second great migration

2
 In the context of the 20th-century history of the United States, the Second Great Migration was the migration of more than ve million frican mericans f rom the South to the !orth, Midwest and "est# It too$ %lace from &'(&, through "orld "ar II, and lasted until &')0#*&+ It was much larger and of a dierent character than the rst Great Migration &'&0.&'(0/# In the Second Great Migration, more than ve milli on frican mericans moved to cities in states in the !orth, Midwest and "est, including many to alifornia, where 1os ngeles, a$land, and 1ong 3each oered many s$illed 4o5s in the defense industry# Most of these migrants were already ur5an la5orers who came from the cities of the South# In addition, some frican mericans were still treated with discrimination in many %arts of the country, and many sought to esca%e this#*&+ ontents & Ur5an settlement 2 Statistics 6 See also ( 7eferences 8 9urther reading : ;xternal lin$s Ur5an settlement om%ared to the more rural migrants of the %eriod &'&0-&'60, many frican mericans in the South were already living i n ur5an areas and had ur5an 4o5 s$ills 5efore they relocated# <hey moved to ta$e 4o5s in the 5urgeoning industrial cities and es%ecially the many 4o5s i n the defense industry during "orld "ar II ""II/#*citation needed+ "or$ers who were limited to segregated, low-s$illed  4o5s in some cities were a5le t o get highly s$illed, well-%aid 4o5s at a lifornia shi%yards#*&+ 3y the end of the Second Great Migration, frican mericans had 5ecome a highly ur5ani=ed %o%ulation# More than >0 %ercent lived in cities, a greater %ro%ortion than among the rest of merican society # 9ifty -three %ercent remained in the Southern United States, while (0 %ercent lived in the !ortheast and !orth entral states and ) %ercent in the "est#*&+ "hile frican mericans were often relegated to su%%ort roles during ""II, often these roles could 5e exceedingly ha=ardous# munitions ex%losion at ?ort hicago, alifornia, across the 5ay from San 9rancisco, claimed the lives of over 200 frican mericans in &'((# "hen some of the wor$ers refused to resume wor$ until conditions were made less ha=ardous, as many as 80 were tried for mutiny and im%risoned#*2+ ther eects of the Second Great Migration@ Aemogra%hic changes in losing and gaining statesB

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  • 5/19/2018 Second Great Migration

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    In the context of the 20th-century history of the United States, the Second Great

    Migration was the migration of more than ve million frican mericans from the

    South to the !orth, Midwest and "est# It too$ %lace from &'(&, through "orld

    "ar II, and lasted until &')0#*&+ It was much larger and of a dierent character

    than the rst Great Migration &'&0.&'(0/#

    In the Second Great Migration, more than ve million frican mericans moved

    to cities in states in the !orth, Midwest and "est, including many to alifornia,

    where 1os ngeles, a$land, and 1ong 3each oered many s$illed 4o5s in the

    defense industry# Most of these migrants were already ur5an la5orers who came

    from the cities of the South# In addition, some frican mericans were still

    treated with discrimination in many %arts of the country, and many sought to

    esca%e this#*&+

    ontents

    & Ur5an settlement

    2 Statistics

    6 See also

    ( 7eferences

    8 9urther reading

    : ;xternal lin$s

    Ur5an settlement

    om%ared to the more rural migrants of the %eriod &'&0-&'60, many frican

    mericans in the South were already living in ur5an areas and had ur5an 4o5s$ills 5efore they relocated#

  • 5/19/2018 Second Great Migration

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    frican mericans 5ecame more unioni=ed they 5ecame $nown as the churches

    and ministers#

    frican mericans develo%ed original religions and hristian movements, such as

    the !ation of Islam and %redominantly-5lac$ dominations within the ?entecostal

    movement

    Statistics

    3lac$s as a C of the ?o%ulation 3y U#S# 7egion &'00.&')0/*6+

    7egion &'00 &'&0 &'20 &'60 &'(0 &'80 &':0 &')0

    !ortheast >C 'C 2#6C 6#6C 6#>C 8#&C :#>C >#>C

    Midwest 'C >C 2#6C 6#6C 6#8C 8#0C :#)C >#&C

    "est 0#)C 0#)C 0#'C C C 2#'C 6#'C (#'C

    South 62#6C2'#>C2:#'C2(#)C26#>C2)C20#:C&'#0C

  • 5/19/2018 Second Great Migration

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