secondary messenger

8/9/2019 Secondary Messenger

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SecondaryMessenger SystemFlorlin Grace M. Yrad


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http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/sites/default/ les/upload/Endocrine-

Endocrine

System


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O R M O N E


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Did you know that not

all hormones canpass through the

phospholipid bilayer?


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$on-polar hormones cannot

penetrate the cellmem%rane.

http://www.per&inelmer.com/'MS(esources/)mages/**-


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Non-steroid hormon

Receptor Protein

http://courses.washington.edu/con#/gprotein/trimeri


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*

G-protein Coupled Receptor(GPCR) or G-protein Linked

Receptor

* It contain seven membrane-spanning

regions with their N-terminalsegment on the exoplasmic face and

their C-terminal segment on the

cytosolic face of the plasmamembrane.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC !"#"$"/


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* ut wait! " lot o#scientist ha$e been

proposing to drop theterm GPCR in #a$or o#

% transmembrane orhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC !"#"$"/


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G-protein 0in&ed (eceptor

http://www.nc%i.nlm.nih.go1/%oo&s/$23 +4+,/ gure/5 44 /6


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G-protein has ! su%-units:

alpha8 %eta and gamma.

http://pu%s.acs.org/su%scri%e/archi1e/mdd/1"4/i++/html/ gures/++"*feature


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G-protein has ! su%-units:

alpha8 %eta and gamma.

http://pu%s.acs.org/su%scri%e/archi1e/mdd/1"4/i++/html/ gures/++"*feature


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G-protein 0in&ed (eceptor

http://www.nc%i.nlm.nih.go1/%oo&s/$23 +4+,/ gure/5 44 /6


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* econdary 'essengers

*

'hey relay informationfrom the receptor-

ligand complex.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/boo(s/N)*$ $+,/


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E9ects of SecondaryMessengers

Secondary messengers are free to di9use tothe di9erent compartments of the cell whichallows them to in uence gene e;pression andother processes.

Secondary messengers may greatly amplifysignals.

)nput from signalling pathways or crosstal&may e9ect the concentrations of secondarymessengers. )t may result in nely tunedregulation or misinterpretation.

http://www.nc%i.nlm.nih.go1/%oo&s/$23 + " /


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*

Cyclic "'P or c"'P

* It is formed from 'P byadenylyl cyclase and

degraded by the en yme

c MP Phosphodiesterase.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/boo(s/N)* !"+/


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http://courses.washington.edu/con#/%ess/gpcr/adenylate-cyclase.png


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2inding of c5M=to the regulatorysu%units inducesa conformational

change that leads

to dissociation ofthe catalytic

su%units8 which

are thenenBymaticallyacti1e.

http://www.nc%i.nlm.nih.go1/%oo&s/$23@,4"/ gure/5 !4/67


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http://www.nc%i.nlm.nih.go1/%oo&s/$23@,4"/ gure/5 !,/6


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Ahe free

catalyticsu%unit of

protein&inase 5translocates

to thenucleus.

http://www.nc%i.nlm.nih.go1/%oo&s/$23@,4"/ gure/5 !@/6report7o%#ectonly


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)tphosphorylates

thetranscriptionfactor '(E2


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c5M= can also regulate ion channelsthat are independent of proteinphosphorylation.

http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/CuBwia&/5nat=hys/'hemicalSomaticSenses les/image"+ .#pghttp://www.nc%i.nlm.nih.go1/%oo&s/$23@,4"/

http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/CuBwia&/5nat=hys/'hemicalSomaticSenses.htm


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*

Cyclic G'P or cG'P

* It is formed from 0'P bythe en yme g%anylyl

cyclase and degraded by

the en ymephospodiesterase.

http://%sers.rcn.com/&(imball.ma.%ltranet/)iologyPages/1/1econd2messengers.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/boo(s/N)* !"+/


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+: (eceptor 2ound Guanylyl'yclase


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: $itric D;ide

http://www.eplasty.com/article images/eplasty+"e* g+.gif


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*

*nositol trisphosphate (*P +) orinositol-, . /-triphosphate

* It is released into the cytoplasmwhere it releases calci%m ions

from internal stores within the

cell3s endoplasmic retic%l%m.

http://p%bchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/s%mmary/s%mmary.cgi4cid567 6,#


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*

Diacylglycerol 9D"G

* It activates protein-

serine/threonine (inases belongingto the protein (inase C family; manyof which play important roles in the

control of cell growth anddifferentiation.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/boo(s/N)* !"+/


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Phosphatidy#inosito# $%&-

'isphosphate (P)P * +

https://www.caymanchem.com/images/catalog/

http://cn;.org/resources/ @d4fd4%+* * " ,@d,*!,"f 4+,e,4/Figur


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p ; g @ ,@ , , , , ge "@ " "*.#pg


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http://legacy.owens%oro.&ctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat /notes/5=)) "$otes+ "endocrin"intro.htm


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http://%io%oo&.nerin;hs.org/%%/cells/cell %iology/+"""p;-


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http://%io%oo&.nerin;hs.org/%%/cells/cell %iology/+"""p;-


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ydrolysis of =)= %y =hospholipase '

http://www.nc%i.nlm.nih.go1/%oo&s/$23@,4"/ gure/5 **/6

http://cn;.org/resources/ @d4fd4%+* * " ,@d,*!,"f 4+,e,4/Figur


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e "@ " "*.#pg


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?5

G


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'almodulin


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http://mol-%iol*masters.masters.gr&ra#.org/html/'ellular Signal Aransduction*-


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http://cgmp.%lauplanet.com/reg/%yp&g.htmlhttp://courses.washington.edu/con#/gprotein/trimericgp.htm

http://cgmp.%lauplanet.com/path.htmlhttp://www .estrellamountain.edu/faculty/fara%ee/%io%&/%io%oo&endocr.htmlhttp://users.rcn.com/#&im%all.ma.ultranet/2iol

ogy=ages/S/Second messengers.htmlhttp://www.nc%i.nlm.nih.go1/%oo&s/$23 + " /http://www.nc%i.nlm.nih.go1/pmc/articles/=M'+,4 4 4/

http://www.nc%i.nlm.nih.go1/%oo&s/$23 +4+,/

S


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http://www.nc%i.nlm.nih.go1/%oo&s/$23@,4"/http://www.mun.ca/%iology/desmid/%rian/2)D0" "/2)D0 " "-+*/'2+*.html

http://legacy.owens%oro.&ctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat /notes/5=)) "$otes+ "endocrine"intro.htm

S

secondary messenger

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