Section 1- The Renaissance

The Crusades- Series of expeditions from 1000’s-1200’s◦Western Europeans (Christians) tried to capture

Holy Lands from Muslims◦Open trade routes link Europe to southwest Asia,

North Africa Europeans rediscover ideas of ancient Greece, Rome

◦Interest in ancient world sparks the Renaissance Cultural era of creativity, learning from 1300’s-

1500’s

Italian City States◦Renaissance begins on Italian Peninsula in mid-1300’s◦Peninsula is divided into independent city-states

Florence is the center of banking, trade, manufacturing

◦Cities grow, money comes from commerce not landA Changing View of the World

◦Rich build large, luxurious homes, have good food, clothes, jewels, and prosper Emphasize on education, arts

◦Rich citizens become patrons (people who support the arts) trying to find the best artists

◦Artists create religious and historical paintings and portraits

Learning and the Arts Flourish• Leonardo da Vinci- famous artist, scientist Painted the Mona Lisa, The Last Supper

• Skilled engineer, scientist, inventor Fills notebooks full of invention sketches Had ideas of flying machines, parachutes, submarines

The Northern Renaissance• Renaissance spreads into Northern Europe• Erasmus, a philosopher, makes fun of the

church• William Shakespeare- an English playwright in

late 1500’s, creates popular plays like Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth

The Reformation- Martin Luther• Some Northern Renaissance views conflict with

Roman Catholic Church Leads to the Reformation- 1500’s movement to

change church practices• German Monk Martin Luther became disturbed

by the church’s wealth, and corruption• He opposes selling of indulgences- forgiving

sins for money• In 1517 he attacks the church in 95 theses

(statements of belief) • He is excommunicated- cast out of church,

goes into hiding.

A Conflict Over Religious Beliefs