section s3 group 9 iio presentation

7/29/2019 Section S3 Group 9 IIO Presentation

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UNDERSTANDING BODY LANGUA

Presented by:

Group No. 9, Section S3Ankit Goel (FT13305)

Brinda Sethi (FT13318)

Guneet Gyani (FT13330)

Kriti Sharma (FT13342)

Prateek Parashar (FT13355)

Sankalp S Parihar (FT13367)

Sudeshna Banerjee (FT13379)

A Suresh Kumar (FT13392)


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Communication

An activity of sending and receiving messages between two or moreindividuals through a common system of speech, visuals, signals, writor behavior that allows them to share knowledge, attitudes and skills.


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Types of Communication

Oral or Verbal Communication: Information flows through verbal mediumspeeches, discussions & presentations.

Written Communication: Interaction that makes use of the written word o

Non-verbal communication:Communication made through gestures, faciaexpressions, hand movements, touch, body posture and eye contact.

Visual communication: Communication of information through visual formlike drawings, signs and images.

http://www.managementstudyguide.com/dif
http://www.managementstudyguide.com/different-types-of-communication.htmhttp://www.managementstudyguide.com/different-types-of-communication.htm


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Body language

A type of non-verbal communication in which silent messages arecommunicated through the sender's body movements, facial expressionvoice tone and loudness, etc.

http://www.businessdictionary
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/body-language.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/body-language.html


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Body language is usually grouped along two lines:

Parts of the body

Intent

Parts of the Body The Head:Movement and placement of head.

Facial Expressions: Eyebrows, Nose, Lips, Tongue, Jaw.

Body Posture: Includes Body proximity, Shoulder movements, Arm placement, Leg & fe

Hand and finger gestures: Handling and placement of objects(eg. pens, papers, etc).

Intent

Voluntary/Intentional movements:Also called "Gestures". These are the movements to make. Eg. Shaking a hand.

Involuntary movements:Also called "tells", but "ticks" also fall into this category. Thesmovements you have no control over. Eg. Sweating.

http://www.simplybodylanguag

Types of Body Language
http://www.simplybodylanguage.com/types-of-body-language.htmlhttp://www.simplybodylanguage.com/types-of-body-language.html


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Body Language Signals

One can tell how someone is feeling by their body language signs.

Its useful to be able to read peoples body language because what people say and they feel are often not the same.

Studies have shown that of the information that we receive from other people: 10%what they actually say; 40% is from the tone and speed of their voice; 50% is from body language.


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Reading and Analyzing Body Language

Up to 93 % of communication is non-verbal Including tone of voice, eye movement,

posture, hand gestures, facial expressions and more.

Body language usually prevails over words. Hence it is important to be able to read a

analyze body language.

Some tips and traps are:

Multiple meanings

A problem with reading people is that body language can have multiple meanings.

Eg.

People who are relaxed fold their arms, as do people who are cold

Touching your face may signify thinking and a whole host of other things

http://www.nonverbal-world.com/2011/11
http://www.nonverbal-world.com/2011/11/reading-body-language-clusters.htmlhttp://www.nonverbal-world.com/2011/11/reading-body-language-clusters.htmlhttp://www.nonverbal-world.com/2011/11/reading-body-language-clusters.htmlhttp://www.nonverbal-world.com/2011/11/reading-body-language-clusters.html


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Reading and Analyzing Body Language

Synchrony

One secret of reading body language is to look for things that happen at the same time.

Eg.

If you ask someone a searching question and they close their body, then this may be

indication that they do not want to tell the truth. It may also, of course, mean that th

not like your aggressive style, so you should be aware of your part in the dance and c

your style accordingly

ClustersInterpreting body language by clusters is very crucial to understand overall mood or

conditions of person in any given circumstance.

Most of us mistake to interpret each of them in isolation and that completely misleads.

Eg.

When a person folds his arms. This could mean several things. To get the real picture

should also observe the facial expressions, posture and gazehttp://changingminds.org/explanations/behaviors/body_la
http://changingminds.org/explanations/behaviors/body_language/reading_non-verbals.htmhttp://changingminds.org/explanations/behaviors/body_language/reading_non-verbals.htm


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Head A tilted head symbolises interest in someone or something.

A lowered head is a negative signal that communicates acceptance of defeat.

Running fingers through hair can mean that someone is frustrated or that they're preening them

attractive.

Fondling or patting down hair demonstrates insecurity and a lack of self-confidence.

The occasional nod from a listener to a speaker is a positive message; it s an indication that they

interested.

Too much nodding implies that a listener has lost interest, is not really listening and is simply nod

Touching or tugging an ear indicates indecision; though its also sometimes done when a person

Someone may touch or slightly rub their nose if they are doubtful about what is being said or if t

People often pinch the bridge of their nose and close their eyes when making a negative evaluat

People place their hand on their cheek when theyre thinking or evaluating.

A genuine smile engages the whole face (including the eyes) and is usually larger on the right sid

A false smile will often only engage the lips, and will be fairly symmetrical or larger on the left sid

A person stroking their chin is evaluating or making a decision.

Projecting the chin towards another person demonstrates defiance or aggression.http://www.b
http://www.businessballs.com/body-language.htmhttp://www.businessballs.com/body-language.htm


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Upper Body Pushing the chest forward draws attention to it; for women this is seen as a provocative romantic display whereas for men its

power.

A person may push their shoulders back to demonstrate their power and signify that they dont fear attack.

A pulled back chest with forward curled shoulders is a defensive position taken by people who want others to know that they A person with folded / crossed arms is placing a barrier between themselves and their surroundings; indicating that theyre no

said or done.

Open arms, particularly when combined with showing palms, mean that someone is approachable and willing to communicat

Upward facing palms signify that a persons defences are down and that theyre speaking sincerely with an open heart.

Outward, upward hand movements express an open and positive message.

Open palms occasionally touching the chest imply honesty.

Using hands with downward facing palms symbolises a calming action.

A palm facing outwards towards someone signals to that person to stop what they are doing or not come any closer.

Positioning hands behind the back shows that someone is relaxed and comfortable; though it can also be used on purpose to cand confidence.

Finger pointing is interpreted as either a sign of assertiveness or a sign of aggression.

Tapping or drumming fingers communicates impatience or frustration.

Biting fingernails represents insecurity and nervousness.

Fiddling with items (e.g. keys or a pen) can be a sign of nerves or anxiety; alternatively it may be done as a result of boredom o

Interlinked fingers, finger tips touching or index fingers pressed together, are positive gestures that show a person is thinking,

Sides of the palms close together with extended fingers (forming the shape of a plate) is an action often used when offering th

Fingers held together and curled upwards (forming the shape of a cup) is a gesture used when someone is pleading for someth

http://www.mindtools.co
http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/Body_Language.htmhttp://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/Body_Language.htm


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Lower Body

Walking briskly with an upright posture shows confidence.

A normal, relaxed standing pose is with the feet positioned at shoulder width.

The wider a persons feet are positioned from each other, the more dominant and powerful they fee

Standing with hands on hips expresses either readiness or aggression.

Leaning back with the hips pushed forward is a provocative and suggestive gesture; it can also signifypowerful.

In a relaxed sitting pose, the thighs are typically slightly open, with legs running in parallel from the h

Sitting with legs open / apart means that a person is comfortable and is feeling secure in their surrou

Sitting legs may point (with knees or feet) at the most interesting person in a room or in a persons dtravel (i.e. towards a door).

Crossed legs can be either a negative, defensive position or a relaxed, comfortable one; it depends o

leg muscles are. Legs crossed towards someone suggest a greater level of interest in them than legs crossed away fro

A slightly kicking / bouncing foot when sitting with crossed legs suggests boredom or impatience.

Crossing ankles is a sign of being fairly relaxed, especially when the legs are stretched forward and thback.

The figure-of-four cross occurs when one ankle is placed on top of the other legs' knee, with the tosideways; this signals confidence and power.


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Eye Contact

Interpreting eye movement:

Widely placed eyes - resistant to stress, sociable, perhaps slow behavioral reactions,outward simplicity, firm moral principles.

Closely placed eyes - hot temper, quick behavioral reactions, non-resistant to stress.Small, deeply placed cold eyes - emotionally restraint, logical type of behavior, serious.

Large, open, radiant eyes - enthusiastic, sensitive, emotional type of behavior.

External corners of eyes are lowered - critical perception, skeptic.

External corners eyes are raised - enthusiastic, trustful, perhaps naive in relations withpeople.

Eyebrows are close to eyes - affable, sociable.

Eyebrows are far from eyes - fastidious about personal contacts, keeping distance,anxious.

Source:http://www.victoriya-security.ru/eng/consultation.php?id=28;http://body-language.bafree.net/body-language-from-head-to-foot.php;

http://www.sideroad.com/Business_Etiquette/business-body-language.html

Eye contact is a strong indication of focus of attention, interest, attraction, and honesty.

You can spot somebody lying to you if he or she cannot hold an eye contact for a period

of time.

When the eyes would look away, it signifies lack of interest, dishonesty, and boredom.

Looking away may also signify attraction or simply an occurrence of a slight distraction,

for as long as the person will look back to the person he is talking to.

When the eyes say one thing, and the tongue another, a practiced man relies on the language of the first

- Ralph Waldo Emerson

When to look

Begin as soon as you engage som

Continue it throughout the conv

Maintain direct eye contact as yo

Where to look

Imagine an inverted triangle in y

just above your eyes. The other t

and come to a point between yo

the suggested area to "look at" d

conversations. Socially, the pointinclude the chin and neck areas.

How long to look

80 - 90 percent of the time

Less than that can be interpreted

lack of confidence or boredom.

It's okay to glance down occasion

returns quickly to the other pers

Avoid looking over the other per

were seeking out someone more
http://www.victoriya-security.ru/eng/consultation.php?id=28http://www.victoriya-security.ru/eng/consultation.php?id=28http://body-language.bafree.net/body-language-from-head-to-foot.phphttp://www.sideroad.com/Business_Etiquette/business-body-language.htmlhttp://www.sideroad.com/Business_Etiquette/business-body-language.htmlhttp://www.sideroad.com/Business_Etiquette/business-body-language.htmlhttp://www.sideroad.com/Business_Etiquette/business-body-language.htmlhttp://www.sideroad.com/Business_Etiquette/business-body-language.htmlhttp://www.sideroad.com/Business_Etiquette/business-body-language.htmlhttp://www.sideroad.com/Business_Etiquette/business-body-language.htmlhttp://body-language.bafree.net/body-language-from-head-to-foot.phphttp://body-language.bafree.net/body-language-from-head-to-foot.phphttp://body-language.bafree.net/body-language-from-head-to-foot.phphttp://body-language.bafree.net/body-language-from-head-to-foot.phphttp://body-language.bafree.net/body-language-from-head-to-foot.phphttp://body-language.bafree.net/body-language-from-head-to-foot.phphttp://body-language.bafree.net/body-language-from-head-to-foot.phphttp://body-language.bafree.net/body-language-from-head-to-foot.phphttp://body-language.bafree.net/body-language-from-head-to-foot.phphttp://body-language.bafree.net/body-language-from-head-to-foot.phphttp://body-language.bafree.net/body-language-from-head-to-foot.phphttp://body-language.bafree.net/body-language-from-head-to-foot.phphttp://body-language.bafree.net/body-language-from-head-to-foot.phphttp://body-language.bafree.net/body-language-from-head-to-foot.phphttp://body-language.bafree.net/body-language-from-head-to-foot.phphttp://www.victoriya-security.ru/eng/consultation.php?id=28http://www.victoriya-security.ru/eng/consultation.php?id=28http://www.victoriya-security.ru/eng/consultation.php?id=28http://www.victoriya-security.ru/eng/consultation.php?id=28http://www.victoriya-security.ru/eng/consultation.php?id=28


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HandshakeA sign of trust and welcome

3 main palm command gestures Palm-up submissive, non-threatening gesture

Palm-down projects authority

Palm-closed i-finger-pointed signifies insult,

annoying

While a handshake, one of the 3 subconscious attitude

1. Dominance

2. Submissive

3. Equality

signal part of body possiblemeaning(s)

handshake - palmdown

handshake dominance

handshake - palmup

handshake submission,

accommodating

handshake - bothhands

Handshake seeking to convey

trustworthiness

and honesty,seeking to control

handshake - equaland vertical

Handshake non-threatening,

relaxed

pumpinghandshake

Handshake enthusiasm

handshake witharm clasp

handshake seeking control,

paternalism

Palm-down thrust - gives the receiver a little chan

relationship.

Cold, clammy handshake no one likes, hands los

sweat in case of nervousness, keep a handkerchief

When men and women shake hands there still e

and embarrassment in male/female greetings: Ho

possible to give clear notice of your intention to sh

avoid fumbling.

Handshakes of control any two-handed handshasincerity, trust and depth of feeling for the receive

Taking control Submissive

http://westsidetoastmasters.com/resources/book_of_body_language/chap2.html
http://westsidetoastmasters.com/resources/book_of_body_language/chap2.htmlhttp://westsidetoastmasters.com/resources/book_of_body_language/chap2.html


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Unless you and the other person have a personal or emotional-bond, only use a single-handed

TheElbowGrasp

TheUpper

Arm Grip

TheShoulder

Hold

TheWristHold


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Leg & Feet MovementAs per a research, managers, regardless of gender, increase the unconscious leg movements

when they lied. Psychologist Paul Ekman explains why many business executives feel

comfortable only when sitting behind a desk with a solid front, where their lower body is hidden.

signal part of bleg direction, sitting

general

legs/kne

uncrossed legs, sitting

general

legs

parallel legs together,sitting (mainly female)

legs

crossed legs, sitting -

general

legs

crossing legs, sitting -

specific change

legs

American or figure-4 leg

cross

legs

American or figure-4 leg

cross with hand clamp

legs / ar

open legs, sitting (mainly

male)

legs

ankle lock, sitting legs

splayed legs, standing legs

standing 'at attention' legs / bo

legs intertwined,

sitting(female)

legs

legs crossed, standing

(scissor stance)

legs

knee buckle, standing legs / kn

feet or foot direction or

pointing

feet

foot forward, standing feet

shoe-play(female) feet

The leg clamp locking acompetitive attitude in place

The Ankle Lock A womenminimizes her space and a mantaking up more space

The leg twine shy, timid; mostlyused by women

He is coming on strong with one-foot forward and crotch display;shes either undecided or not

keen

Uncertain about each other Openness and acceptance


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ProxemicsPersonal space, the portable bubble we can carry around with us.

The amount of distance we need and the amount of space we perceive as

belonging to us is influenced by a number of factors including social

norms, situational factors, personality characteristics and level of

familiarity

zone distance for detail

1. Close

intimate

0-15cm

0-6in

lovers, and

physical

touching

relationships

Sometime

this is a m

situations

with close

inches, bu

2. Intimate 15-45cm

6-18in

physical

touching

relationships

Usually re

close frien

consentin

sports, an

bars, conc

entertain

Non-cons

normally

very threa

the intima

and touch

exercised3. Personal 45-120cm

18in-4ft

family and

close friends

Touching

off-limits.

shaking is

4. Social-

consultative

1.2-3.6m

4-12ft

non-touch

interaction,

social,

business

Significan

within thi

do it. Tou

people re

5. Public 3.6m+

12ft+

no

interaction,

ignoring

People es

seek to av

When thi

is creates

interactiohttp://www.businessballs.com/body-language.htm#handshakes-body-language

Others will invite or reject you, depending on the

respect that you have for their personal space
http://www.businessballs.com/body-language.htmhttp://www.businessballs.com/body-language.htmhttp://www.businessballs.com/body-language.htmhttp://www.businessballs.com/body-language.htmhttp://www.businessballs.com/body-language.htmhttp://www.businessballs.com/body-language.htmhttp://www.businessballs.com/body-language.htmhttp://www.businessballs.com/body-language.htm


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ArmsFacial

Expression

Hands toFace I

Hands toFace II

Head

Standard Close Arm Gesture

This kind of gesture is seen when a person is generally between a group ofstrangers or feels insecure.

Partial Arm Cross Gesture

It tells that the person is fearful.

It an be seen in meeting when a person is stranger to the grou

The Raised Steeple

The position is normally taken when the steepler is giving his opinions or ideas

and is doing the talking.

The Lowered Steeple

The position is normally used when the steepler is listening ra

than speaking.


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ArmsFacial

Expression

Hands toFace I

Hands toFace II

Head


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ArmsFacial

Expression

Hands toFace I

Hands toFace II

Head

The Mouth Guard

If a person speaking uses this gesture indicates that he is

telling a lie and if you are speaking and other person covers

his mouth then it indicates that he thinks that you are lying.

Nose Touching and Eye Rub

These can be used both by the speaker to disguise his own deceit

and by the listener who doubts the speakers words.

The Ear Rub

This is attempt by the listener to convey that he will hear no evil .

The Neck Scratch

This gesture is a signal of doubt or uncertainty and is characteristic of t

person who says, "I'm not sure I agree."


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The Collar Pull

When a person is feeling angry or frustrated he uses this collar pu

Fingers in Mouth

Shows that the person is under pressure.

Boredom Gesture

When a person tries to support his head with his hand ,It shows la

Interested Gesture

Interested Gesture is shown when hands are on cheeks but not fo

Pain in Neck Gesture

When a person is lying he usually stops gazing and looks down.

Forgetfulness Gesture

Slapping of head suggest forgetfulness.

ArmsFacial

Expression

Hands toFace I

Hands toFace II

Head


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Neutral Head Position

The position taken by the person who has a neutral attitude about what he is hea

The head usually remains still and may occasionally give small nods.

Disapproved Position

When the head is down, it signals that the attitude is negative and even judgmen

Critical evaluation clusters are normally made with the head down and, unless yo

get the persons head up or tilted, you may have a communication problem.

Interested Position

When head tilts to one side it shows that interest has been developed.

ArmsFacial

Expression

Hands toFace I

Hands toFace II

Head


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Mirroring Body Language

Mirroring:Mirroring is the behavior in which one person copies another person usually while insocial interaction with them. It may include miming gestures, movements, body

language, muscle tensions, expressions, tones, eye movements, breathing, tempo,accent, attitude, choice of words or metaphors, and other aspects of communication.

Types :Crossover mirroring: Occurs where one person's movement is matched with anothertype of action, sound, or different movement.

Direct mirroring: Occurs where a person is facing right on at another. It is used bylovers, people with high familiarity or interest in one another such as opponents in a

contest.Postural mirror-image: Mirroring occurs where one person's left side "matches" theother person's right side shows strong rapport and typically affinity (sociology)or empathy and increasing your own synchronicity with someone can alsosmooth conversation.

Example of Mirroring: If someone says "Great" but looks or sounds downtrodden, amirroring reply would be to incongruently say "Good" with a similar down attitude likethem.


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Business Implications To create rapport with someone. Ep. Bosses / Clients

Unconsciously make the person feel, "This person is like me and agrees with the way I

am. I like this person because we are similar, and he/she likes me too."

To make them feel comfortable with

Mirroring team members facial expressions and body positions instantly communicates

empathy and signals that you understand the feelings of the people around you and will

take those feelings into account as you decide how to respond. The resultant feeling of

being connected is such a powerful part of building a collaborative team.

To gain empathy or connect at an emotional level

How to Mirror Someones Body Language

Synchronize body, vocal and tone pace etc.

If you can determine people's sensory preferences, you can then speak their language.

Just listen and start observing.

Do-not merely copy

Who generally Mirrors in a Business Context A group mirroring a leader

A customer mirroring a sales personal indicating agreement.

Superior authority

Thinking

Mirroring the other personsbody language to gainacceptance

A boss who perceives asubordinate mirroringbehavior as arrogance


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Corner Position

This position is used by people when they are engaged in friendly, casual

conversation. It allows good eye contact and the opportunity to observe gesture

the other person.

Independent Position

This position is used when people dont want to interact with one another. It occ

between strangers in places like libraries or park benches.

Competitive/Defensive Position In this position, competitors face each other. It is used when we need to take a f

stand on our point of view.

Co-operative Position

This position is used when people are working together on tasks.

Basic Seating Positions


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King Arthurs Concept

Round tables are better than square or oblong tables for group and team me

Provides an equal amount of authority and status.

Creates an atmosphere of relaxed informality for people of equal status.

Helps to grab most attention.

Sitting at a diagonal angle of about 45 degrees to another person is a comfocooperative arrangement.


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Cultural differences in body languageCultural differences often convey a myriad of meaning via body language. The prime being:

The ring gesture by hand means OK to a westerner, money to a J

zero to a French & insulting to Turks and Brazilians.

Pointing with one figure is considered rude in some Asian countries, as is the co

American "come here" gesture. Germans point with their little finger, whereas J

residents point with their whole hand.

In Arab cultures the Thumbs-up rule is considered offensive.

While Bowing refers to being criticized in US, it shows rank in Japan. South Americans tend to stand much closer than their North American counter

who tend to seek a greater amount of personal space than other cultures.

Posture

Gestures

Ref:


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Cultural differences in body language(contd.)

Eye contact and Gaze

Western cultures see direct eye to eye contact as positive.

Japan, Africa, Latin American, Caribbean avoid eye contact to show respect.

Touch

Touch is culturally determined! But each culture has a clear concept of what parts of the body one

In Western Cultures handshake is common, while Islamic cultures generally dont approve of any tgenders.

Arabic cultures generally dont approve of the land hand usage in greetings etc. To do so is an insu

Paralanguage

Loudness indicates strength in Arabic cultures and softness indicates weakness; indicates confidenthe Germans,; indicates impoliteness to the Thais; indicates loss of control to the Japanese

Vocal Characteristics indicate different messages in different cultures. In Japan giggling indicates em


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Cultural differences in body language(concludThings to keep in mind:

People do business with people who make them feel comfortable and it comes down to sincerity a

When entering a foreign country, concentrate on reducing the broadness of your body language unopportunity to observe the locals.

A simple way to learn and understand cultural body language differences is to record several foreigthem with the sound off, but don't read the subtitles. Try to work out what is happening then watcthe subtitles to check your accuracy.

The Golden Rule

If you're not sure how to be polite in someone else's culture, ask.


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Thank You.

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