section 2, p. 124-128. the cycling of materials what element is the essential component of...
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CHAPTER 5Section 2, p. 124-128
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The cycling of materials
What element is the essential component of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates?Carbon
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The cycling of materials
Carbon CycleThe process by which carbon is cycled
between the atmosphere, land, water, and organisms.
CO2 is the main source of carbon in the atmosphere
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Carbon Cycle
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Carbon Cycle
Carbon is released into the atmosphere as CO2 through:
1. Respiration○ In animals AND PLANTS
2. Burning of fossil fuels○ Burning wood,
oil, gas, etc.
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Carbon Cycle Carbon (CO2) is removed from the
atmosphere through:1. Photosynthesis
○ Plants and protists convert CO2 to O2
2. Diffusion into ocean (and other bodies of water)
○ CO2 gas dissolves
into the oceans waters
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Carbon Cycle Carbon going back into the earth
through:1. A living organisms death and
decomposition○ Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins over time
turn into fossil fuels
2. CO2 diffused in water turn to carbonates○ Animals such as coral and shelled creatures
use this to make their hardened homes/bodies
○ Over time turns into limestone One of the largest carbon sinks of earth
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Carbon Cycle
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Next: Carbon Cycle Art
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Carbon Cycle Art
Objects:PlantsAtmosphereCO2
WaterAnimalsOxygenFossil Fuels
Actions:DecompositionPhotosynthesisRespirationCombustion (burning)ErosionDissolving
Draw a depiction of the carbon cycle labeling the movement of carbon throughout the earth and atmosphere with arrows (pg. 124 is helpful)
Words that need to be incorporated in picture:
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The cycling of materials
Nitrogen CycleThe process by which nitrogen is cycled
between the atmosphere, bacteria, and other organisms.
N2 (Nitrogen gas) is the main source of nitrogen in the atmosphere
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Nitrogen Cycle
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Nitrogen Cycle How do you think the N2 gas in the atmosphere
gets deposited in the soil?
Nitrogen (N2) is removed from the atmosphere through:1. Nitrogen fixation
○ Nitrogen-fixing bacteria turn atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia NH3Many of these nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in
nodules on the roots of plants known as legumes- Can you name some legumes?
○ Lightning also fixes nitrogen
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Nitrogen Cycle
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Nitrogen Cycle
Side note: Legumes are known to be higher in
protein than other plants. Why do you think this is?What are the main building blocks of
proteins?○ What element do they contain?
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Amino Acids
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Nitrogen Cycle
2. Nitrification○ Bacteria take the nitrogen in ammonia
and turn it into a form plants can use [ammonium (NH4
+) and nitrates (NO3-)]
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What stations was nitrification taking place at? (hint: 4 of them) Atmosphere Surface Water Rain Water Groundwater Fertilizers Soils Oceans Live Animals Animal Waste Dead Plants and Animals Live Plants
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What stations was nitrification taking place at? (hint: 4 of them) Atmosphere Surface Water Rain Water Groundwater Fertilizers Soils Oceans Live Animals Animal Waste Dead Plants and Animals Live Plants
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Nitrogen Cycle
3. Assimilation The process in which the plants and
animals take up the nitrates into their cells
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Nitrogen Cycle
4. Ammonification The death of a plant or animal or the waste
excretion by an animal is the initial form of organic nitrogen
Many bacteria and fungi convert this organic nitrogen into ammonium (NH4
+)○ Remember this ammonium can be taken
back up by living plants
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Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen is released into the atmosphere as N2 through:
5. DenitrificationAnaerobic bacteria turn nitrates (NO3
-) and ammonium into atmospheric nitrogen (N2)○ These bacteria are found deep in the soil or
near water
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What stations was denitrification taking place at? (hint: 2 of them) Atmosphere Surface Water Rain Water Groundwater Fertilizers Soils Oceans Live Animals Animal Waste Dead Plants and Animals Live Plants
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What stations was denitrification taking place at? (hint: 2 of them) Atmosphere Surface Water Rain Water Groundwater Fertilizers Soils Oceans Live Animals Animal Waste Dead Plants and Animals Live Plants
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Phosphorus and Nitrogen Used in fertilizers to optimize plant
growth and size However, excess fertilizer runs off into
plants bodies of water This can result in algal bloom (rapid,
overabundant growth of algae)
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Algal Bloom
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Algal Bloom
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Nitrogen
Nitric oxide is released in the air from our cars and can form nitric acid in the atmosphereThis can lead to acid rain
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Warm-Up Question
7. Using your notes answer the following:1. Nitrogen fixation is when…
2. The death of a plant or animal or the waste excretion by an animal is the initial form of ___________ nitrogen
3. The five steps of the nitrogen cycle in order are…
Hand in all warm-up questions