section 17.1 summary – pages 443-449 taxonomy is the study of how living things are classified...
TRANSCRIPT
• Taxonomy is the study of how living things are classified into groups.
• The groups that organisms are classified into are called taxa. (Taxon if singular)
Organisms are classified based
on:
physical similarities genetic similarities
When a taxonomist discovers a new organism they start classifying it based on certain characteristics…..first, they look at what kind of cell structure it
possesses.
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
Types of Cells
Once they know this, they can place the
organism in the correct
Domain.
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
Types of Cells Domains
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukaryota
Domain is the most broad taxon. There are three domains….
Organisms in this Domain are prokaryotic, small, and survive in
extreme “unlivable” conditions
Organisms in this Domain are prokaryotic, larger than Archaea, and
live in hospitable conditions
Organisms in this Domain are made of eukaryotic cells, more complex
than bacteria
In which Domain would they classify a human?
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
Types of Cells Domains
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukaryota
Kingdoms
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Next, they would need to decide which Kingdom it belonged in…
Organisms are grouped into kingdoms based on:
1.Type of cell 2.How they obtain energy 3.How many cells they are made of, and
4.How complex their body structure is
8 Classification Groups “Taxa”Most broad, only three domains: Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
Example: Humans at this level are grouped with all other organisms made of eukaryotic cells– (Algae, Fungus, Plants, and Animals)
More specific, based on cell type, method of obtaining energy, and # of cells, and complexity: Example: Humans at this level are grouped with all other animals- (Sponge, Insects, Birds, Mammals)
Based on even more specific characteristics. For plants This is called “Divisions” Example: Humans are grouped with other animals that have backbones at this level.
Even more specific Example: Humans at this level are grouped with other human-like ancestors based on the use of language and tool use.
Domain-
Kingdom-
Phylum-
Class - Based on even more specific characteristics. Example: Humans are grouped with other animals with backbones that feed milk to their young.
Order - Based on even more specific characteristics. Example: Humans are grouped with other animals with backbones that feed milk to their young and have opposable thumbs.
Family - Based on even more specific characteristics. Example: Humans are grouped with other great apes that have opposable thumbs and have very close DNA strand sequence.
Genus -
Species - Exact organism Example: “Modern” humans with our brain size, learning capacity, and longevity.
• Organisms classified from most broad group, domain, down to most
specific, species
Solar System
Earth
North America
U. S.
TX
DFW
Denton County
Justin
“binomial nomenclature”
Was created by Linnaeus.
It is a two-word naming system for living things.
SCIENTIFIC NAMING!
Carolus Linnaeus (1707‑1778), a
Swedish botanist
• The “Binomial nomenclature” or scientific name for each species, is a combination of the
genus name and species name.
Homo sapiens
Homo = Genus, sapiens = species
Domain Kingdom
Phylum Class Order
Family Genus
Species
Why not use common names?
• Misleading – starfish– Dragonfly
• Confusing– blue jay, blue coat, corn thief– dog, perro, chien
They all have ONE scientific name.
Cyanocitta cristata
Pyrrhosoma nymphula
Pisaster ochraceus
The common name of many animals can be misleading.
Ceylon frogmouth (Batrachostomus moniliger)
Killer whales (Orcinus orca )are the largest member of the dolphin family.
is a bird….
Flying fish (Parezocoetus mesogaster) do not fly, but glide.
Seahorse (Hippocampus zosterae) is not a horse, but a fish.
What language is used for the scientific naming?
LATIN1. Latin is no longer used in conversation.
2. It’s tradition.
3. Universal.
* Always capitalize the Genus and not the species.
What is the correct way to write the scientific name?
•If handwriting, underline the name: Felis concolor
•If typing, put the name in italics: Felis concolor
•You can also abbreviate the Genus: F. concolor
Question 1 According to the table, at what level does the domestic cat diverge from the ferret?
Classification of Representative Mammals
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Common Name
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Mysticeti
Balenopora
B. physalus
Blue Whale
Animalia Animalia
Chordata Chordata
Mammalia Mammalia
Carnivora Carnivora
Mustelidae Felidae
Mustela Felis
M. furo F. catus
Ferret Domestic Cat
Classification of Representative Mammals
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Common Name
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Mysticeti
Balenopora
B. physalus
Blue Whale
Animalia Animalia
Chordata Chordata
Mammalia Mammalia
Carnivora Carnivora
Mustelidae Felidae
Mustela Felis
M. furo F. catus
Ferret Domestic Cat
The domestic cat belongs to the family Felidae and the ferret belongs to the
family Mustelidae.
Question 2
Classification of Representative Mammals
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Common Name
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Mysticeti
Balenopora
B. physalus
Blue Whale
Animalia Animalia
Chordata Chordata
Mammalia Mammalia
Carnivora Carnivora
Mustelidae Felidae
Mustela Felis
M. furo F. catus
Ferret Domestic Cat
How many levels of classification do all three animals share?
All three animals belong to the same kingdom, phylum, and class.