Section 3 QuizSection 3 Quiz

1.1. What is a diet?What is a diet?2.2. Define an ethnic group.Define an ethnic group.3.3. What is the Golden Bull?What is the Golden Bull?4.4. What Slavic country became orthodox Catholic?What Slavic country became orthodox Catholic?5.5. What ethnic group migrated from region to What ethnic group migrated from region to

region in Ancient Europe because of religious region in Ancient Europe because of religious persecution?persecution?

EQ: What are some differences EQ: What are some differences between the Roman empire and between the Roman empire and

the Byzantine Empire? the Byzantine Empire?

Roman Empire SplitsRoman Empire Splits The Roman empire The Roman empire

officially falls to the officially falls to the Ostrogoths in 476 A.D.Ostrogoths in 476 A.D.

The East keeps Latin; West The East keeps Latin; West begins to speak Greekbegins to speak Greek

Control of church different Control of church different for each half; official head for each half; official head in Rome stillin Rome still

Church split into regions, Church split into regions, called a called a diocese, or district diocese, or district of a church under a bishopof a church under a bishop

The east half becomes The east half becomes Roman Catholic; the west Roman Catholic; the west becomes Greek Orthodox becomes Greek Orthodox ChurchChurch

orthodox= traditional, or orthodox= traditional, or having to do with the having to do with the Greek orthodox churchGreek orthodox church

Justinian Justinian His father was emperorHis father was emperor Dies and leaves him crownDies and leaves him crown Marries Theodora, a former Marries Theodora, a former

actressactress Together they rebuild Together they rebuild

ConstantinopleConstantinople Hagia Sophia, means holy Hagia Sophia, means holy

wisdomwisdom Orthodox CatholicismOrthodox Catholicism

head of church in Constantinople head of church in Constantinople seated at the Hagiaseated at the Hagia

Greek main language; Bible written Greek main language; Bible written in Greekin Greek

Justinian – Greatest Justinian – Greatest Byzantine EmperorByzantine Emperor

Re-united the two halves of the roman empireRe-united the two halves of the roman empire Except for Gaul, Hispania, and Great BritainExcept for Gaul, Hispania, and Great Britain

Byzantine Empire Roman Empire

Justinian CodeJustinian Code Wanted to collect Roman laws into a clear system; Wanted to collect Roman laws into a clear system;

unlike 12 Tables – weren’t categorizedunlike 12 Tables – weren’t categorized Codified, or organized them into categoriesCodified, or organized them into categories Created: Created:

Public Law, for governmentPublic Law, for government Private Law, for individualsPrivate Law, for individuals

Natural law – everyone no matter where follows these; ideas Natural law – everyone no matter where follows these; ideas about marriage and how children should be raisedabout marriage and how children should be raised

Civil law – each nation makes up their own; laws that the state Civil law – each nation makes up their own; laws that the state makes; how much to pay in taxesmakes; how much to pay in taxes

Law of nations – governs interaction between nations; laws about Law of nations – governs interaction between nations; laws about slavery and trade contractsslavery and trade contracts

Differences Between Rome Differences Between Rome and Byzantiumand Byzantium

Write down three differences between Rome Write down three differences between Rome and Byzantium – in 3 COMPLETE sentences.and Byzantium – in 3 COMPLETE sentences.

Turn it in to me.Turn it in to me.

Iconoclasm – 700s – 800sIconoclasm – 700s – 800s

Greek Orthodox starts arguing that NO Greek Orthodox starts arguing that NO icons, or pictures of Jesus or saints should icons, or pictures of Jesus or saints should be madebe made

Why? Because they believed that is like Why? Because they believed that is like making an idol making an idol

Icon=imageIcon=image Went around smashing and destroying all Went around smashing and destroying all

images of Jesusimages of Jesus

Bible Commandment: (thou shalt not make graven images) (you shall not make cast idols) (you shall not You shall not make for yourself an idol, whether in the form of anything that is in heaven above, or that is on the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth.

The Great Schism – 1054 A.D.The Great Schism – 1054 A.D. East and West were already separated government -wiseEast and West were already separated government -wise Rome had fallen into “Dark Ages” with the rest of Europe, Rome had fallen into “Dark Ages” with the rest of Europe,

and was isolatedand was isolated Had good relations until Roman Pope Leo IX claims Had good relations until Roman Pope Leo IX claims

supremacysupremacy Official split between Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox Official split between Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox

churches comes churches comes The Roman head claimed supremacyThe Roman head claimed supremacy They excommunicated each otherThey excommunicated each other Leads to wars between empiresLeads to wars between empires

yy

Byzantium fights Persia – 540 A.D. under Byzantium fights Persia – 540 A.D. under JustinianJustinian

Byzantium fights Ottomans, a Muslim empire – Byzantium fights Ottomans, a Muslim empire – 1453 A.D. 1453 A.D.

Leads to downsizing of the empire over the Leads to downsizing of the empire over the next 500 yearsnext 500 years

Genghis Khan – 1162-Genghis Khan – 1162-1227 A.D.1227 A.D. United nomadic tribes of North East United nomadic tribes of North East

Asia Asia Conquered most of Central Asia and Conquered most of Central Asia and

southern part of modern day Russiasouthern part of modern day Russia Used siege tactics and feigned retreat Used siege tactics and feigned retreat

as military strategyas military strategy United silk road under one governmentUnited silk road under one government Set up an authoritarian style of ruleSet up an authoritarian style of rule Yet he was tolerant of other religions Yet he was tolerant of other religions Meritocracy – people in his Meritocracy – people in his

government got jobs based on merit, government got jobs based on merit, not status or classnot status or class

Orthodox OffshootsOrthodox Offshoots Anyone who lives Anyone who lives

in the Balkans and in the Balkans and Russia is Russia is considered a slavconsidered a slav

Slavs spread Slavs spread Orthodox Orthodox Catholicism to Catholicism to Western EuropeWestern Europe

Russia – Russia – KievKiev – capital of Russia – capital of Russia Ivan IIIIvan III, (The Great) – most , (The Great) – most

important figure in ancient important figure in ancient Russian history - Russian history - 1440-15051440-1505

*took power away from boyars, or *took power away from boyars, or land-owning noblesland-owning nobles*refused to submit to Ottoman *refused to submit to Ottoman powerpower

After Byzantium fell, the orthodox After Byzantium fell, the orthodox church sees the new head of the church sees the new head of the church in Russiachurch in Russia

People living in the Balkans look to People living in the Balkans look to this new head for protection this new head for protection against the Muslimsagainst the Muslims

1. What is the name of the structure in the picture to the right?2. What two people are credited with building the structure to the right?3. Compare Christianity under Justinian’s harsh rule with the way Romans

treated Christians? (think about what Justinian did.)4. Describe the Great Schism.

5. Explain the split between the eastern and western churches over icons.6. Name another difference between the east and the west.7. What was the official name of the church in the West ….in the east?8. The Byzantine Empire eventually fell to what new growing empire?9. What religion was this new empire?10. What Mongolian leader set up an autocratic rule in Russia, to the North of Byzantium?11. Why was he a tolerant ruler despite his autocratic ways?12. Explain why Justinian’s Code was different than the Roman 12 Tables.

Friday Quiz

A B 13. Which of the maps on the left represents the Byzantine Empire at its largest?

Byzantium RapByzantium Rap Find a partner.Find a partner. You will have 10 minutes to come up with a 2-line rap on Byzantium You will have 10 minutes to come up with a 2-line rap on Byzantium

using FACTUAL information from your notes and worksheets. using FACTUAL information from your notes and worksheets. You may do more if you choose, but it must AT LEAST be 2 rhyming You may do more if you choose, but it must AT LEAST be 2 rhyming

lines.lines. When the bell rings, you will come up with your partner and When the bell rings, you will come up with your partner and

perform it to the hip hop beat.perform it to the hip hop beat. You will begin and end your rhyme with this chorus:You will begin and end your rhyme with this chorus:““Byzantium, this is my anthem. Byzantium, this is my anthem.”Byzantium, this is my anthem. Byzantium, this is my anthem.”

Example: Chorus: Byzantium, this is my anthem. Byzantium, this is my anthem. Verse: The east went Greek, the west kept Latin

then the Ottomans came in with their cannons. Catholic - Orthodox, why’d they fight? Over icons and wafers, over who was right. Excommunications lead to wars and downsization.

Chorus: Byzantium, this is my anthem. Byzantium, this is my anthem.

Review Game - Byzantium

Who is responsible for splitting the Roman Empire in half in a power sharing agreement?

Diocletian

What two people ruled Byzantium during its Golden Age?

Justinian and Theodora

Why is Theodora’s background less than spotless?

Because she was an actress, bear dancer, and likely even a prostitute

Why were Byzantine people rioting in the Hippodrome Nika Riots?

Because they were angry with Justinian’s harsh policies

What was Justinian’s first reaction, or instinct, when facing the riots?

He almost abdicated, or gave up

Who convinced him to stay?

Theodora

What is the hippodrome?

A super-bowl like events arena for chariot races and public debates

What was the reslt of the Nika Riots?

Justinian told the rioters to meet him at the Hippodrome for a debate, and he murdered them

What church did Theodora and Justinian build?

Hagia Sophia

How did Justinian change the Roman How did Justinian change the Roman 12 Tables?12 Tables?

He codified them and categorized He codified them and categorized them differently, making them easier them differently, making them easier to understand.to understand.

What was so unique about this church?

The largest dome ever built up to that point in history

What is the church used as today?

A mosque

Byzantium was close to Russia and traded with them all throughout their history, but in what way did they influence Russia the most?

They influenced them through orthodox Christianity.

What is orthodox Christianity called in Russia?

Eastern Orthodox

When the old Rome fell, which ethnic group actually conquered the city of Rome?

Ostrogoths

What ethnic group ruled the area known as Gaul?

Frankish kingdoms

During the later years of the Byzantined Empire, what Mongolian leader conquered an area larger than Alexander the Great or even the Romans?

Ghengis Khan

How did people get jobs in his government?

Based on Merit

Ghengis Khan was a tolerant ruler – why?

Because he allowed all thecultures he conquered, more than any other Empire, practice their own religions.

Was Justinian a tolerant ruler? Why or Why not?

No, because he killed anyone who wasn’t a Christian, including Jews who he persecuted the most.

Point to the Roman Empire at its height of

power.

What was the Great Schism of 1054?

When the churches split officially

What did the argument start over?

Communion wafers and bread

What was the argument really about?

Supremacy, who had the supreme right to decide what the church did

Who was the head of the Roman Catholic church?

The popeThe pope

What is the ultimate result of What is the ultimate result of Byzantium’s wars first with Persia, Byzantium’s wars first with Persia, and then the Arab empires?and then the Arab empires?

A gradual downsizing of the A gradual downsizing of the Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire

Who was the head of the Greek Who was the head of the Greek Orthodox Church?Orthodox Church?

Bishop in Constantinople.Bishop in Constantinople.

Define iconoclasm.Define iconoclasm.

Image breakingImage breaking

Which Empire went through a period Which Empire went through a period of iconoclasm?of iconoclasm?

Byzantium.Byzantium.

What did the Greek Orthodox What did the Greek Orthodox Church believe about icons?Church believe about icons?

That no icons of Jesus or the That no icons of Jesus or the apostles or the saints should be apostles or the saints should be made, because it was against the made, because it was against the Biblical commandment about not Biblical commandment about not making graven imagesmaking graven images

What did Ivan III of Russia do that What did Ivan III of Russia do that helped concentrate his power?helped concentrate his power?

Took land away from the boyars, or Took land away from the boyars, or nobles, and gave it to the peasantsnobles, and gave it to the peasants

What else did he do that makes him What else did he do that makes him legendary for Russians?legendary for Russians?

He stood up to the Ottomans.He stood up to the Ottomans.

What culture eventually conquered What culture eventually conquered Constantinople, all that was left of Constantinople, all that was left of the Byzantine Empire?the Byzantine Empire?

The OttomansThe Ottomans

What religion were they?What religion were they?

MuslimMuslim

Slavs who were living in the Balkans Slavs who were living in the Balkans and who were Christian now looked and who were Christian now looked to the country of __________ as the to the country of __________ as the new head of Orthodox Christianity.new head of Orthodox Christianity.

Russia Russia

Place your wagers.Place your wagers.

Name three specific differences Name three specific differences between the Roman Catholic Church between the Roman Catholic Church and the Greek/Eastern Orthodox and the Greek/Eastern Orthodox Church.Church.

Language – Roman Catholic spoke Latin Language – Roman Catholic spoke Latin in church; Greek Orthodox spoke Greekin church; Greek Orthodox spoke Greek

Leaders – Pope in charge in Rome; Bishop Leaders – Pope in charge in Rome; Bishop in charge in Constantinoplein charge in Constantinople

Beliefs – Roman Catholic said icons okay; Beliefs – Roman Catholic said icons okay; Greek Orthodox said no wayGreek Orthodox said no way

More Beliefs – Orthodox said keep the More Beliefs – Orthodox said keep the traditions and don’t change them; Roman traditions and don’t change them; Roman Catholics allowed change in church Catholics allowed change in church practicespractices