section 7.2 watching europe’s war today agenda 7.2 slide show presentations homework finish...
TRANSCRIPT
Section 7.2
Watching Europe’s War
Today Agenda
• 7.2 Slide Show
• Presentations
• Homework
• Finish Reading 7.2
Today’s ObjectivesAt the end of this lesson, you should
be able to:
• Define Triple Entente/ Central Powers and list its member
• Define neutrality and describe its complexity &/or hypocrisy in American policy
• Identify the Zimmerman Note • Identify Lusitania as the catalyst of America’s
formal entry into WWI• Identify major economic reasons for America’s
entry into WWI
Anthem for Doomed Youth by Wilfred Owen
What passing-bells for these who die as cattle?Only the monstrous anger of the guns.Only the stuttering rifles' rapid rattleCan patter out their hasty orisons.No mockeries for them from prayers or bells,Nor any voice of mourning save the choirs,-The shrill, demented choirs of wailing shells;And bugles calling for them from sad shires.
What candles may be held to speed them all?Not in the hands of boys, but in their eyesShall shine the holy glimmers of good-byes.The pallor of girls' brows shall be their pall;Their flowers the tenderness of patient minds,And each slow dusk a drawing-down of blinds.
Introduction to WWI
What justifies Going to War?
Ideology
Why do nations go to war?
Other Reasons?
Economic needs
Alliance Obligations
Revenge
Preemptive Strike
National Prestige
An Attack or Threat
Describe Europe on the Eve of War, June 1914
Russia, Aus-Hun, Ottoman Emp. vie for control of Balkans
Russian, Germany,
GB, France
compete for empire
Germany competes with
GB’s naval supremacy
Germany’s militarism threatens France and
Russia
Serbian Nationalists
agitate to unite Southern Slavs
Balkan Peninsula
In 1914 The Austro-Hungarian Empire
controlled Bosnia, a territory with
thousands of ethnic Serbs.
What events led to the outbreak of the Great War?
June July August
Archduke of Austria
Assassinated in Sarajevo on
6/14/14
1914
Central Powers at war with Triple
Entente in 8/4/14Austria-Hungary
declare war on Serbia
7/28/14
Wilson declares American neutrality 8/4/14
Ferdinand Assassinated
What was the Alliance system?
Security guarantees between major European powers
Central Powers
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Ottoman Empire
Triple Entente (Allies)
• France
• Great Britain
• Russia
Alliance System
Enthusiasm for War
• Germany gained territory at first
• halted to a stalemate along the Western and Eastern Fronts
Describe the nature of the fighting.
The Fronts
War was most destructive the world had seen up to that point
• Battle of Verdun (Feb-July 1916)– French lost 315
thousand– Germany lost 280
thousand
• Battle of the Somme– GB lost 60 thousand
in one day
Describe the nature of the fighting.
Battle of the Somme
Why were the casualties so high?• Traditional Strategy +
Advanced weaponry• Infantry ‘charges’
– “Over the top!”
• Advanced weaponry– Machine gun– Artillery– Mustard gas– Barbed wire– Tanks
• Trench warfare• Submarine warfare
– U-Boats
• Dogfights
Agenda for Today
• Finish 7.2
• Homework
• Finish reading 7.2
• Begin reading 7.3 (by Thursday)
1915-1916
What was America’s official policy toward the war?
• Neutral
• “We must be impartial in thought as well as in action.”
• Despite diverse population of immigrants, most Americans supported this view.
American Neutrality
Was America really neutral?• Strong economic
ties to Allies
–See Thomas Lamont quote on 216
• British controlled flow of information
• Cut Transatlantic cable in 1914
Propaganda and Economic Impact
What happened to the Lusitania?• British passenger
ship
• Secretly carried American arms to the allies
• May 7, 1915 the Lusitania was sunk by German U-Boats
Lusitania
Describe the election of 1916.• Wilson wins on anti-war
platform
– “He kept us out of war!”
• In reality America has sided with the Allies
– $2.25 billion in loans
– Attracted to post war investment
– Wanted an American voice at peace settlement
What was the Zimmerman Note?• Zimmerman Note
–German cable to Mexico promised pre-1848 territory if Mexico side with Germany
Why did German U-boats begin to attack American shipping?
• British blockade of North Sea prevented food from entering Germany– Germany was
starving & had nothing to lose
• Unrestricted Submarine Warfare resumed 1/31/1917– Many US ship sent to
bottom of Atlantic
Why does Wilson ask Congress to declare war?
• ‘To make the world safe for democracy’
• Believed the “American System” would save the world
• "When properly directed, there is no people in the world not fitted for self-government." – Hoped to spread American
Style democracy, capitalism, and Christian morality