and
create achievements. Among the
highlights are: the signing of the Montreal
Protocol to curb the destruction of the
ozone layer. Representation healthy food
"green markets", appear while the "green
tags", which are products generated
under the laws of eco-development.
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In the United Nations document,
"Environmental Perspective to the Year
2000 and Beyond", were presented as
models of development:
Rebirth of alternative lifestyles.
Create new technology
transport network through rail
networks.
HI-TEC (High Technology).
More investments, consider
environmental conditions.
Improve the planning of
spaces.
Taking into account the
environmental problematic
when performing bilateral
agreements.
An event very important in this
ecological wave was that Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil, was declared a city
hosting the Second Earth Summit,
held in 1992. 183 countries were
represented.
In Kyoto in 1997, signed an
agreement to reduce aerosols, and
thus reduce chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs) and thus prevent the
destruction of the ozone layer.
United States of America and
Switzerland did not sign this
agreement.
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Thanks to these ecological waves
the world has not deteriorated as
thought, we still need to work more
on the recovery of our world, but
gradually and will this be possible.
BY: MACARENA ESPINOSA
¿What is Sustainable
Development?
Sustainable development has been
defined in many ways, but the most
frequently quoted definition is from Our
Common Future
Sustainable development is development
that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs. It
contains within it two key concepts:
· The concept of needs in particular the
essential needs of the world's poor, to
which overriding priority should be given;
and the idea of limitations imposed by the
state of technology and social organization
on the environment's ability to meet
present and future needs."
The notion of sustainable development is
very recent: it surge at the end of the 20th
century as the result of projects and
international exhibitions that were
analyzing the wear and the abuse that
the human being with his economic,
technological and social growth has
generated throughout the time on the
environment.
The importance of the sustainable
development takes root in a not minor
fact: the supposition of which the
humanity does not have to resign his
current quality of life or modernity to be
careful and to support the environment.
Sustainable Development
In Rio +20
The world’s population of 7 billion is
likely to increase to 9 billion by 2050. The
demand for diminishing natural
resources is growing. Income gaps are
widening. Sustainability calls for a decent
standard of living for everyone today
without compromising the needs of
future generations.
This means finding better ways of
doing things. Such as:
How can we help people move out of
poverty and get good jobs, while
protecting the environment?
How can we provide access to
clean energy for everyone, and
make sure that the energy we
produce doesn’t contribute to
climate change?
How can we shape our cities so thateveryone can enjoy a decent quality of life?
How can we build better transportation
systems that allow us all to get where we want to go, without causing too much
congestion and pollution?
How can we make sure that our oceans are healthy and that marine life is not threatened
by pollution and climate change?
How can we make sure that our communities are resilient in the face of
natural disasters?
Some Resources from de UN for the
Sustainable Development
In Rio +20
Green Economy Report
The UN Environment Programme´s
Green Economy Report demonstrates
that green economies are a new engine
of growth, generate decent jobs and are
vital to eliminating persistent poverty.
Global Sustainability Report
The Secretary-General's High-level
Global Sustainability Panel Says a
future worth choosing must be based
on true costs to people and the
environment, in its "Resilient People,
Resilient Planet: A Future Worth
Choosing" report.
Sustainable Development Knowledge
Platform
Sustainable development goes together with
allowing people to broadly engage in
development policy making. On
the Sustainable Development Knowledge
Platformyou will find some of the latest
thinking, policy analysis and commentary on
sustainability by the UN.
BY: ILEANA CALDERÓN
Sustainable Development
(commonly called the "Earth
Summit") to non-governmental
organizations of the system
United Nations, NGOs, among
others, not forgetting to citizens
and civil society organizations,
it is not enough with the
participation of governments,
to build sustainable
development it is required the
participation of the population,
community groups, the
companies, organizations and
academia. In order to
encourage participation it has
been created an official
platform where you can share
new ideas and in which there is
information on
The Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992 laid the
foundations. Rio +20 is a new opportunity to think globally so that all can act locally to ensure our common future.
Rio+20" is the short name for
the United Nations Conference
on Sustainable Development
which took place in Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil in June 2012.
Rio+20 Rio +20 constitutes a
project that involves all the
system of the U.N., which give
us the opportunity to change
some habits, to face the poverty,
to work for avoiding the
environmental destruction and
build a bridge to the future, It
allows us to think with global
judgement.
For the realization of Rio +20
are three principal members,
ranging from governments and
bosses of state gathered at the
United Nations Conference on
Controlling climate
change;
Designing a new
architecture of global
governance;
The transition to a new
model of civilisation.
It is considered that to face
these challenge will require
new ways of building
experience and analyze
proposals to promote them,
focusing on three major
efforts, which promote the
integration of all the project
countries, dialogue and
exchange of proposals this
with order to benefit more
people around the world.
In official talks of Rio +20 was
discussed two main topics:
how to build a green economy
to achieve sustainable
development and get people
out of poverty, and how to
improve international
how the project has development.
As it is seen, Rio +20, its
obejctive had covered many
topics for the benefit of the
population and has established
key issues, the first of which talk
about ethics we need to build a
society capable of caring for the
environment, the second point is
focused on the creation of a new
form of global governance, while
the third proposes to search for a
new economic order to face the
poverty.
From that established the three
main challenges of world order,
they are:
In the last 20 years there have
been many successful
examples of implementation of
sustainable development in
energy, agriculture, urban
planning and production and
consumption:
In France, an estimated
90,000 jobs were created in
green sectors between 2006
and 2008, mostly in the fields of
energy conservation and the
development of renewable
energy.
In Uganda, a transition to
organic agriculture has
generated revenue and income
for smallholder farmers and
benefited the economy, society
and environment.
In Kenya, innovative finance
mechanisms have stimulated
new
coordination for sustainable
development.
Rio +20 is an opportunity to
define pathways to a sustainable
future development, with more
jobs, better security, cleaner
energy and a better standard of
living. Therefore its
importance is that we want to
build a better world for our
children and grandchildren, and
we can achieve this only through
sustainable development, which
as said Sha Zukang, Secretary-
General of the Rio +20
Conference,
"The sustainable
development is not an
option!
It is the only way that
allows humanity to share a
decent life on this one
planet.
Rio +20 provides our
generation the opportunity
to go that way. "
Rio +20 talks about the key
challenges with which will
reduce poverty and
instability, we will prevent
the degradation of the
planet. The existence of
this project will allow us to
strengthen environmental
awareness in the world.
investments in
renewable energy
sources, including solar,
wind, small hydro,
biogas and municipal
waste energy
generating income and
employment.
► In China, steps to
shift to a low-carbon
growth strategy based
on the development of
renewable energy
sources have created
jobs, income and
revenue streams for
promising low-carbon
industries.
"Rio+20 has gven us a
solid platform to build on.
And it has given us the
tools to build with. The
work starts now"
– UN Secretary-General Ban
Ki-moon
BY: ELIDETH CAMACHO
Ideally, the Summit should produce a
pluricultural vision of the political and
ethical foundations that will be able
to transform the architecture of world
governance and reinforce the feeling
of belonging in a developing global
community.
The authors of this invitation are
proposing, among others, to develop
proposal papers, support meetings in
the five continents, organize an
international seminar.
Three actors:
1. The governments assembled at
the official conference organized by
the UN
2. The NGOs of the UN system (
3. Civil-society organizations.
independent scientists, unions, youth
organizations, NGOs, etc.
(assembled at
a “Earth Citizens Summit,”
Proposal
According to its organizers, the
summit’s objectives are : to
secure renewed political
commitment to sustainable
development ; to assess
progress towards internationally
agreed goals on sustainable
development and to address new
and emerging challenges. The
Summit will also focus on two
specific themes : a green
economy in the context of
poverty eradication and
sustainable development, and an
institutional framework for
sustainable development.Is an
invitation to the launch of a
citizen dynamics toward the
awareness and feeling of a world
community of actors starting their
march toward Rio+20 and
beyond, for the transition to a
sustainable world.
Implementing the preliminary phase
Proposal
To take an additional step toward the
awareness and the feeling of a world
community of actors starting their
march toward Rio+20.
• To invite all actors wishing to
contribute to the Rio+20 process to
present
their actions and initiatives, to share
their essential proposals.
Proposal
Starting from the thematic framework
set out by the UN’s Sustainable
Development Commission and
integrating it into a more consistent
vision:
1. What “green economy” do we need
in order to defeat poverty in the world?
Proposals for the implementation of
sustainable societies in the early
twentyfirst century.
Three models
An economic,, political, ehtical,
models.
Three challenges
1. Managing climate change.
2. Designing a new world-
governance architecture.
3. Changing the civilization model.
Three values
1. Sustainability
2. Solidarity
3. Responsibility
Implementing the preliminary
phase.
To take an additional step toward
the awareness and the feeling of a
world
community of actors starting their
march toward Rio+20.
• To invite all actors wishing to
contribute to the Rio+20 process to
present
their actions and initiatives, to share
their essential proposals.
2. What mechanisms and what
organization structures from the local
to the global can bring about a “green
economy” that will be able to
contribute to eradicating poverty and
to redefining regulation between
states and societies? Proposals for a
new world-governance architecture.
3. On which values, which ethical
foundations, should the development
of new lifestyles be based and the
foundations be laid for a new
civilization in order to face the
dangers of the current world and open
new perspectives for the human
adventure at the beginning of the
twenty-first century?
· Proposals for a Charter of the
Citizens of the Earth.
This proyect have strategy
Support meetings in the five
continents facilitated by civil-society
networks and movements in
connection with political leaders and
UN agencies, scientists, and
company heads.
BY: ERIKA ESQUIVEL
One of the initiatives that arose was
the "Day of Action against the
Canadian mining industry."
This is initiative is one that tries to call
to organize communities to discover
the practices that have been going on
exploitation.
Of resources on a larger scale.
Organizations that were made along
with all communities affected by all
resource extraction industry in
Canada, decide to hold a day of action
this first Continental August 2012 for
all that we are called we demand an
end to the mining practices carried
resources held in mines.
All organizations working with
communities that are together from
Canada to Argentina undertake
protests which will include
demonstrations, radio coverage,
letter-writing campaigns and other
alternative and innovative actions of
protest and action, all this in front of
the corporate offices of mining
companies and especially in the
Canadian embassy.
¿Because this happens in Canada?
All this is happening in Canada, is
because 60% of mining
companies in the world many of
these companies appears in
Toronto in securities bag. Most of
these companies have too much
investment in what is still 3,200
projects on resource exploitation,
is why Canada is the country with
the largest share industry
extraction of natural resources.
Another reason why we do this in
Canada is because financial
markets of Toronto and Vancouver
are representing one of the largest
global sources of mining
companies are those that promote
the extraction and in turn carried
out the development of their
projects.
Initiatives in Rio + 20
All actions carried out in the extraction
of natural resources, caused a huge
impact on the territories, communities
and everything in life.
The worst consequences that arose
throughout the natural resource
exploration and exploitation especially
caused the mobilization of
communities, causing destruction of
survival sustainable everything, where
in turn managed to cause health
problems too of individuals,
aggravating the violation of human
rights.
All this achievement mineral
exploitation large scale caused a great
loss in biodiversity
http://rio20.net/iniciativas/
The demands they are asking are the
divestment, regulation, cece to
complicity, community consultation
mechanisms, life before profit .
What we are calling on
divestment is that the Canadian
government has to take public
funds of companies engaged in
the extraction of natural resources
and in turn require to withdraw the
funds invest in free education.
Regulation In demanding that the
government should establish
standards of accountability to
Canadian companies, in turn
legislation has to be established
must penalize those companies
that are involved in the violation of
human Rights.
In complicity cece demand that
the Canadian government does
not allow public institutions to be
used for campaigning but these
are organized by companies
engaged in the extraction of
natural resources.
In the community consultation
mechanisms require
SECOND
ECOLOGICAL
WAVE
governments in the region to
respect all the rights groups
that have been internationally
recognized rights to prior
consultation for those
indigenous communities that
are being affected by the
mining industry.
In life before profit should
require removing all the free
trade agreements are those
that protect the right of
corporations which are those
that are above life.
http://rio20.net/iniciativas/
BY: CARLOS SÁNCHEZ