‘‘Sectional Issues’Sectional Issues’

Cheap Public Cheap Public LandLand

Internal Internal ImprovementsImprovements

Higher Higher TariffsTariffs

NortheastNortheast Favored Favored oror opposedopposed Favored Favored oror opposedopposed Favored Favored oror opposedopposed

SouthSouth Favored Favored oror opposedopposed Favored Favored oror opposedopposed Favored Favored oror opposedopposed

WestWest Favored Favored oror opposedopposed Favored Favored oror opposedopposed Favored Favored oror opposedopposed

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‘‘Sectio

nal

Sectional

Issues’

Issues’ Cheap Public Cheap Public LandLand

Internal Internal ImprovementsImprovements

Higher Higher TariffsTariffs

NortheastNortheast

SouthSouth

WestWest

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(Cut and paste thisthis form)

Lesson 12.3: Conflict Over State’s Conflict Over State’s RightsRights

Lesson 12.3: Conflict Over State’s Conflict Over State’s RightsRights

Today we will list the issues that led to Today we will list the issues that led to rising rising sectionalismsectionalism in the in the 1820s1820s and and 1830s1830s..

Today we will list the issues that led to Today we will list the issues that led to rising rising sectionalismsectionalism in the in the 1820s1820s and and 1830s1830s..

Vocabulary

• list – to make a series of names or words

• issue – an important topic of dispute or disagreement

• sectionalism – placing the interests of one’s own region ahead of those of the whole nation

• tariff – a tax on imported goods

Check for Understanding

• What are we going to do today?

• Why is dress code an issue for students and school officials?

• Why doesn’t the U.S. government charge a tariff on wine grapes grown in Temecula?

What We Already Know

By 1820, regional economic interests (i.e., industrialization in the

North, subsistence farming in the West, and

slavery-based agriculture in the South) were beginning to bring

conflict to the three sections of the country.

What We Already KnowWhat We Already Know

Henry Clay’s Henry Clay’s American System American System called for the called for the government to build internal improvements government to build internal improvements such as roads and canals to help unify the such as roads and canals to help unify the

sections of the country.sections of the country.

Henry Clay’s Henry Clay’s American System American System called for the called for the government to build internal improvements government to build internal improvements such as roads and canals to help unify the such as roads and canals to help unify the

sections of the country.sections of the country.

What We Already Know

Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan had called for a system of tariffs to

protect American industries from foreign

competition, but his plan was voted down in

Congress because it would raise prices for

most people.

When President Jackson took office in 1829, three economic issues were pulling pulling

the nation apartthe nation apart:

• the sale of public lands

• internal improvements

• and tariffs

Check for Understanding

A ask B: What three issues were pulling the nation apart along sectional lines in the late 1820s?

The three issues that were pulling the nation apart along sectional lines in the late 1820s the sale of public lands, internal improvements, and tariffs.

Be sure to re-state the question in your response!Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

The Sale of Public Lands

• Northeasterners did not want the lands in the West to be sold at low prices.

• They were concerned that the cheap land would attract workers who were needed in the Northeastern factories.

Westerners wanted low prices for public land.

Westerners wanted low prices for public land.

• Cheap land would attract more settlers.

• More people meant more political power for the West.

Southerners had no strong opinion about the issue.

Because they owned slaves,

Southerners did not need to fear the loss of their

labor force to the West.

Check for Understanding

B ask A: Which section wanted low prices on public land, and why?

The West wanted low prices on public land to attract more settlers, which would mean more political power for the West.

Be sure to re-state the question in your response!Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

Check for Understanding

A ask B : Why did the North oppose cheap land prices?

The North opposed cheap land prices because the cheap land would attract workers who were needed in the factories.

Be sure to re-state the question in your response!Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

Internal ImprovementsInternal ImprovementsInternal ImprovementsInternal Improvements

• Internal improvements is a term that usually Internal improvements is a term that usually refers to roads, canals, bridges, and other refers to roads, canals, bridges, and other structures that aid transportation.structures that aid transportation.

• The The NortheastNortheast and and WestWest wanted the government wanted the government to spend money on transportation to help move to spend money on transportation to help move agricultural products and manufactured goods. agricultural products and manufactured goods.

• Internal improvements is a term that usually Internal improvements is a term that usually refers to roads, canals, bridges, and other refers to roads, canals, bridges, and other structures that aid transportation.structures that aid transportation.

• The The NortheastNortheast and and WestWest wanted the government wanted the government to spend money on transportation to help move to spend money on transportation to help move agricultural products and manufactured goods. agricultural products and manufactured goods.

SouthernersSoutherners opposed internal opposed internal improvements.improvements.

SouthernersSoutherners opposed internal opposed internal improvements.improvements.

• The new roads and canals would connect The new roads and canals would connect the West and the Northeast, and would not the West and the Northeast, and would not help the Southern economy at all.help the Southern economy at all.

• Also, Southerners knew the money to pay Also, Southerners knew the money to pay for the improvements would come from for the improvements would come from tariffstariffs, and Southerners did not want an , and Southerners did not want an increase in tariffs.increase in tariffs.

• The new roads and canals would connect The new roads and canals would connect the West and the Northeast, and would not the West and the Northeast, and would not help the Southern economy at all.help the Southern economy at all.

• Also, Southerners knew the money to pay Also, Southerners knew the money to pay for the improvements would come from for the improvements would come from tariffstariffs, and Southerners did not want an , and Southerners did not want an increase in tariffs.increase in tariffs.

Check for Understanding

B ask A: What are internal improvements?

Internal improvements are roads, canals, bridges, and other structures that aid transportation.

Be sure to re-state the question in your response!Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

Check for Understanding

A ask B: Which two sections wanted the government to spend more money on internal improvements?

The Northeast and the West wanted the government to spend more money on internal improvements.

Be sure to re-state the question in your response!Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

Check for Understanding

B ask A : Why did the Northeast and the West want the government to spend more money on internal improvements?

The Northeast and West wanted the government to spend money on internal improvements to make it easier to move agricultural products and manufactured goods from one region to another.

Be sure to re-state the question in your response!Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

Check for Understanding

A ask B : For what two reasons did the South oppose spending government money on internal improvements?

The South opposed spending government money on internal improvements because the new roads and canals would not help the Southern economy at all, and would cause a rise in tariff rates.

Be sure to re-state the question in your response!Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

Northerners supported higher tariffsNortherners supported higher tariffs

• TariffsTariffs are taxes on imported goods. are taxes on imported goods.• The North supported tariffs because they The North supported tariffs because they

protected U.S. manufacturers from foreign protected U.S. manufacturers from foreign competition, and the revenue would pay competition, and the revenue would pay for internal improvements.for internal improvements.

• TariffsTariffs are taxes on imported goods. are taxes on imported goods.• The North supported tariffs because they The North supported tariffs because they

protected U.S. manufacturers from foreign protected U.S. manufacturers from foreign competition, and the revenue would pay competition, and the revenue would pay for internal improvements.for internal improvements.

Southerners opposed tariffs.Southerners opposed tariffs.• The The SouthSouth opposed tariffsopposed tariffs because because

it’sit’s economy was based on foreign tradeeconomy was based on foreign trade, , and higher tariffs made imported goods and higher tariffs made imported goods more expensive for Southerners. more expensive for Southerners.

• The tariff revenue wouldn’t help the South, The tariff revenue wouldn’t help the South, which needed no internal improvements.which needed no internal improvements.

• The The SouthSouth opposed tariffsopposed tariffs because because it’sit’s economy was based on foreign tradeeconomy was based on foreign trade, , and higher tariffs made imported goods and higher tariffs made imported goods more expensive for Southerners. more expensive for Southerners.

• The tariff revenue wouldn’t help the South, The tariff revenue wouldn’t help the South, which needed no internal improvements.which needed no internal improvements.

The West also favored also favored raising tariffs.

The West also favored also favored raising tariffs.

• Westerners bought most of their manufactured Westerners bought most of their manufactured goods from New England factories, so higher goods from New England factories, so higher prices for manufactured goods didn’t affect them.prices for manufactured goods didn’t affect them.

• The tariff revenue would help the West because it The tariff revenue would help the West because it would pay for the internal improvements the West would pay for the internal improvements the West needed for transporting factory products.needed for transporting factory products.

• Westerners bought most of their manufactured Westerners bought most of their manufactured goods from New England factories, so higher goods from New England factories, so higher prices for manufactured goods didn’t affect them.prices for manufactured goods didn’t affect them.

• The tariff revenue would help the West because it The tariff revenue would help the West because it would pay for the internal improvements the West would pay for the internal improvements the West needed for transporting factory products.needed for transporting factory products.

Check for Understanding

B ask A: What is a tariff?

A tariff is a tax on imported goods.

Be sure to re-state the question in your response!Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

Check for Understanding

A ask B: Why did the Northeast and the West support raising tariff rates?

The Northeast and the West supported raising tariff rates because the tariffs would raise revenue for internal improvements, and would protect American manufacturers from foreign competition.

Be sure to re-state the question in your response!Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

Check for Understanding

B ask A: Why did the South oppose higher tariffs?

The South opposed higher tariffs because its economy was based on foreign trade, and higher tariffs made imported goods more expensive for Southerners, who didn’t need internal improvements.

Be sure to re-state the question in your response!Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

8. How did the issue of tariffs lead to sectional differences?

A. The issue of tariffs caused hostility between the North and the South.

B. The issue of tariffs caused hostility between the North and the West.

C. The North believed tariffs would protect U.S. products from foreign competition and raise money for internal improvements.

D. The South opposed higher tariffs because they would make imported goods more expensive for Southerners.

E. The West opposed tariffs because they need no internal improvements.

Choose all that are true!