Sectionalism

The North• An expanding railroad

system and industrialization in the North resulted in many large factories.

• As a result many people moved to cities to work in factories.

• The factories (mills) were successful as long as they had cotton from the South

• Some northerners believed that slavery was wrong

Day 1

1. Why did the North have so many factories?

2. What product from the south was often found in Northern factories?

The South• Because of the South’s

geography and climate, it was mainly an agricultural society with small farms and plantations

• The cotton gin increased the value of growing cotton which created the need for more slaves.

• Cities in the South were small as a result of most people living on small farms.

Day 1

1. Why was the South mainly an agricultural society?

2. What was the most important crop grown in the South?

States Rights?• The 10th amendment to the

U.S. Constitution allows the states to have certain powers that were not given to the Federal government in the Constitution

• Many Southerners believed that each state, and not the federal government, should make laws concerning slavery and tariffs

• John C. Calhoun advocated the Theory of Nullificationwhich held that each state had the right to not obey federal laws and even secede from the U.S. if the state wanted to.

Day 1

10th

Amendment

1. Should states be REQUIRED to obey laws made by the federal government?

2. What did John C. Calhoun think about this issue?

The Compromise of 1850• California wanted to join

the U.S. as a free state, but Southerners abhorred [strongly disagreed with] that idea

• Henry Clay created the Compromise of 1850 that allowed California to enter the U.S. as a freestate while also passing a tighter Fugitive Slave Law to make the South happy.

• The Fugitive Slave Law allowed southerners to hunt down escaped slaves

Day 2

1. Explain the Compromise of 1850.

2. What was the “Fugitive Slave Law”?

Kansas-Nebraska Act• Senator Stephen Douglas

convinced Congress to pass a law that allowed people within a territory to vote on the issue of slavery

• As a result thousands both for and against slavery moved to Kansas in order to influence the vote

• Violence erupted between the two groups in what came to be called “Bleeding Kansas.”

Popular Sovereignty

Day 2

1. What did Senator Douglas convince Congress to do?

2. What was “Bleeding Kansas”?

The Republican Party• After the Kansas-

Nebraska Act, the Republican Party was created to stop slavery from spreading from the states that already allowed slavery.

• In 1858, Abraham Lincoln (Republican) expressed that he felt slavery was morally wrong when he debated Senator Douglas.

Day 3

1. What political party was created to stop the spread of slavery?

2. Which member of this party debated Senator Douglas?

Dred Scott v. Sandford• Dred Scott was a slave who was

taken by his owner to the North then back into the South

• Scott sued for his freedom since at one point he was on ‘free ground’ in the North.

• Chief Justice Roger Taney ruled:

1. Slaves of African descent are not citizens and cannot sue.

2. Slaves were property, and the government had no right to take property away from its citizens.

• Therefore the government would allow slavery to spread

Day 3

1. Summarize the case known as Dred Scott v. Sanford.

2. What did the judge decide about slaves?

Revolts• A slave named Nat Turner led other

slaves in a violent rebellion that killed over 50 white citizens

• Hundreds of slaves were killed, including Turner, and whites passed harsher slave codes that were strict rules slaves had to follow

• An abolitionist named John Brown captured a weapon arsenal at Harpers Ferry, hoping that slaves would escape and join him in his rebellion

• The rebellion was quickly crushed and Brown was executed

Day 4

1. Who was Nat Turner and what did he do?

2. Who led the raid on Harpers Ferry?

Lincoln Elected• Abraham Lincoln was

elected as the 16th president of the U.S. during the Election of 1860

• Because Lincoln was a Republican and against the spread of slavery, South Carolina and six other states seceded from the Union.

• During Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address, he stated that being a part of the Union was perpetual and no state could legally choose to secede (leave).

S.C.

Day 4

1. Who was elected as the 16th U.S. President?

2. What happened shortly after he was elected?

Confederate States of America• formed in February 1861 by

the 7 states that left the U.S.

• Senator Jefferson Davis [of Mississippi] was president

• During Davis’ Inaugural Address, he argued that the Declaration of Independence gives people the right to abolish a government when it stops working for the reason it was founded.

Day 5

1. What new country was created during this time period?

2. Who was President of this new country?

The Civil War Begins• A Union fort called Fort

Sumter was located in South Carolina and could not get supplies after South Carolina seceded

• Lincoln ordered a Union ship to peacefully deliver supplies to the fort

• In April 1861, Confederate forces opened fire on the fort starting the Civil War

• After the fighting at Fort Sumter, 4 more states joined the Confederacy [including Texas]

Day 5

Union

Confederacy

1. Where did the Civil War begin?

2. What year did the Civil War start?