section 10 behavioral performance management. behavior modification techniques there are five...
TRANSCRIPT
Section 10Section 10Behavioral Performance Management
Behavior Modification Techniques
There are five categories of activities that can be addressed with behavior modification techniques:
• Develop a new behavior
• Strengthen a behavior
• Maintain an established behavior
• Stop inappropriate behavior
• Modify emotional behavior
Behavior ModificationBehavior Modification
We “operate” on the environment ◦Alter behavior to maximize positive and
minimize adverse consequences.
Operant versus respondent behaviors
Law of effect◦Likelihood that an operant behavior will be
repeated depends on its consequences
Learning Theory BackgroundLearning Theory Background
(Continued)
ConsequencesConsequences
What happensWhat happensAfter behaviorAfter behavior
EmployeeEmployeereceivesreceivesattendanceattendancebonusbonus
ExampleExample
A-B-Cs of Behavior ModificationA-B-Cs of Behavior Modification
BehaviorBehavior
What personWhat personsays or doessays or does
EmployeeEmployeeattendsattendsscheduledscheduledworkwork
AntecedentsAntecedents
What happensWhat happensbefore behaviorbefore behavior
AttendanceAttendancebonus systembonus systemis announcedis announced
BehaviorIncreases/Maintained
BehaviorDecreases
Consequenceis Introduced
Consequenceis Removed
Contingencies of ReinforcementContingencies of Reinforcement
PunishmentPunishment
PositivePositivereinforcementreinforcement
ExtinctionExtinction PunishmentPunishment
NegativeNegativereinforcementreinforcement
NoConsequence
Principles of Learning:Principles of Learning:Reinforcement and PunishmentReinforcement and Punishment (Continued)
Principles of Learning:Principles of Learning:Reinforcement and PunishmentReinforcement and Punishment The Use of Punishment
◦ The Meaning of Punishment◦ Often used, rarely understood◦ Administering Punishment◦ Guidelines for Discipline
Analysis of Money as a Reinforcer
Issues of timing the reinforcer
Nonfinancial Rewards◦ Social Recognition and
Attention◦ Performance Feedback◦ Need to Evaluate it
(Continued)
Schedules of ReinforcementSchedules of Reinforcement Behaviors
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Continuous
Fixed ratio
Variable ratio
Fixed interval
Time (Days)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Variable interval
Behavioral Performance Behavioral Performance Management, or O. B. Mod.Management, or O. B. Mod.
• Step 1: Identification of Performance Behaviors
• Step 2: Measurement of the Behavior
• Step 3: Functional Analysis of the Behavior
• Step 4: Development of an Intervention Strategy– A Positive Reinforcement Strategy
– A Punishment-Positive Reinforcement Strategy
• Step 5: Evaluation to Ensure Performance Improvement
A final note of cautionA final note of caution
Must Be Extremely Careful of What to Positively Reinforce (Fixed vs. Growth “Mindsets” from Dweck, 2006)◦ Student subjects randomly reinforced for their ability in solving tasks
(“you must be really smart as this”) led to a “fixed mindset.”◦ Subsequently, they rejected taking on challenging new tasks ( fear of
failure, not able to meet expectations).◦ If they did try and failed, they took it personal, felt deficient and
depressed.◦ They did not enjoy, have fun, at subsequent tasks.◦ Importantly, their performance decreased over time.◦ Many( 40%) actually lied to others about their abilities. ◦ However, those randomly reinforced for their effort on tasks (“you
must have worked really hard at this”) led to a “growth mindset” and the exact opposite results.
Uses of O.B. ModificationUses of O.B. Modification
PerformanceAbsenteeismTurnover
◦E.g., staffing firm study- praise and recognition
Questions