section 3 using heat. heat engines the two main types of heat engines are the external combustion...

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Section 3 Using Heat

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Page 1: Section 3 Using Heat. Heat Engines The two main types of heat engines are the external combustion engine and the internal combustion engine

Section 3

Using Heat

Page 2: Section 3 Using Heat. Heat Engines The two main types of heat engines are the external combustion engine and the internal combustion engine

Heat Engines

• The two main types of heat engines are the external combustion engine and the internal combustion engine.

Page 3: Section 3 Using Heat. Heat Engines The two main types of heat engines are the external combustion engine and the internal combustion engine

External Combustion Engine

• A steam engine is an external combustion engine—an engine that burns fuel outside the engine.

Slide valveHot steam in

Exhaust steam out

Valverod

Piston rod

Cylinder Piston

Page 4: Section 3 Using Heat. Heat Engines The two main types of heat engines are the external combustion engine and the internal combustion engine

Internal Combustion Engine

• An internal combustion engine is a heat engine in which the fuel burns inside the engine.

• Most internal combustion engines use pistons that move up and down inside cylinders. Each upward or downward motion of a piston is called a stroke.

Page 5: Section 3 Using Heat. Heat Engines The two main types of heat engines are the external combustion engine and the internal combustion engine

Heating Systems

• A central heating system heats many rooms from one central location.

• Most heating systems use convection to distribute thermal energy.

Page 6: Section 3 Using Heat. Heat Engines The two main types of heat engines are the external combustion engine and the internal combustion engine

Hot-Water Heating

• At the boiler, heating oil or natural gas burns and heats the water. The circulating pump carries the hot water to radiators in each room. The hot water transfers thermal energy to the radiator by conduction. As the pipes heat up, they heat the room air by conduction and radiation.

Thermostat

Radiator

Expansiontank

Exhaustvent

BoilerCirculatingpump

Page 7: Section 3 Using Heat. Heat Engines The two main types of heat engines are the external combustion engine and the internal combustion engine

Steam Heating

• Steam heating is very similar to hot-water heating except that steam is used instead of hot water.

Page 8: Section 3 Using Heat. Heat Engines The two main types of heat engines are the external combustion engine and the internal combustion engine

Electric Baseboard Heating

• An electric baseboard heater uses electrical energy to heat a room. A conductor similar to the heating element in an electric stove is used to convert electrical energy to thermal energy.

Page 9: Section 3 Using Heat. Heat Engines The two main types of heat engines are the external combustion engine and the internal combustion engine

Forced-Air Heating

• In a forced-air heating system convection circulates air in each room. Because the warm air entering the room rises toward the ceiling, the warm-air vents are located near the floor.

Cool airsinks

Hot airrises

SupplyventReturn

vent

Duct

Furnace

Chimney

Page 10: Section 3 Using Heat. Heat Engines The two main types of heat engines are the external combustion engine and the internal combustion engine

Refrigerators

• A refrigerator is a heat pump— it transfers thermal energy from the cold food compartment to the warm room.

• To move heat from a colder to a warmer location, a motor must do work to move refrigerant through tubing inside the refrigerator walls.

Temperature inroom: 25C

Temperatureinsiderefrigerator: 3C

Page 11: Section 3 Using Heat. Heat Engines The two main types of heat engines are the external combustion engine and the internal combustion engine

Air Conditioners

• The air conditioner is actually heating the outdoor air. Near the air conditioner is the last place you’d want to be on a hot day!

Evaporator coilLiquid absorbs heatto become vapor.

Expansion valvePressure drops, causing liquid refrigerant to become cold.

Compressor

Warmair out

Condenser coil Vapor cools to liquid as heat is removed.

Coldair out

Warmair in

Page 12: Section 3 Using Heat. Heat Engines The two main types of heat engines are the external combustion engine and the internal combustion engine

Reviewing Concepts

• 1. List the two main types of heat engines.

• 2. How is thermal energy distributed in most heating systems?

• 3. How does a heat pump move thermal energy from a cold area to a warm area?

• 4. If the efficiency of a gasoline engine is 25 percent, what happens to the missing 75 percent of the energy in the fuel?

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