section 3 motions and forces. a. second law of motion an object acted on by an unbalanced force will...
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SECTION 3
Motions and Forces
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A. Second law of Motion
An object acted on by an unbalanced force will accelerate in the direction of the force.
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1.
Acceleration equals force divided by mass, or a=force/mass
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2.
Force is equal to the combination of all forces, or the total force that acts on an object.
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B.
Second law can also be used to find force if mass and acceleration are known.
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1.
Near Earth’s surface, the force of gravity causes all objects to fall with the same acceleration – 9.8m/s2
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A.
For any object that is falling, the force of gravity equals mass times acceleration due to gravity, or F=m X (9.8 m/s2)
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2.
Weight and Mass are not the same thing.
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A.
Weight changes when the acceleration due to gravity changes.
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B.
Mass remains the same no matter what weight is.
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C. Friction
A force that resists motion and is always present between two moving surfaces.
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1. Static Friction-
Keeps a stationary object from moving on a surface when a force is applied to the object.
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2. Sliding Friction
Occurs when two surfaces slide past each other; slows down the moving object.
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3. Rolling Friction
Friction between a surface and a wheel when the wheel rolls over the surface.
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4. Air resistance-
Typical action of air molecules on a forward-moving object, slowing its motion.
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Section 4: Newton’s Third Law
A. Third law of Motion- Forces always act in equal but opposite pairs.
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1. When a force is exerted on an object, the object exerts the same amount of force.
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2. Third law of motion applies whether forces are contact or Long- range.
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B. Things move because action and reaction forces work on different objects.
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1. Friction is a factor in the third law.
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2. Using the second law equation, the object with the larger mass has the smaller acceleration if the same force is applied.
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3. All objects in the universe exert a force on all others; however, differences in mass may make these forces unnoticeable.
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C. The three laws of motion described how any object moves when forces act on it.