section 5 vocabulary: directions 1.ultra-beyond 2.medio-middle 3.intra- within 4.gyro- circular...
TRANSCRIPT
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Section 5 vocabulary: Directions1. Ultra-beyond
2. Medio-middle
3. Intra- within
4. Gyro- Circular
5. Trans- across
6. Proximo- nearest
7. Per- through
8. Opistho- behind
9. En- in
10.Leve- left
11.Ex- out from
12.Endo- within
13.Ecto- on the outer side
14.Contra- against
15.Dia- through
16.Dextro- right
17.Dis- apart from
18.Cycl- circular
19.Amphi- on both sides
20.Ad- toward
21.Ab- away
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Good afternoon class!!!!
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AXIAL SKELETON
Skull • Cranium - 8 bones (frontal, 2 parietal, 2
temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid)
• Facial Bones - 14 bones (2 maxilla, 2 zygomatic, 2 nasal, 1 mandible, 2 lacrimal, 2 palatine, 2 inferior nasal conchae, 1 vomer)
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Temporal Bone• Temple and temporal came about because gray
hairs a sign of time’s passing, usually appear first in the temple areas.
• Four major regions– Squamous– Tympanic– Mastoid– Petrous
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Sphenoid bone• Butterfly-shaped and spans the width of the middle
cranial fossa• articulates with all the other cranial bones
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Ethmoid Bone
• Found between the sphenoid and nasal bones and is the most deeply situated bone in the skull
• Forms most of the bony area between the nasal cavity and the orbits
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Facial Bones
• 14 bones of which only the mandible and vomer bone are unpaired
• Facial skeleton of a male is more elongated then a female as a rule
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Mandible• Largest and strongest
bone of the face• The anterior coronoid
process is an insertion point for the large temporalis muscle that elevates the lower jaw
• The posterior mandibular condyle articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone: temperomandibular joint
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Hyoid Bone• The hyoid bone is
unique in that it is the only bone of the body that does not articulate with any other bone.
• Instead, it is suspended above the larynx where it is anchored by ligaments to the styloid processes of the temporal bones of the skull.
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Skull-Vertebral Column• Pages 215-224• Cervical: 1st 7 vertebrae
– Atlas- C1; 1st vertebrae -- it lacks body and spinous process but it does have superior articular facets for occipital condyles
– Axis- C2; odontoid process ( AKA dens) allows for pivoting
• Thoracic: Next 12 vertebrae; attach with transverse process to pairs of ribs
• Lumbar: Next 5 vertebrae; strong• Sacrum: Next 5 1 fused vertebra• Coccyx :Last 3-5 1 fused vertebra; tailbone
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Vertebral Column ( Spine)
• 5 Major divisions: – 7 AM cervical – 12 noon thoracic – 5 PM lumbar – sacrum articulates
with the hip bones of the pelvis
– coccygeal – 26 irregular bones all
together
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Parts of the vertebra1. Body- flat, round, large
2. Spinous process- projects inferiorly, on back
3. Transverse process- projects laterally, on sides
4. Superior articular facet- attaches with vertebrae above
5. Inferior articular facet- attaches with vertebrae below
6. Vertebral foramen- Hole for spinal cord
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Compare cervical, thoracic, lumbar
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The Bony Thorax
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The Bony Thorax• Sternum- AKA breastbone; in thoracic
region; contains one bone of the manubrium, body, & xiphoid process; surrounded by costal cartilage
• Ribs- AKA thoracic cage or thorax; connects with transverse process of vertebrae; 12 pairs – [1st 7-true; last 5- false (do not attach directly
with sternum- use cartilage)- – last 2 pairs are floating ribs b/c do not attach to
sternum at all, no cartilage]
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Parts of a Rib
• Head of rib- attaches to vertebrae transverse process
• Angle- curved part
• Body- shaft or straighter part of; attaches to sternum
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Ribs [head, neck, tubercle, body]
• True ribs (1-7)- costal cartilage attaches to sternum– False ribs (8,9 & 10)- lack direct attachment to
sternum – Floating ribs (11 & 12)- no attachment to sternum