Section 1-4 Tools & Procedures

Warm Up 2-13-07

Parts of a Microscope and their Function

Open your book to page 1070

Copy the 15 parts & functions of the Microscope in your notebook

Metric System – SI System

Most common system of measurement

It’s a system based on decimals and multiples of 10.

Very easy to use !!!!

Common Metric Units

Length – the distance from one point to another

meter (m): slightly longer than a yard (3 feet)

Common Metric Units

Volume – the amount of space an object takes up

Liter (L) – slightly more than a quart of milk

Common Metric Units

Mass – amount of matter in an object

gram (g) – equal to a paper clip

Common Metric Units

Temperature – measure of hotness and

coldnessdegrees Celsius – (ºC)

- 0ºC = freezing point of H20

- 100ºC = boiling point of H20

Metric System Conversions

Prefix Symbol Multiplying Factormega M 1 000 000 kilo k 1 000hecto h 100deka da 10meter m

deci d 0.1centi cm 0.01milli m 0.001

** do not copy in notebook**

English – Metric Equivalents

1 inch (in.) = 2.54 centimeters (cm)39.97 inches (in.) or 3 feet 3.97 inches (in) = 1 meter (m)0.62 miles (mi) = 1 kilometer (km)1.06 quarts (qt.) = 1 liter (L)1 cup (c) = 236 milliliters (mL)2.2 pounds (lb.) = 1 kilogram (kg)1 ounce (oz) = 28.3 grams (g)ºC = 5/9 x (ºF – 32)

** do not copy into notebook**

Warm up 2-14-07 Answer the following questions based on

Tuesday’s lecture: (try to answer each one without the help of your notebook or book)

*What is the metric system?*What is another name of the metric system?*What country does not use the Metric system?*What is the common metric unit for length?*A liter compares to what in American measurement?*What is the freezing point of water in °C and °F?*What is the boiling point of water in °C and °F

Analyzing Biological Data

Scientists organize data by recording it in a table

Then they make a graph to make it easy to understand

Water Released and Absorbed by Tree

Time Absorbedby Roots

(g/h)

Releasedby Leaves

(g/h)

8 AM

10 AM

12 PM

2 PM

4 PM

6 PM

8 PM

5

2

10

14

9

6

4

1

1

12

17

16

10

3

Water released by leaves

Water released by leaves

Rel

ati

ve

Rat

es

(g/h

)

20

Time

0

15

10

5

8 AM 10 AM 12 PM 2 PM 4 PM 6 PM 8 PM

Microscopes

Devices used to produce magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye

Light Microscopes

Produce magnified images by using LIGHT.

*Clearly magnifies an object 1000 times its original size

** MOST COMMONLY USED **

Compound Light Microscopes

Allows light to pass through the

specimen (sample)

Uses 2 lenses to form

the imageCan observe both

dead & alive specimens

Electron Microscopes

Used to magnify images that a light microscope cannot

Uses a beam of electrons to produce image

Images produced are 1000 times better than a light microscope

Can only be used on dead specimens

2 Types of Electron Microscopes

Scanning Electron Microscope

- scan back & forth across the surface of the specimen

- produces realistic, 3D images of the surface

Transmission Electron Microscope

- shines through the specimen

- produce 3D images inside of object

How to Use a Microscope Film Write down the following questions in your notebook. You will

answer them while you view the film.

*Who was the 1st person to develop the microscope?

*List 3 types of microscopes

*The ocular is also known as the _______________.

*The object being magnified is called the _______.

*_______ holds the slides in place.

*The light or mirror is found at the ________ of the microscope.

*Course adjustment is used to bring the specimen _________ to the lens.

*How much water do you use to prepare a slide?

*If a specimen is too thin, you can add a drop of ____ to see it better.

*When you move the slide to the left, the image will move to the _____.

Laboratory TechniquesCell Culture – group of cells that

developed from one single cell

- used to:

1. test cell responses under controlled conditions

2. to study interactions between cells

3. to select specific cells for further study

Laboratory Techniques

Cell Fractionation – separating cell parts

Method:

1. cells are broken up in a blender

2. pieces of cell & a liquid is placed in a tube

3. tube placed in a Centrifuge:

- machine that spins tube

4. spinning causes parts to separate

5. scientists can study the individual parts

Working Safely in Your Science Class

Safety rules are very important in our classroom

Top 3 Most Important Safety Rules

1. Always follow your teacher’s

instructions

2. Always read instructions carefully

3. Always wash your hands after activities

Safety Symbols Activity

Use page 1068 Draw and define the following Safety

Symbols in your notebook

Safety Goggles Poison

Breakage Disposal

Plastic Gloves Hand Washing

Sharp Object Electric Shock

General Awareness Safety

Study Guide for Chapter One Test 16 vocab words – matching (words on the board) Common metric units (meter, liter, gram, °C) Differences between the metric system & American system

of measurement Differences between microscopes All questions from Microscope film. All parts of the microscope & the their function (just like quiz)

Know how to label the microscope (just like quiz) Know the top 3 safety rules in a science classroom Be able to label the 10 safety symbols (foldable) Levels of organization in order & examples of each level 8 Characteristics of Life Know how to spell deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Vocabulary for Chapter OneCells Biology

Unicellular table

Multicellular graph

Sexual reproduction specimen

Asexual reproduction

DNA (know how to spell it)

Growth

Develop

Metabolism

Adaption

Homeostasis

Evolution