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MALAY–SINO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES SDN BHD (16055-T)
SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
CHLORINE (Cl2)
Issue Date: 03rd
June 2016
Revision: 1
1 of 26
SECTION 1 – THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL AND OF
SUPPLIER
CAS NO
7782 – 50 – 5
PRODUCT NAME CHLORINE PROPER SHIPPING NAME CHLORINE PRODUCT USE Water purification; bleaching agent, particularly for paper and textiles; manufacture of
bleaching powder; manufacture of chemicals such as chlorinated hydrocarbons, ethylene
glycol, glycerine and tetraethyl lead. Intermediate MANUFACTURER
MALAY-SINO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES SDN. BHD.
Lot 4406, Kawasan Perindustrian Teluk Kalong,
24000 Kemaman, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Telephone: (609) 8633529/30
Fax: (609) 8633531
Email: [email protected]
Toll Free No: 1800-88-0732
SECTION 2 – HAZARD INDENTIFICATION
ICOP Classification
Gases under pressure Liquefied gas
Skin irritation category 2
Serious eye damage or eye irritation category 2
Acute Toxicity (inhalation) category 3
Specific target organ toxicity-single exposure category 3
Hazardous to the aquatic environment - acute hazard category 1
MALAY–SINO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES SDN BHD (16055-T)
SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
CHLORINE (Cl2)
Issue Date: 03rd
June 2016
Revision: 1
2 of 26
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
Signal Word : DANGER
DETERMINED BY USING ICOP CRITERIA
HAZARD STATEMENT
H-280 Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated.
H-315 Causes skin irritation.
H-319 Causes serious eye irritation.
H-331 Toxic if inhaled.
H-335 May cause respiratory irritation (respiratory tract irritation).
H-400 Very toxic to aquatic life.
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
Prevention
Code Phrase
P261 Avoid breathing dust/ fume/ gas/ mist/ vapours/ spray.
P264 Wash hand / skin thoroughly after handling.
P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P280 Wear protective gloves / protective clothing/ eye protection/ face
Protection.
P273 Avoid release to the environment
Response
Code Phrase
P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a
position comfortable for breathing.
P311 Call a POISON CENTER or doctor / physician.
P321 Specific treatment is urgent.
P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove
contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P337 + P313 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P332+P313 If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P362 Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
P391 Collect spillage.
Storage
Code Phrase
P403+P233 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P405 Store locked up.
P410+P403 Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place.
MALAY–SINO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES SDN BHD (16055-T)
SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
CHLORINE (Cl2)
Issue Date: 03rd
June 2016
Revision: 1
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Storage
Code Phrase
P501 Dispose of contents/ container to designated and secure place/area
only.
SECTION 3 – THE COMPOSITION AND INFORMATION OF THE INGREDIENTS OF
HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL
NAME CAS RN %
Chlorine 7782-50-5 > 99.8%
SECTION 4 – FIRST AID MEASURES
SWALLOWED
Not considered a normal route of entry.
EYE
If product comes in contact with the eyes remove the patient from gas source or
contaminated area.
Take the patient to the nearest eye wash, shower or other source of clean water.
Open the eyelid(s) wide to allow the material to evaporate.
Gently rinse the affected eye(s) with clean, cool water for at least 15 minutes. Have the
patient lie or sit down and tilt the head back. Hold the eyelid(s) open and pour water
slowly over the eyeball(s) at the inner corners, letting the water run out of the outer
corners.
The patient may be in great pain and wish to keep the eyes closed. It is important that the
material is rinsed from the eyes to prevent further damage.
Ensure that the patient looks up, and side to side as the eye is rinsed in order to better
reach all parts of the eye(s) Transport to hospital or doctor. Even when no pain persists and vision is good, a doctor should examine the eye as
delayed damage may occur. If the patient cannot tolerate light, protect the eyes with a clean, loosely tied bandage. Ensure verbal communication and physical contact with the patient. DO NOT allow the patient to rub the eyes DO NOT allow the patient to tightly shut the eyes DO NOT introduce oil or ointment into the eye(s) without medical advice DO NOT use hot or tepid water.
MALAY–SINO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES SDN BHD (16055-T)
SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
CHLORINE (Cl2)
Issue Date: 03rd
June 2016
Revision: 1
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SKIN
If skin or hair contact occurs:
Immediately flush body and clothes with large amounts of water, using safety shower if
available.
Quickly remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear.
Wash skin and hair with running water. Continue flushing with water until advised to stop
by the Poisons Information Centre.
Transport to hospital or doctor without delay.
In case of cold burns (frost-bite): Move casualty into warmth before thawing the affected part; if feet are affected carry if
possible Bathe the affected area immediately in luke-warm water (not more than 35 deg C) for 10
to 15 minutes, immersing if possible and without rubbing
DO NOT apply hot water or radiant heat. Apply a clean, dry, light dressing of "fluffed-up" dry gauze bandage If a limb is involved, raise and support this to reduce swelling If an adult is involved and where intense pain occurs provide pain killers such as
paracetomol Transport to hospital, or doctor Subsequent blackening of the exposed tissue indicates potential of necrosis, which may
require amputation.
INHALED
Inhalation of vapours or aerosols (mists, fumes) may cause lung edema. Corrosive substances may cause lung damage (e.g. lung edema, fluid in the lungs). As this reaction may be delayed up to 24 hours after exposure, affected individuals need
complete rest (preferably in semi-recumbent posture) and must be kept under medical
observation even if no symptoms are (yet) manifested. Before any such manifestation, the administration of a spray containing a dexamethasone
derivative or beclomethasone derivative may be considered. This must definitely be left to a doctor or person authorised by him/her. (ICSC13719). Following exposure to gas, remove the patient from the gas source or contaminated area. NOTE: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), including positive pressure self-contained
breathing apparatus may be required to assure the safety of the rescuer.
Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block the airway, should be removed, where
possible, prior to initiating first aid procedures.
If the patient is not breathing spontaneously, administer rescue breathing. If the patient does not have a pulse, administer CPR. If medical oxygen and appropriately trained personnel are available, administer 100%
oxygen. Summon an emergency ambulance. If an ambulance is not available, contact a physician,
MALAY–SINO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES SDN BHD (16055-T)
SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
CHLORINE (Cl2)
Issue Date: 03rd
June 2016
Revision: 1
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hospital, or Poison Control Centre for further instruction.
Keep the patient warm, comfortable and at rest while awaiting medical care. MONITOR THE BREATHING AND PULSE, CONTINUOUSLY. Administer rescue breathing (preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve
mask-device, or pocket mask as trained) or CPR if necessary.
SECTION 5 – FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA
Water spray or fog.
Foam.
Dry chemical powder.
Carbon dioxide.
Do not apply water directly to a chlorine leak.
FIRE FIGHTING
GENERAL
Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
May be violently or explosively reactive.
Wear full body protective clothing with breathing apparatus.
Fight fire from a safe distance, with adequate cover.
If safe, switch off electrical equipment until vapour fire hazard removed.
Use water delivered as a fine spray to control fire and cool adjacent area.
DO NOT approach cylinders suspected to be hot.
Cool fire exposed cylinders with water spray from a protected location.
If safe to do so, remove cylinders from path of fire.
Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use.
FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES:
Excessive pressures may develop in a gas cylinder exposed in a fire; this may result in
explosion.
Cylinders with pressure relief devices may release their contents as a result of fire and
the released gas may constitute a further source of hazard for the fire-fighter.
Cylinders without pressure-relief valves have no provision for controlled release and
are therefore more likely to explode if exposed to fire.
FIRE FIGHTING REQUIREMENTS:
Positive pressure, self-contained breathing apparatus is required for fire-fighting of
hazardous materials. Full structural fire-fighting (bunker) gear is the minimum acceptable attire.
MALAY–SINO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES SDN BHD (16055-T)
SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
CHLORINE (Cl2)
Issue Date: 03rd
June 2016
Revision: 1
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The need for proximity, entry and special protective clothing should be determined
for each incident, by a competent fire-fighting safety professional. When any large container (including road and rail tankers) is involved in a fire,
consider evacuation by 1500 meters in all directions.
FIRE/ EXPLOSION HAZARD
Containers may explode when heated - Ruptured cylinders may rocket May burn but does not ignite easily. Fire exposed cylinders may vent contents through pressure relief devices thereby
increasing vapour concentration. Fire may produce irritating, poisonous or corrosive gases. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. May decompose explosively when heated or involved in fire. Contact with gas may cause burns, severe injury and/ or frostbite. POISONOUS: MAY BE FATAL IF INHALED, SWALLOWED OR ABSORBED
THROUGH SKIN.
Decomposition may produce toxic fumes of: hydrogen chloride. Contains low boiling substance: Closed containers may rupture due to pressure buildup
under fire conditions. Chlorine is non-flammable but supports combustion.
Oxidising agent causes fires or explosions upon contact with organic substances and
many common chemicals. Emits highly toxic fumes upon heating. The main danger from a fire in a chlorine storage area is that a major chlorine escape may
occur by rupture of containers at high temperatures.
Safety plugs on liquid chlorine cylinders may fuse at 70 C.
FIRE INCOMPATIBILITY
None known SECTION 6 – ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
MINOR SPILLS
Drains for storage or use areas should have retention basins for pH adjustments and
dilution of spills before discharge or disposal of material. Check regularly for spills and leaks. Avoid breathing vapour and any contact with liquid or gas. Protective equipment
including respirator should be used. DO NOT enter confined spaces were gas may have accumulated. Increase ventilation. Clear area of personnel.
MALAY–SINO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES SDN BHD (16055-T)
SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
CHLORINE (Cl2)
Issue Date: 03rd
June 2016
Revision: 1
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Stop leak only if safe to so do. Remove leaking cylinders to safe place. Release pressure under safe controlled conditions
by opening valve. Do not exert excessive pressure on the valve; do not attempt to operate a damaged valve Orientate cylinder so that the leak is gas, not liquid, to minimise rate of leakage Keep area clear of personnel until gas has dispersed.
MAJOR SPILLS
Clear area of all unprotected personnel and move upwind. Alert Emergency Authority and advise them of the location and nature of hazard. Wear full body clothing with breathing apparatus. Prevent by any means available, spillage from entering drains and water-courses. Consider evacuation. Increase ventilation. No smoking or naked lights within area. Stop leak only if safe to so do. Water spray or fog may be used to disperse vapour. DO NOT enter confined space where gas may have collected. Keep area clear until gas has dispersed. Remove leaking cylinders to a safe place. Fit vent pipes. Release pressure under safe, controlled conditions Burn issuing gas at vent pipes. DO NOT exert excessive pressure on valve; DO NOT attempt to operate damaged valve. For gas spills: Avoid spraying water directly onto leaking containers as this will increase gas hazard. For
liquid spills: Avoid breathing vapours - large volumes of gas will evaporate from liquid spills. Prevent
spillage from entering drains. Contain liquid spillage with sand, earth, inert material or
vermiculite. Cover and absorb liquid with protein foam (150 mm thick). Avoid spraying
water onto liquid pools as this will increase evolution of chlorine gas.
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS FOR SPILL
SMALL SPILLS
Name Isolation Distance Downwind Day Protection Night
Chlorine 100 ft (30 m) 0.2 mile (0.3 km) 0.7 mile (1.1 km)
LARGE SPILLS
Name Isolation Distance Downwind Day Protection Night
MALAY–SINO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES SDN BHD (16055-T)
SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
CHLORINE (Cl2)
Issue Date: 03rd
June 2016
Revision: 1
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Chlorine 900 ft (275 m) 1.7 mile (2.7 km) 4.2 mile (6.8 km)
From IERG (Canada/ Australia)
Isolation Distance 100 metres
Downwind Protection Distance 800 metres
IERG Number 12
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING GUIDELINES (ERPG)
The maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all individuals
could be exposed for up to one hour WITHOUT experiencing or developing
Life-threatening health effects is: chlorine 20 ppm
Irreversible or other serious effects or symptoms which could impair an individual’s ability to
take protective action is: chlorine 3 ppm
Other than mild, transient adverse effects without perceiving a clearly defined odour is:
chlorine 1 ppm*
American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) Ingredients considered according to the following cutoffs
Very Toxic (T+) >= 0.1 % Toxic (T) >= 3.0 %
R50 >= 0.25 % Corrosive >= 5.0 %
R51 >= 2.5 %
Else >= 10 %
Where percentage is percentage of ingredient found in the mixture
Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the SDS. SECTION 7 – HANDLING AND STORAGE
PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING Consider use in closed pressurised systems, fitted with temperature, pressure and safety
relief valves which are vented for safe dispersal. The tubing network design connecting gas cylinders to the delivery system should include
appropriate pressure indicators and vacuum or suction lines. Fully-welded types of pressure gauges, where the bourdon tube sensing element is welded
to the gauge body, are recommended.
Before connecting gas cylinders, ensure manifold is mechanically secure and does not
containing another gas. Before disconnecting gas cylinder, isolate supply line segment
MALAY–SINO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES SDN BHD (16055-T)
SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
CHLORINE (Cl2)
Issue Date: 03rd
June 2016
Revision: 1
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proximal to cylinder, remove trapped gas in supply line with aid of vacuum pump
When connecting or replacing cylinders take care to avoid airborne particulates violently
ejected when system pressurises.
Consider the use of doubly-contained piping; diaphragm or bellows sealed, soft seat
valves; backflow prevention devices; flash arrestors; and flow monitoring or limiting
devices. Gas cabinets, with appropriate exhaust treatment, are recommended, as is
automatic monitoring of the secondary enclosures and work areas for release.
Use a pressure reducing regulator when connecting cylinder to lower pressure (<100 psig)
piping or systems Use a check valve or trap in the discharge line to prevent hazardous back-flow into the
cylinder Check regularly for spills or leaks. Keep valves tightly closed but do not apply extra
leverage to hand wheels or cylinder keys. Open valve slowly. If valve is resistant to opening then contact your supervisor Valve protection caps must remain in place must remain in place unless container is
secured with valve outlet piped to use point. Never insert a pointed object (e.g hooks) into cylinder cap openings as a means to open
cap or move cylinder. Such action can inadvertently turn the valve and gas a gas leak. Use
an adjustable strap instead of wrench to free an over-tight or rusted cap. A bubble of gas may buildup behind the outlet dust cap during transportation, after
prolonged storage, due to defective cylinder valve or if a dust cap is inserted without
adequate evacuation of gas from the line. When loosening dust cap, preferably stand
cylinder in a suitable enclosure and take cap off slowly. Never face the dust cap directly
when removing it; point cap away from any personnel or any object that may pose a
hazard. under negative pressure (relative to atmospheric gas) Do NOT drag, slide or roll cylinders - use a suitable hand truck for cylinder movement Test for leakage with brush and detergent - NEVER use a naked flame.
Do NOT heat cylinder by any means to increase the discharge rate of product from
cylinder. Leaking gland nuts may be tightened if necessary. If a cylinder valve will not close completely, remove the cylinder to a well ventilated
location (e.g. outside) and, when empty, tag as FAULTY and return to supplier. Obtain a work permit before attempting any repairs. DO NOT attempt repair work on lines, vessels under pressure. Atmospheres must be tested and O.K. before work resumes after leakage. DO NOT transfer gas from one cylinder to another. Reverse flow into containers must be prevented. Handle empty containers as if they were
full.
MALAY–SINO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES SDN BHD (16055-T)
SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
CHLORINE (Cl2)
Issue Date: 03rd
June 2016
Revision: 1
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PACKAGING MATERIAL INCOMPATIBILITIES
Chemical Name Container Type
Chlorine (dry) “Acetal (Delrinr)”, Aluminum, Brass, Bronze, “Buna N
(Nitrile)”, “Carbon Steel”, “Carpenter 20”, “Cast iron”, CPVC,
Epoxy, Hastelloy – Cr, Hypalonr, Hytrelr, Kel – Fr, LDPE,
“Natural rubber”, Neoprene, Nylon, “Polyetherether Ketone
(PEEK)”, Polypropylene, Polyurethane, “PPS (Rytonr)”, PVC,
Silicone, Titanium
SUITABLE CONTAINER Cylinder: Ensure the use of equipment rated for cylinder pressure. Ensure the use of compatible materials of construction. Valve protection cap to be in place until cylinder is secured, connected. Cylinder must be properly secured either in use or in storage. Cylinder valve must be closed when not in use or when empty. Segregate full from empty cylinders.
WARNING: Suckback into cylinder may result in rupture. Use back-flow preventive device
in piping. Use gases in cylinder sizes that will ensure complete usage of the cylinder content
in a reasonably short amount of time. STORAGE INCOMPATIBILITY Chlorine: is a strong oxidiser reacts explosively with acetylene, boron, diborane, or other boron hydrides at ordinary
temperatures forms easily ignited, sensitive explosive mixtures with gases and vapours such as
anhydrous ammonia, benzene, butane, ethane, ethylene, fluorine, hydrocarbons,
formaldehyde, hydrogen, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen chloride, oxygen, propane,
propene in the presence of heat, hot surfaces, welding arc, sparks, strong sunlight, UV
light, or a catalyst such as mercury oxide
contact with 2-carboxymethylisothiouronium chloride or s-ethylisothiouronium hydrogen
sulfate may form nitrogen trichloride. a dangerous explosive reacts violently with combustible materials, reducing agents, acetylene, molten
aluminium (ignites on contact with the gas), alcohols, arsenic compounds, arsine,
bismuth, boron, calcium compounds, carbon, diethylzinc, dimethylformamide, ether,
ethyl phosphine, fluorine, germanium, hydrocarbons, hydrazine, hydrogen sulfide,
hydroxylamine, iridium, lithium, lithium acetylide, magnesium, magnesium oxide,
magnesium phosphide, mercury sulfide, methyl vinyl ether, metal carbides, molybdenum
trioxide, potassium acetylide, sodium acetylide, sulfamic, sulfur dioxide, triethylborane
and many other substances
forms explosive mixtures with gasoline and petroleum products, such as mineral oil, ,
MALAY–SINO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES SDN BHD (16055-T)
SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
CHLORINE (Cl2)
Issue Date: 03rd
June 2016
Revision: 1
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greases, phosphorus, silicones, turpentine, finely divided metals, organic compounds
in its liquid form reacts explosively with carbon disulfide, linseed oil, propylene, rubber,
wax, white phosphorus
attacks some plastics and coatings may cause dangerous fires in contact with hot solid metals (especially steel - iron/
chlorine fire can cause the bursting of storage containers) when moist (150 ppm in water) is extremely corrosive to most metals especially in the
presence of heat.
reacts with water to give hydrogen chloride, with carbon monoxide to form phosgene, and
with sulfur dioxide to give sulfuryl chloride
Chlorine storage areas shall be separated from anhydrous ammonia storage areas by a
vapour path of at least 10 meters. Avoid any contamination of this material as it is very reactive and any contamination is
potentially hazardous. Avoid storage with reducing agents. Compressed gases may contain a large amount of kinetic energy over and above that
potentially available from the energy of reaction produced by the gas in chemical reaction
with other substances.
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS Store in an upright position. Cylinders should be stored in a purpose-built compound with good ventilation, preferably
in the open. Such compounds should be sited and built in accordance with statutory requirements. The storage compound should be kept clear and access restricted to authorised personnel
only. Cylinders stored in the open should be protected against rust and extremes of weather.
Cylinders in storage should be properly secured to prevent toppling or rolling. Cylinder valves should be closed when not in use. Where cylinders are fitted with valve protection this should be in place and properly
secured. Gas cylinders should be segregated according to the requirements of the Dangerous
Goods Act. Preferably store full and empty cylinders separately. Check storage areas for hazardous concentrations of gases prior to entry. Full cylinders should be arranged so that the oldest stock is used first. Cylinders in storage should be checked periodically for general condition and leakage. Protect cylinders against physical damage. Move and store cylinders correctly as
instructed for their manual handling. NOTE: A 'G' size cylinder is usually too heavy for an inexperienced operator to raise or
lower.
MALAY–SINO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES SDN BHD (16055-T)
SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
CHLORINE (Cl2)
Issue Date: 03rd
June 2016
Revision: 1
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SAFE STORAGE WITH OTHER CLASSIFIED CHEMICALS
X X X X X X
+: May be stored together O: May be stored together with specific preventions
X: Must not be stored together SECTION 8 – EXPOSURE CONTROLS AND PERSONAL PROTECTION
EXPOSURE CONTROLS
Source Material TWA ppm STEL ppm
Use And Standard Of Exposure
Of Chemical Hazardous To
Health (OSHA Act 1994)
Permissible Exposure Limits of chlorine (Chlorine) 0.5 1.5
Toxic Substances
EMERGENCY EXPOSURE LIMITS
Material Revised IDLH Value (mg/m3) Revised IDLH Value
(ppm)
Chlorine 1 10
ODOUR SAFETY FACTOR (OSF)
OSF = 1.6 (CHLORINE)
Exposed individuals are NOT reasonably expected to be warned, by smell, that the
Exposure Standard is being exceeded.
Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is determined to fall into either Class C, D or E.
The Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is defined as:
OSF= Exposure Standard (TWA) ppm/ Odour Threshold Value (OTV) ppm Classification into classes follows:
Class OSF Description
A 550 Over 90% of exposed individuals are aware by
smell that the Exposure Standard (TLV – TWA
for example) is being reached, even when
MALAY–SINO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES SDN BHD (16055-T)
SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
CHLORINE (Cl2)
Issue Date: 03rd
June 2016
Revision: 1
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distracted by working activities
B 26 – 550 As “A” for 50 – 90% of persons being distracted
C 1 – 26 As “A” for less than 50% of persons being
distracted
D 0.18 – 1 10 – 50% of persons aware of being tested
perceive
by smell that the Exposure Standard is being
reached
E <0.18 As “D” for less than 10% of persons aware of
being
tested
MATERIAL DATA
CHLORINE:
For chlorine:
Odour Threshold Value: 0.08 ppm (detection) - olfactory fatigue may develop NOTE: Detector tubes for chlorine, measuring in excess of 0.2 ppm, are commercially
available. Long-term measurements (8 hrs) may be conducted to detect concentrations
exceeding 0.13 ppm.
Smell is not a good indicator of severity of exposure in the range 0.5 to 2 ppm. In this
range subjects found exposure unpleasant with itching and burning of the throat reported
and occasionally an urge to cough. Significant differences in the responses of males and
females were also recorded with females often reporting headache and drowsiness. Exposure at 1 ppm chlorine for 8 hours produced significant changes in pulmonary
function and increased subjective irritation. Similar 8 hour exposures at 0.5 ppm produced
no significant pulmonary function changes and less severe subjective irritation. Exposures
for 2 hours at 2 ppm chlorine produced no significant changes in pulmonary irritation. An 8 hour exposure at 1.5 ppm produced increased mucous secretion from the nose and
increased mucous in the hypopharynx. Exposure at or below the TLV-TWA and STEL is
thought to protect the worker against annoying symptoms in nose, throat and conjunctiva
and declines in pulmonary function. Odour Safety Factor(OSF)
OSF=1.6 (CHLORINE).
PERSONAL PROTECTION
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SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
CHLORINE (Cl2)
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EYE
Chemical goggles.
Full face shield may be required for supplementary but never for primary protection of
eyes Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and concentrate
irritants. A written policy document, describing the wearing of lens or restrictions on use,
should be created for each workplace or task. This should include a review of lens
absorption and adsorption for the class of chemicals in use and an account of injury
experience. Medical and first-aid personnel should be trained in their removal and
suitable equipment should be readily available. In the event of chemical exposure, begin
eye irrigation immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens should be
removed at the first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be removed in a clean
environment only after workers have washed hands thoroughly. [CDC NIOSH Current
Intelligence Bulletin 59], [AS/NZS 1336 or national equivalent].
HANDS/ FEET
Neoprene gloves. When handling sealed and suitably insulated cylinders wear cloth or leather gloves. Insulated gloves:
NOTE: Insulated gloves should be loose fitting so that may be removed quickly if liquid
is spilled upon them. Insulated gloves are not made to permit hands to be placed in the
liquid; they provide only short-term protection from accidental contact with the liquid.
OTHER Overalls
PVC Apron
PVC protective suit may be required if exposure severe.
Eyewash unit. Ensure there is ready access to a safety shower.
GLOVE SELECTION INDEX Glove selection is based on a modified presentation of the: "Forsberg Clothing
Performance Index". The effect(s) of the following substance(s) are taken into account in the computer-
generated selection: water, sodium hydroxide.
Protective Material CPI*.
_____________________________________________
BUTYL/ NEOPRENE A
NEOPRENE A
NITRILE A
SARANEX – 23 A
MALAY–SINO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES SDN BHD (16055-T)
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VITON/ NEOPRENE A
PE B
_____________________________________________
* CPI – Chemwatch Performance Index
A: Best Selection
B: Satisfactory; may degrade after 4 hours continuous immersion
C: Poor to Dangerous Choice for other than short term immersion.
NOTE: As a series of factors will influence the actual performance of the glove, a final
selection must be based on detailed observation. –
* Where the glove is to be used on a short term, casual or infrequent basis, factors such as
"feel" or convenience (e.g. disposability), may dictate a choice of gloves which might
otherwise be unsuitable following long-term or frequent use. A qualified practitioner
should be consulted.
RESPIRATOR Type B-P Filter of sufficient capacity. (AS/NZS 1716 & 1715, EN 143:2000 & 149:2001,
ANSI Z88 or national equivalent) Selection of the Class and Type of respirator will depend upon the level of breathing zone
contaminant and the chemical nature of the contaminant. Protection Factors (defined as
the ratio of contaminant outside and inside the mask) may also be important.
Required minimum Maximum gas/vapour Half-face Respirator Full-face
Respirator
Protection factor concentration present
In air p.p.m. (by volume)
Up to 10 1000 b – AUS/ Class 1 p -
Up to 50 1000 - b – AUS/ Class
1 p
Up to 50 5000 Airline* -
Up to 100 5000 - b – 2 p
Up to 100 10000 - b – 3 p
100+ Airline**
* - Continuous Flow ** - Continuous-flow or positive pressure demand A (All classes) = Organic vapours, B AUS or B1 = Acid gasses, B2 = Acid gas or hydrogen
cyanide(HCN), B3 = Acid gas or hydrogen cyanide(HCN), E = Sulfur dioxide(SO2), G =
Agricultural chemicals, K = Ammonia(NH3), Hg = Mercury, NO = Oxides of nitrogen, MB
= Methyl bromide, AX = Low boiling point organic compounds(below 65 degC). Positive pressure, full face, air-supplied breathing apparatus should be used for work in
enclosed spaces if a leak is suspected or the primary containment is to be opened (e.g. for
MALAY–SINO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES SDN BHD (16055-T)
SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
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a cylinder change) Air-supplied breathing apparatus is required where release of gas from primary
containment is either suspected or demonstrated. The local concentration of material, quantity and conditions of use determine the type of
personal protective equipment required. For further information consult site specific
CHEMWATCH data (if available), or your Occupational Health and Safety Advisor.
ENGINEERING CONTROLS Engineering controls are used to remove a hazard or place a barrier between the worker
and the hazard. Well-designed engineering controls can be highly effective in protecting
workers and will typically be independent of worker interactions to provide this high
level of protection.
The basic types of engineering controls are:
Process controls which involve changing the way a job activity or process is done to
reduce the risk. Enclosure and/or isolation of emission source which keeps a selected hazard "physically"
away from the worker and ventilation that strategically "adds" and "removes" air in the
work environment. Ventilation can remove or dilute an air contaminant if designed
properly. The design of a ventilation system must match the particular process and
chemical or contaminant in use.
Employers may need to use multiple types of controls to prevent employee overexposure.
Areas where cylinders are stored require good ventilation and, if enclosed, need
discrete/controlled exhaust ventilation.
Secondary containment and exhaust gas treatment may be required by certain
jurisdictions
Local exhaust ventilation is required in work areas.
Consideration should be given to the use of doubly-contained piping; diaphragm or
bellows-sealed, soft-seat valves; backflow prevention devices; and flow- monitoring or
limiting devices.
Gas cabinets, with appropriate exhaust treatment, are recommended, as is automatic
monitoring of the secondary enclosures and workplaces, for potential release.
Automated alerting systems with automatic shutdown of gas-flow may be appropriate and
may in fact be mandatory in certain jurisdictions.
Respiratory protection in the form of air-supplied or self-contained breathing equipment
must be worn if the oxygen concentration in the workplace air is less than 19%.
Cartridge respirators do NOT give protection and may result in rapid suffocation.
If inhalation risk exists, wear full face, self contained breathing apparatus in the positive
pressure mode. Chlorine vapours will not be adequately absorbed by organic vapour
respirators. [NSW D.I.R. 3 – 1982]
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SECTION 9 – PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
APPEARANCE Packed as liquid under pressure and remains liquid only under pressure. Sudden release of
pressure or leakage may result in rapid vapourisation with generation of large volumes of
gas. Greenish-yellow gas or amber liquid when under pressure, with acutely irritating and
pungent odour. Slightly soluble in water and alkalis. Soluble in many organic solvents but
may react violently. Gas has a relative density of 2.5 and may collect in pits, depressions.
Chlorine is an oxidising agent and may assist combustion. Properties at NTP: Gas density
2.980 g/L Liquid density 1.56 kg/l Vapour Pressure 689 KPa @ 21 °C. Relative gas density 2.473 @ 20 °C where air = 1. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Gas. Does not mix with water. Sinks in water. Corrosive. Toxic or noxious vapours/gas.
State Liquefied gas Molecular Weight 70.9
Melting Range (°C) - 101 Viscosity Not
available
Boiling Range (°C) - 34.6 Solubility in water (g/L) 0.7g/ 100ml
Flash Point (°C) Non Flammable pH (1 % Solution) Not
available Decomposition Temp (°C) Not Available pH (as supplied) Not
applicable
Autoignition Temp (°C) Not Applicable Vapour Pressure (kPa) 638 @
20°C
Upper Explosive Limit (%) Not Applicable Specific Gravity (water=1) 1.4 @ 20°C
liq
Lower Explosive Limit (%) Not Applicable Relative Vapour Density 2.5 @ 20°C
(air=1)
Volatile Component (%vol) 100 Evaporation Rate Fast
SECTION 10 – STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INSTABILITY Presence of incompatible materials.
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Product is considered stable. Hazardous polymerisation will not occur. For incompatible materials - refer to Section 7 - Handling and Storage.
SECTION 11 – TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS
ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS
SWALLOWED Overexposure is unlikely in this form. Not normally a hazard due to physical form of product.
EYE The material can produce chemical burns to the eye following direct contact. Vapours or
mists may be extremely irritating. Vapourising liquid causes rapid cooling and contact may cause cold burns, frostbite, even
through normal gloves. Frozen skin tissues are painless and appear waxy and yellow.
Signs and symptoms of frost-bite may include "pins and needles", paleness followed by
numbness, a hardening an stiffening of the skin, a progression of colour changes in the
affected area, (first white, then mottled and blue and eventually black; on recovery, red,
hot, painful and blistered).
When applied to the eye(s) of animals, the material produces severe ocular lesions which
are present twenty-four hours or more after instillation.
SKIN The material can produce chemical burns following direct contact with the skin. Skin contact is not thought to produce harmful health effects (as classified under EC
Directives using animal models). Systemic harm, however, has been identified following
exposure of animals by at least one other route and the material may still produce health
damage following entry through wounds, lesions or abrasions. Good hygiene practice
requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable gloves be used in an
occupational setting. Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this material. Entry into the blood-stream through, for example, cuts, abrasions, puncture wounds or
lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine the skin prior to the
use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected.
Vapourising liquid causes rapid cooling and contact may cause cold burns, frostbite, even
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through normal gloves. Frozen skin tissues are painless and appear waxy and yellow.
Signs and symptoms of frost-bite may include "pins and needles", paleness followed by
numbness, a hardening an stiffening of the skin, a progression of colour changes in the
affected area, (first white, then mottled and blue and eventually black; on recovery, red,
hot, painful and blistered).
INHALED Inhalation of vapours or aerosols (mists, fumes), generated by the material during the
course of normal handling, may produce toxic effects. Inhalation of the vapour is hazardous and may even be fatal. The use of a quantity of material in an unventilated or confined space may result in
increased exposure and an irritating atmosphere developing. Before starting consider
control of exposure by mechanical ventilation.
Common, generalised symptoms associated with toxic gas inhalation include: central nervous system effects such as depression, headache, confusion, dizziness,
progressive stupor, coma and seizures;
respiratory system complications may include acute pulmonary edema, dyspnoea,
stridor, tachypnoea, bronchospasm, wheezing and other reactive airway symptoms, and respiratory arrest;
cardiovascular effects may include cardiovascular collapse, arrhythmias and cardiac
arrest; gastrointestinal effects may also be present and may include mucous membrane
irritation, nausea and vomiting (sometimes bloody), and abdominal pain.
Chlorine vapour is extremely irritating to the upper respiratory tract and lungs.
Symptoms of exposure to chlorine include coughing, choking, breathing difficulty, chest
pain, headache, vomiting, pulmonary edema. Inhalation may cause lung congestion,
bronchitis and loss of consciousness.
Effects may be delayed. Delayed effects of exposure to chlorine vapour can include
shortness of breath, violent headaches, pulmonary edema and pneumonia.
Earlier reports suggested that concentrations around 5 ppm chlorine caused respiratory
complaints, corrosion of the teeth, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose
and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis in chronically-exposed workers. Recent
studies have not confirmed these findings. Concentrations too low to effect the lower
respiratory tract may however irritate the eyes, nose and throat. Amongst 29 volunteers exposed at 0.5, 1 or 2 ppm chlorine for 4 to 8 hours the following
responses were recorded: itching or burning of the nose, itching or burning of the throat,
production of tears, urge to cough, runny nose, nausea, headache, general discomfort,
dizziness, drowsiness and shortness of breath.
Material is highly volatile and may quickly form a concentrated atmosphere in confined
or unventilated areas. Vapour is heavier than air and may displace and replace air in
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breathing zone, acting as a simple asphyxiant. This may happen with little warning of
overexposure.
CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS Repeated or prolonged exposure to corrosives may result in the erosion of teeth,
inflammatory and ulcerative changes in the mouth and necrosis (rarely) of the jaw.
Bronchial irritation, with cough, and frequent attacks of bronchial pneumonia may ensue.
Gastrointestinal disturbances may also occur. Chronic exposures may result in dermatitis
and/or conjunctivitis. Limited evidence suggests that repeated or long-term occupational exposure may produce
cumulative health effects involving organs or biochemical systems.
Principal route of occupational exposure to the gas is by inhalation. Reduced respiratory capacity may result from chronic low level exposure to chlorine gas.
Chronic poisoning may result in coughing, severe chest pains, sore throat and
haemoptysis (bloody sputum). Moderate to severe exposures over 3 years produced
decreased lung capacity in a number of workers.
Delayed effects can include shortness of breath, violent headaches, pulmonary edema and
pneumonia. Amongst chloralkali workers exposed to mean concentrations of 0.15 ppm
for an average of 10.9 years a generalised pattern of fatigue (exposures of 0.5 ppm and
above) and a modest increased incidence of anxiety and dizziness were recorded.
Leukocytosis and a lower haematocrit showed some relation to exposure.
TOXICITY AND IRRITATION CHLORINE: Unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of
Chemical Substances. SODIUM HYDROXIDE: Unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of
Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Inhalation (human) LCLo: 500 ppm/5 minutes Inhalation (rat) LC50: 293 ppm/1 hour
Asthma-like symptoms may continue for months or even years after exposure to the
material ceases. This may be due to a non-allergenic condition known as reactive airways
dysfunction syndrome (RADS) which can occur following exposure to high levels of
highly irritating compound. Key criteria for the diagnosis of RADS include the absence of
preceding respiratory disease, in a non-atopic individual, with abrupt onset of persistent
asthma-like symptoms within minutes to hours of a documented exposure to the irritant.
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A reversible airflow pattern, on spirometry, with the presence of moderate to severe
bronchial hyperreactivity on methacholine challenge testing and the lack of minimal
lymphocytic inflammation, without eosinophilia, have also been included in the criteria
for diagnosis of RADS. RADS (or asthma) following an irritating inhalation is an
infrequent disorder with rates related to the concentration of and duration of exposure to
the irritating substance. Industrial bronchitis, on the other hand, is a disorder that occurs
as result of exposure due to high concentrations of irritating substance (often particulate
in nature) and is completely reversible after exposure ceases. The disorder is
characterised by dyspnea, cough and mucus production. SECTION 12 – ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Chlorine 96 hr LC50 (0.84) mg/L Green sunfish Fish Source:
CHLORINE:
Marine Pollutant Hazardous Air pollutant:
Yes Fish LC50 (96 hr) (mg/l)
0.44 Daphnia magna EC50 (48 hr) (mg/l)
Very toxic to aquatic organisms. Do NOT allow product to come in contact with surface waters or to intertidal areas below the
mean high water mark. Do not contaminate water when cleaning equipment or disposing of
equipment wash-waters. Wastes resulting from use of the product must be disposed of on site
or at approved waste sites.
For chlorine:
Environmental fate: Atmospheric chlorine produced as a result of such process as disinfection forms
hydrochloric (HCl) or hypochlorous (HOCl) acid in the atmosphere, either through
reactions with hydroxy radicals or other trace species such as hydrocarbons. These acids
are believed to removed from the atmosphere primarily through precipitation washout
(i.e. wet deposition as chlorine is scrubbed out by rain in the subcloud layer) or dry
deposition as gaseous chlorine contacts and reacts with the earths surface. Water chlorination, resulting from municipal and industrial wastewater treatment and
cooling water disinfection, initially introduces chlorine into the water as chlorine gas,
hypochlorite ion (OCl-), or its salt. These forms of chlorine are termed free residual
chlorines (FRC). Chlorine in aqueous systems volatilises or quickly decays to residual
forms such as hypochlorous acid, chloramine and chlorinated organics. Aquatic chemistry
is determined by aquatic factors including pH, ammonium ion (which combines with
chlorine to produce chloramine) and certain other reducing agents. Inorganic reducing
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agents in estuarine waters include sulfur, iron and manganese. Other organic compounds
in water also contribute to chlorine decay rate. The reactions of chlorine or hypochlorites
in water produce a number of by-products many of which have been implicated as
genotoxic or tumourigenic. Chlorine, added to drinking water as chlorine gas (Cl2) or hypochlorite salts (e.g.,
NaOCl), effectively inactivates bacteria in 20 minutes at concentrations of 0.03 to 0.06
mg/l at pH range of 7.0 to 8.5 and temperature range of 4 deg.C to 22 deg.C.
Chlorine disinfectants in wastewater react with organic matters, giving rise to organic
chlorine compounds such as AOX (halogenated organic compounds absorbable on
activated carbon), which are toxic for aquatic organisms and are persistent environmental
contaminants. Chlorine hydrolyses very rapidly in water (rate constants range from 1.5 x 10-4 at deg. C
to 4.0 x 10-4 at 25 deg.C; half-life in natural waters, 0.005 seconds. In fresh and
wastewaters at pH >6, complete hydrolysis occurs with the formation of hypochlorous
acid (HOCl) and chloride ion (Cl-). The hypochlorous acid ionizes to hydrogen ion (H+)
and hypochlorite ion (OCl-). At pH values >5, OCl- predominates; at pH values <5,
HOCl predominates. Free chlorine (Cl2, HOCl, and OCl-) reacts rapidly with inorganics
such as bromide and more slowly with organic material present in natural waters. These
reactions yield chloride, oxidised organics, chloroorganics (including trihalomethanes),
oxygen, nitrogen, chlorate, bromate and bromoorganics. Chlorines ultimate aqueous fate
is chloride. Vapourisation of molecular chlorine (Cl2) from water to the atmosphere may be
significant at low pH values and high concentrations (e.g., pH 2 and 3500 mg/l chlorine),
but is insignificant at neutral pH and low concentrations. Vegetation acts as an important sink for chlorine air pollution. Plant exposure to elevated
levels of chlorine can cause plant injury; however chlorine tends to be rapidly converted
to other less toxic forms. Atmospheric: When chlorine, hypochlorous acid or hydrogen chloride mixes in the
atmosphere with water vapour, dilute solutions of strong mineral acids are formed that
fall to earth as acid rain, snow, and fog, or acidified dry particles. Chlorine may react with soil components to form chlorides; depending on their water
solubility, these chlorides are easily washed out from the soil. Bioaccumulation/ bioconcentration: There is no potential for the bioaccumulation or
bioconcentration of chlorine.
Ecotoxicity: Fish LC50 (96 h): 0.015 – 13.5 mg/l
Chlorine has high acute toxicity to aquatic organisms; many toxicity values are less than
or equal to 1 mg/l.
Twenty-four-hour LC50 values range from 0.076 to 0.16 mg/l for Daphnia magna (water
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flea) and from 0.005 to 0.1 m/l for Daphnia pulex (cladocern); 48-hour LC50 values
range from 5.3 to 12.8 m/l for Nitocra spinipes (snail); and 96-hour LC50 values range
from 0.13 to 0.29 mg/L for Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), from 0.1 to 0.18 mg/l
for Salvelinus fontinalis (brook trout), and from 0.71-0.82 mg/l for Lepomis cyanellus
(green sunfish)
Papillomas of the oral cavity in fish have been associated with exposure to chlorinated
water supplies.
Chlorine is phytotoxic but is also essential to plant growth; crops need around 2 kg or
more of chlorine per acre. Acute toxicity to plants is characterized by defoliation with no
leaf symptoms and, in higher plant forms, by spotting of the leaves (at 1.5 mg/m3) and
marginal and interveinal injury (at 150-300 mg/m3)
Data from experimental studies indicate that injury to animals occurs only in the presence
of high concentrations of chlorine, either in drinking water or the ambient atmosphere.
http://www.epa.gov/chemfact/s_chlori.txt
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY August 1994
DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.
The material is classified as an ecotoxin* because the Fish LC50 (96 hours) is less than or
equal to 0.1 mg/l
Classification of Substances as Ecotoxic (Dangerous to the Environment)
Appendix 8, Table 1: “Compiler's Guide for the Preparation of International Chemical
Safety Cards: 1993 Commission of the European Communities”.
Ecotoxicity Ingredient Persistence: Persistence: Air Bioaccumulation
Mobility
Water/ Soil
Chlorine No Data No Data LOW
Available Available SECTION 13 – DISPOSAL INFORMATION
Evaporate residue at an approved site. Return empty containers to supplier. If containers are marked non-returnable establish
means of disposal with manufacturer prior to purchase. Ensure damaged or non-returnable cylinders are gas-free before disposal. Empty containers may have residues. Chlorine may be absorbed in dilute solutions of caustic (NaOH), soda ash (Na2CO3) or
hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2). For every kg of chlorine: caustic and soda ash solution should
contain 0.36 kg/litre and lime 0.12 kg/litre. [Dow]
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WASTE DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
Collect and package recoverable quantities of chlorine into sealed containers and return to
the supplier. Wear personal protective clothing, rubber gloves, eye protection and a self-
contained breathing apparatus to control personal contact. Allow the chlorine gas to
bubble through a large volume of concentrated sodium sulfite or sodium bisulfite
solution. Once all reactions have ceased, neutralise and empty the contents into the drain
with at least 50 times its volume of water [Armour 1996]
SPILLAGE DISPOSAL Wear butyl rubber gloves, eye protection and self- contained breathing apparatus to
control personal contact from chlorine. Bubble the chlorine gas through sodium sulfite
solution and excess sodium carbonate solution. Ensure the solution is not sucked back
into the cylinder. Place the container in a well ventilated area, if the solution does enters
the cylinder. If the chlorine leak occurs in the valve assembly, cover the head of the
cylinder with a plastic bag and transfer to a well ventilated area [Armour 1996] SECTION 14 – TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION
Labels Required: TOXIC GAS and Environmental
Land Transport UNDG:
Class or division: 2.3 Subsidiary risk: 5.1; 8
UN No: 1017 UN packing group: None
Shipping Name: CHLORINE
Air Transport IATA:
ICAO/ IATA Class: 2.3 ICAO/ IATA Subrisk: 5.1; 8
UN/ ID Number: 1017 Packing Group: -
Special provisions: A2
Cargo only
Packing Instructions: Forbidden Maximum Qty/ Pack: Forbidden
Passenger and Cargo Passenger and Cargo
Packing Instructions: Forbidden Maximum Qty/ Pack: Forbidden
Passenger and Cargo Passenger and Cargo
Limited Quantity Limited Quantity
Packing Instructions: Forbidden Maximum Qty/ Pack: Forbidden
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Shipping Name: CHLORINE
Maritime Transport IMDG:
IMDG Class: 2.3 IMDG Subrisk: 5.1, 8 - P
UN Number: 1017 Packing Group: None
EMS Number: F – C, S – U Special Provisions: None
Limited Quantities: 0
Shipping Name: CHLORINE SECTION 15 – REGULATORY INFORMATION; AND
REGULATIONS
Occupational Safety & Health (Classification, Labeling, and Safety Data Sheet of Hazardous
Chemical) Regulation 2013.
The Industry Code of Practice on Chemical Classification and Hazard Communication 2013
(ICOP CCHC).
chlorine (CAS: 7782-50-5) is found on the following regulatory lists; "ASEAN Cosmetic Directive (ANNEX II - Part 1) List of Substances Which Must Not Form
Part of the Composition of Cosmetic Products", "International Council of Chemical
Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List", "OECD List of High Production
Volume (HPV) Chemicals", "Singapore Environmental Protection and Management
(Hazardous Substances) Regulations", "Singapore Environmental Protection and
Management Act (EPMA) - Air Impurities", "Singapore Environmental Protection and
Management Act (EPMA) - List of Controlled Hazardous Substances", "Singapore Odour
Thresholds and Irritation Concentration of Chemicals", "Singapore Permissible Exposure
Limits of Toxic Substances", "WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality - Guideline
values for chemicals that are of health significance in drinking-water" SECTION 16 – OTHER INFORMATION
MSDS SECTION CHANGES Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and
authoritative sources as well as independent review by the Malay-Sino Chemical
Industries Sdn Bhd Classification committee using available literature references. The (M)SDS is a Hazard Communication tool and should be used to assist in the Risk
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Assessment. Many factors determine whether the reported Hazards are Risks in the
workplace or other settings. Risks may be determined by reference to Exposures
Scenarios. Scale of use, frequency of use and current or available engineering controls
must be considered.
This document is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study,
research, review or criticism, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be
reproduced by any process without written permission from Malay-Sino Chemical
Industries Sdn Bhd.