Section III: North American Groups Section III: North American Groups (Pages 212 - 217)(Pages 212 - 217)

Section III: North American Groups Section III: North American Groups (Pages 212 - 217)(Pages 212 - 217)

This section is about:This section is about: How the varied climates How the varied climates

and environments of and environments of North America influenced North America influenced the development of the development of distinct regional cultures distinct regional cultures in the western and in the western and eastern regions.eastern regions.

There were many There were many different kinds of Native different kinds of Native AmericansAmericans

Our book splits them up Our book splits them up into Western and into Western and Eastern groupsEastern groups

Page 213 of your book Page 213 of your book splits them up a little splits them up a little differently.differently.

Others split them up Others split them up several ways, but the several ways, but the important thing to important thing to remember is in the remember is in the Main Ideas on page 212 Main Ideas on page 212 (A)(A)

The Native Americans in North America were The Native Americans in North America were a lot different than those in Central and a lot different than those in Central and

South AmericaSouth America

No unified empires, no No unified empires, no cities, and no palaces.cities, and no palaces.

They hunted, gathered, They hunted, gathered, farmed, and traded with farmed, and traded with each other.each other.

Had a wide variety of Had a wide variety of cultures, languages, cultures, languages, styles of dress and styles of dress and architecture, and beliefs.architecture, and beliefs.

The big thing is: they The big thing is: they didn’t try to control their didn’t try to control their environment – they environment – they adaptadapted to it (adjusted)ed to it (adjusted)

Thick forests, hilly, and rocky with four distinct

seasons

Warm and humidFlat and covered with grass (few trees) with cold winters and hot

summers

Forests, cool, with a long rainy

season

Dry and Hot

Most of North America gets enough rain: good for farming and supporting animals

Also has a great system of rivers (Ohio / Mississippi / Missouri) for travel and trade

Western Native AmericansWestern Native AmericansThe The Aleuts, Yupiks, and InuitsAleuts, Yupiks, and Inuits

Lived in today’s Lived in today’s northern Canada and northern Canada and AlaskaAlaska

Hunted seals, walruses, Hunted seals, walruses, whales, polar bears, whales, polar bears, caribou, foxes (too cold caribou, foxes (too cold to farm) to farm)

Used furs for clothing Used furs for clothing and blankets.and blankets.

Tools, weapons, tents Tools, weapons, tents and boats (kayaks) and boats (kayaks) from animal partsfrom animal parts

Northwest Native AmericansNorthwest Native Americans Easier life than up Easier life than up

northnorth Rivers and oceans full Rivers and oceans full

of fish and forests full of fish and forests full of food.of food.

Traded a lotTraded a lot Had a ceremony called Had a ceremony called

a a potlachpotlach: the host : the host would claim certain would claim certain rights (like possessions rights (like possessions of a dead relative), the of a dead relative), the guests would act as guests would act as witnesses, the host witnesses, the host would give them a would give them a huge feast (and give huge feast (and give them costly gifts).them costly gifts).

The The AnasaziAnasazi Settled near “the four Settled near “the four

corners.”corners.” Were able to grow some Were able to grow some

food, but produced a lot of food, but produced a lot of pottery, baskets, and cloth.pottery, baskets, and cloth.

Lived in Lived in ppueblosueblos (adobe (adobe brick homes) that were brick homes) that were “temperature controlled”“temperature controlled”

They look a lot like some They look a lot like some modern apartment buildingsmodern apartment buildings

Mesa Verde is one of their Mesa Verde is one of their more famous settlements.more famous settlements.

They moved near the Rio They moved near the Rio Grande in 1300 AD: their Grande in 1300 AD: their descendants are the Pueblosdescendants are the Pueblos

The The PPueblosueblos Not really one people – more Not really one people – more

of a group of Native of a group of Native Americans that shared many Americans that shared many of the same characteristics.of the same characteristics.

Religion is based on praying Religion is based on praying for a good harvest (in dry for a good harvest (in dry area).area).

KachinasKachinas (ancestor spirits) (ancestor spirits) return to the earth as plants, return to the earth as plants, animals, or people who have animals, or people who have power to heal the sick and power to heal the sick and bring rain.bring rain.

Farming got easier after they Farming got easier after they moved near the Rio Grande.moved near the Rio Grande.

Pueblos today are well-Pueblos today are well-known for their pottery skills.known for their pottery skills.

Kachina Dance

NavajosNavajos / / ApachesApaches

Navajo means: large Navajo means: large planted field.planted field.

About 1000 years ago, their About 1000 years ago, their ancestors came from ancestors came from Canada and split into the 2 Canada and split into the 2 groups groups

They settled where the They settled where the Anasazi had left (from the Anasazi had left (from the Four Corners to Texas).Four Corners to Texas).

Growing food was tough, so Growing food was tough, so they mostly hunted (buffalo, they mostly hunted (buffalo, deer, and rabbit).deer, and rabbit).

Nothing was ever wasted.Nothing was ever wasted. This wasn’t always enough This wasn’t always enough

to survive, so they often to survive, so they often raided other people – raided other people – stealing food, livestock, and stealing food, livestock, and supplies.supplies.

For Apaches: courage and For Apaches: courage and bravery in making a raid bravery in making a raid was highly valuedwas highly valued

Eastern Native AmericansEastern Native AmericansThe Mound BuildersThe Mound Builders

From the Mississippi and From the Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys (starting Ohio River Valleys (starting about 300 years ago)about 300 years ago)

Each time someone was Each time someone was buried (usually a leader), buried (usually a leader), they added them to the they added them to the mound.mound.

Two kinds: temple mounds Two kinds: temple mounds and burial mounds - all and burial mounds - all different sizes and shapesdifferent sizes and shapes

The Mississippian people The Mississippian people built temple mounds. Some built temple mounds. Some are even a pyramid shape.are even a pyramid shape.

These people disappeared These people disappeared about the 1600’s: either about the 1600’s: either crop failures or warscrop failures or wars

The The IroquoisIroquois (and the (and the Hurons)Hurons)

Lived where New York is now Lived where New York is now – and didn’t always get along– and didn’t always get along

Lived according to the Lived according to the seasons: spring planting / fall seasons: spring planting / fall harvesting (and settling harvesting (and settling yearly disputes).yearly disputes).

It got cold in winter – so they It got cold in winter – so they built built longhouseslonghouses – with many – with many families living in eachfamilies living in each

All people worked to provide All people worked to provide food – fishing, gathering, food – fishing, gathering, hunting, and farminghunting, and farming

Family groups cooperated, Family groups cooperated, but they argued so much but they argued so much among different tribes, they among different tribes, they formed a group to settle formed a group to settle disputes (The Iroquois disputes (The Iroquois Confederacy)Confederacy)

The Iroquois ConfederacyThe Iroquois Confederacy

Hiawatha (Iroquois) and Hiawatha (Iroquois) and Dekanawidah (Huron) Dekanawidah (Huron) wanted to bring peace to wanted to bring peace to their people.their people.

They formed a group made They formed a group made up of the 5 Iroquois Nations up of the 5 Iroquois Nations who all shared the same who all shared the same language and traditions language and traditions (Mohawks/Senecas/Onondagas/Oneids/Cuyag(Mohawks/Senecas/Onondagas/Oneids/Cuyagas)as)

Each nation had its own Each nation had its own council – headed by a chief council – headed by a chief called a called a sachemsachem

Their most important duty Their most important duty was to maintain peace was to maintain peace between the 5 tribesbetween the 5 tribes

All decisions were to based All decisions were to based on the welfare of the people.on the welfare of the people.