secondhand exposure to e-cigarettes emissions
TRANSCRIPT
Secondhand exposure to e-cigarettes emissions
Esteve Ferná[email protected]
@stvfdz
In memoriam Manel Nebot
Is there a“passive exposure”
To the emissions (the vapour) of electronic
cigarettes?
E-cigarettes contain lower levels of toxins than conventional cigarettes, but do contain toxins
German Cancer Prevention Center. 2013.
Toxicant Range in content in vapor from e-
cigarette samples per 15 puffs
Range in content in conventional cigarette in
mainstream smoke from 1 cigarette
Formaldehyde (µg) 0.2-5.61 1.6-52Acetaldehyde (µg) 0.11-1.36 52-140Acrolein (µg) 0.07-4.19 2.4-62o-methylbenzaldehyde (µg) .13-.71 --Toluene(µg) 0-0.63 8.3-70p,m-xylene (µg) 0 - 0.2 --NNN (ng) 0 - 0.00043 0.0005-0.19NNK (ng) 0-0.00283 0.012-0.11Cadmium (ng) 0 - 0.022 --Nickel (ng) 0.011-0.029 --Lead (ng) 0.003-0.057 --
Levels of toxicants in e-cigarette vapor compared to cigarette smoke
Adapted from: Grana, Benowitz & Glantz. Circulation. 2014.
Cigarettes versus e-cigarettes: passive exposure at home
Nicotine and particulate matter emissions from e-cigarettes in a private car
Cigarettes versus e-cigarettes: passive exposure at home
Montse Ballbè, Jose M. Martínez-Sánchez, Xisca Sureda, Marcela Fu, Raúl Pérez-Ortuño, José A. Pascual,
Esteve Saltó, Esteve Fernández
Tobacco Control UnitInstitut Català d’Oncologia
Methods54 non-smokers volunteers• 25 living with conventional cigarette smokers• 5 living with e-cigarettes smokers• 24 living in smoke-fgree homes (and exposed anywhere)
ObjectiveTo characterize the passive exposure to e-cigs emissions among non-smokers living with e-cigarettes users at home.
MethodsEnvironmnetal markers of exposure in air
Airborne nicotine (µg/m3)
Cotinina en saliva
Cotinina en orina
GC/MS
MethodsEnvironmnetal markers of exposure in air
Particulate matter: PM2,5 (µg/m3)
Cotinina en saliva
Cotinina en orina
Air nicotine (µg/m3)30.0025.0020.0015.0010.005.000.00
PM2.
5 (µg
/m3 )
1000.00
800.00
600.00
400.00
200.00
0.00
r=0,8
Fu et al. Environ Res. 2014.
MethodsPersonal biomarkers of exposure
Cotinine in saliva and in urine (ng/ml)
Cotinina en saliva
Cotinina en orina
Smokefree E-cigarettes Cigarettes0.000.200.400.600.801.001.201.401.601.802.00
0.010.11
1.61
Conc
entr
ation
in µ
g/m
3Median concentration of airborne nicotine
(µg/m3) taken during one week period
Results. Environmental markers: nicotine in air
Real-time PM2.5 concentrations (µg/m3) in an e-cigarettes user’s home, in a conventional cigarettes
user’s home, and in two smoke-free homes.
Results. Environmental markers: particulate matter
n Salivary cotinine(ng/ml)
Urinary cotinine(ng/ml)
Smoke-free homes 24 0.05 (0.05; 0.13) 0.43 (0.26; 0.96)
Exposed to e-cigarettes 5 0.24 (0.15; 0.31) 2.10 (0.57; 2.70)
Exposed to conventional
cigarettes25 0.32 (0.23; 0.63) 2.06 (0.81; 3.71)
Median and interquartil range of cotinine in saliva and urine taken at the end of one week period.
Results. Personal biomarkers: cotinine
n Salivary cotinine(ng/ml)
Urinary cotinine(ng/ml)
Smoke-free homes 24 0.05 (0.05; 0.13) 0.43 (0.26; 0.96)
Exposed to e-cigarettes 5 0.24 (0.15; 0.31) 2.10 (0.57; 2.70)
Exposed to conventional cigarettes
25 0.32 (0.23; 0.63) 2.06 (0.81; 3.71)
Median and interquartil range of salivary and urine cotinine taken at the end of one week period.
Conclusions
These environmentalmarkers objectively show the presence of small particulate matter and nicotine in the homes of e-cigarettes users.
The personal biomarkers objectively show that non-smokers who live with e-cigarette users are passively exposed to the exhaled vapour from e-cigarettes and incorporate and metabolize nicotine from them.
Nicotine and particulate matter emissions from e-cigarettes in a private car
Esteve Fernández, Marcela Fu, Montse Ballbè,Jose M. Martínez-Sánchez, Anna Riccobene, Xisca Sureda, Glòria Muñoz, David Cordero, Esteve Saltó
Tobacco Control UnitInstitut Català d’Oncologia
MethodsDesign: 3 experimental situations (5 measurements each)Exp. A (Ø): control measurements (without smokers)Exp. B (Ecig): e-cigarette measurements Exp. C (Cig): tobacco cigarette measurements
Objective
To analyze the particulate matter and nicotine emissions from e-cigarettes in cars.
MethodsMedium sized carVW Touran, driver + 2 passengers (1 smoker + 2 researchers)
Phase Conditions Time 1 outdoor control measurement 15 min
2 in-car measurement in movement 30 min semiopen window
3 in-car measurement in movement 15 min open windows
4 in-car measurement stopped 30 min closed windows
Electronic cigarette with nicotine (2.75 mg)
Phase 2 in-car measurement in movementPhase 4 in-car measurement stopped
Conventional cigarette (2 cigs)
Phase 2 in-car measurement inmovementPhase 4 in-car measurement stopped
Measurements
Environmental exposure markers
PM2.5, PM1 and airborne nicotine (µg/m3)
Experiment B: electronic cigarette
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4
Experiment B: electronic cigarettePhase 2
Experiment B: electronic cigarettePhase 4
Experiment C: conventional cigarette
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4
Experiment C: conventional cigarette
Phase 2
Control(n=5)
Electronic cigarettes
(n=5)
Conventional cigarettes
(n=5)
PM1.0 (µg/m3) 2.6 (1.6; 4.9) 15.1 (13.0; 24.7) 4125.2
PM2.5 (µg/m3) 3.6 (2.1; 7.3) 22.9 (19.0; 44.5) 5158.4
Airborne nicotine (µg/m3) 0.01 (0.01; 0.01) 1.0 (0.4; 2.0) 162.4
Median (and interquartile range) of particulate matter (PM1.0 & PM2.5) and airborne nicotine in a series of controlled experiments during 30-minutes periods in a stopped car with closed windows.
Conclusions
The environmental markers objectively show the emissions to the environment of PMs and nicotine
In a small, closed space, such a car, the use of an e-cigarette (with a nicotine charge equivalent to 2 traditional cigarettes) during a short period of time produces PM above the WHO limits.
Exhaled vapor from electronic cigarettes pollutes the air with fine particles and nicotine
Is there a “passive exposure” to the emissions (the vapor) of electronic cigarettes?
People exposed to exhaled vapor from electronic cigarettes incorporate and metabolize nicotine.
Secondhand exposure to e-cigarettes emissions
Esteve Ferná[email protected]
@stvfdz
In memoriam Manel Nebot