Section III: Korea and Southeast Section III: Korea and Southeast AsiaAsia

(Pages 256-259)(Pages 256-259)

Section III: Korea and Southeast Section III: Korea and Southeast AsiaAsia

(Pages 256-259)(Pages 256-259)

This section is about:This section is about: The cultural interaction The cultural interaction

between Korea and between Korea and China.China.

The blending of cultures The blending of cultures of India and China with of India and China with various countries in various countries in Southeast Asia.Southeast Asia.

Much of what people Much of what people know about Korea and know about Korea and Southeast Asia today Southeast Asia today comes from the Korean comes from the Korean “Conflict” and Vietnam “Conflict” and Vietnam War in the 1950’s – War in the 1950’s – 1970’s.1970’s.

North Korea is in the North Korea is in the news again quite a bit news again quite a bit now.now.

Look at Main Ideas on Look at Main Ideas on page 256.page 256.

There’s quite a building There’s quite a building on page 258 – what on page 258 – what kind of building is it?kind of building is it?

KoreaKorea

Is a peninsula Is a peninsula northeast and right northeast and right next to of China.next to of China.

Has many mountains Has many mountains (only 1/5 good (only 1/5 good farmland).farmland).

It does have a long It does have a long coastline – so it was coastline – so it was good for fishing.good for fishing.

It’s between China It’s between China and Japan, so both of and Japan, so both of them have been an them have been an influence on Korea.influence on Korea.

Early HistoryEarly History

In 108 BC, a Han (Chinese) In 108 BC, a Han (Chinese) emperor invaded Korea – emperor invaded Korea – and his people stayed for and his people stayed for about 400 years.about 400 years.

Between 300 and 600 AD, Between 300 and 600 AD, Korea formed 3 kingdoms Korea formed 3 kingdoms (which sometimes fought (which sometimes fought with each other and Japan with each other and Japan and China).and China).

After the Han Dynasty After the Han Dynasty collapsed, many collapsed, many refugeesrefugees (person who escapes to (person who escapes to another country) moved another country) moved into Korea.into Korea.

Missionaries also brought Missionaries also brought Buddhism to KoreaBuddhism to Korea

(Koguryo, Paekche, and Silla)

Unified KoreaUnified Korea Silla united Korea in 668 (with Silla united Korea in 668 (with

help from China)help from China) They conquered Koguryo and They conquered Koguryo and

Paekshe and forced the Tang Paekshe and forced the Tang to leave.to leave.

By 900, Koryo challenged the By 900, Koryo challenged the Silla and took control of the Silla and took control of the Kingdom.Kingdom.

The Koryo adapted most The Koryo adapted most Chinese styles and customs at Chinese styles and customs at this time, including learning this time, including learning and arts (porcelain and and arts (porcelain and celadon).celadon).

In 1231, the _______________ In 1231, the _______________ started their invasions – and started their invasions – and although they let them keep although they let them keep their culture, they still their culture, they still controlled Koreacontrolled Korea

Yi DynastyYi Dynasty Yi Songgye took over Yi Songgye took over

control in 1392 (the Dynasty control in 1392 (the Dynasty lasted until 1910).lasted until 1910).

They adopted the Chinese They adopted the Chinese system of government (civil system of government (civil service workers) and service workers) and adopted Confucianism (less adopted Confucianism (less Buddhism).Buddhism).

Korean people still spoke Korean people still spoke Korean though – and used Korean though – and used hangul (Korean alphabet hangul (Korean alphabet with symbols for sounds). It with symbols for sounds). It was easier to learn, so many was easier to learn, so many Koreans learned to read and Koreans learned to read and write (Confucian leaders write (Confucian leaders didn’t like it though).didn’t like it though).

The Yi and the Japanese had The Yi and the Japanese had more wars than anyone else more wars than anyone else in the area (for Japan, Korea in the area (for Japan, Korea was one of the main ways to was one of the main ways to get to Asia).get to Asia).

Southeast Southeast AsiaAsia

Has one big peninsula Has one big peninsula and several island and several island “chains”.“chains”.

Many mountains, but Many mountains, but also river valleys and also river valleys and some plains.some plains.

It’s also on some It’s also on some ancient trade routes.ancient trade routes.

Has both an Indian Has both an Indian and Chinese cultural and Chinese cultural influence.influence.

Korean connection to Iran

VietnamVietnam

Started about 2000 years Started about 2000 years ago (as Nan Yue).ago (as Nan Yue).

Many Chinese started Many Chinese started settling there about 111 BC settling there about 111 BC (brought Chinese ideas of (brought Chinese ideas of arts and learning – and arts and learning – and introduced Buddhism and introduced Buddhism and Daoism).Daoism).

Nan Yue broke free from Nan Yue broke free from Chinese rule about 1000 Chinese rule about 1000 AD.AD.

Both the Mongols and the Both the Mongols and the Ming tried to conquer and Ming tried to conquer and control Vietnam, but neither control Vietnam, but neither one could.one could.

KhmerKhmer

Today is Cambodia and Today is Cambodia and Thailand (Angkor was the Thailand (Angkor was the capital city).capital city).

They were never really They were never really conquered by any foreign conquered by any foreign nations.nations.

There was an Indian influence There was an Indian influence (missionaries, and trade (missionaries, and trade brought Indian writing, art, brought Indian writing, art, and architecture).and architecture).

Began to unite about 500-600 Began to unite about 500-600 AD.AD.

The Khmer Empire’s greatest The Khmer Empire’s greatest achievement: the temple achievement: the temple complex of Angkor Wat complex of Angkor Wat (1100’s).(1100’s).

The empire slowly declined, The empire slowly declined, and by 1431, Angkor was and by 1431, Angkor was abandonedabandoned

More…More…

SrivijayaSrivijaya Indonesia today Indonesia today

(Sumatra, Java, Borneo, (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Malay Peninsula).the Malay Peninsula).

Began to be a small Began to be a small power by 600.power by 600.

Was an important trade Was an important trade route (exposed to many route (exposed to many cultures) and became a cultures) and became a center for Buddhism center for Buddhism (until 1400 – Islam).(until 1400 – Islam).

Because of where it’s Because of where it’s located (shipping lanes), located (shipping lanes), it’s been attacked many it’s been attacked many times – By India and by times – By India and by the Mongols.the Mongols.

Borobudur (778 in Java) Borobudur (778 in Java) is one of it’s more is one of it’s more famous Buddhist famous Buddhist temples.temples.

PaganPagan

Burma (Myanmar) Burma (Myanmar) today.today.

1044: became a major 1044: became a major Buddhist center.Buddhist center.

Was around for about Was around for about 200 years – until the 200 years – until the Mongols invaded and Mongols invaded and conquered Pagan.conquered Pagan.

When the Mongols left, When the Mongols left, the country became the country became split up. split up.