ON THIS BULLETIN

Special Edition: TERROR ATTACKS IN KENYASpecial Edition: TERROR ATTACKS IN KENYASpecial Edition: TERROR ATTACKS IN KENYA

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOWWHAT YOU NEED TO KNOWWHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

W O R L D

V I S I O N

K E N Y A 2 5 T H O C T O B E R 2 0 1 1 C E

V O L 4 I S S U E 1

W H A T Y O U N E E D

T O K N O W

W H A T I S A H A N D

G R E N A D E

H O W D O E S A G R E -

N A D E W O R K

W H A T T O D O I F A

G R E N A D E I S

T H R O W N A T Y O U

B L A S T I N J U R I E S

F I R S T A I D

S A F E T Y P R E C A U -

T I O N S

S P E C I A L P O I N T S

O F I N T E R E S T :

If you hear an explo-sion and you are not in that locality do not go there to check another one maybe thrown in the gath-ered crowd - go as far away as possible.

The war with the Somali Militant

group ALSHABAAB has seen them

turn to Nairobi and other towns of

Kenya where they target innocent

civilians because they are soft tar-

gets.

Their weapon of choice is the hand

grenade. They are striking at night

when visibility is low hence the

chances of being seen are minimal

and also getting away from the

scene is smooth in the cover of

darkness. This is also the time

when there are not many law en-

forcement officers in Patrol

WHAT IS A HAND

GRENADE

A hand grenade is any

small bomb that can be

thrown by hand. Hand

grenades are classified

into three categories, ex-

plosive grenades, chemical

and gas grenades. Explo-

sive grenades are the

most commonly used in

modern warfare and the

ones used in the two Nbi

blasts, and are designed to

detonate after impact or

after a set amount of

time. Chemical and gas

grenades are designed not

to explode, but to burn

or release a gas.

World Vision KENYAWorld Vision KENYAWorld Vision KENYA

How does a Grenade WorkHow does a Grenade WorkHow does a Grenade Work

Page 2 V O L 4 I S S U E 1

The firing mechanism is triggered by a spring-loaded striker inside the grenade. Normally, the striker is held in

place by the striker lever on top of the grenade, which is held in place by the safety pin. The soldier grips

the grenade so the striker lever is pushed up against the body, pulls out the pin and then tosses the grenade.

Here's what happens inside once the grenade is released:

With the pin removed, there is nothing holding the lever in position, which means there is nothing holding

the spring-loaded striker up. The spring throws the striker down against the percussion cap. The impact ig-

nites the cap, creating a small spark.

The spark ignites a slow-burning material in the fuse. In about four seconds, the delay material burns all the

way through.

The end of the delay element is connected to the detonator, a capsule filled with more combustible mate-rial. The burning material at the end of the delay ignites the material in the detonator, setting off an explosion

inside the grenade.

The explosion ignites the explosive material around the sides of the grenade, creating a much larger explo-

sion that blows the grenade apart.

Pieces of metal from the outer casing fly outward at great speed, imbedding in anybody and anything within

range. This sort of grenade may contain additional serrated wire or metal pellets for increased fragmentation

damage.

WHAT TO DO WHEN YOU SEE A GRENADE THROWN OR HEAR A BLAST

If a grenade rolls to your feet: 1. Turn in the opposite direction and take one giant step. 2. Drop to the floor immediately, face down. 3. Cross your legs, keeping them straight with your feet pointing toward the grenade. We cross legs

to protect vital organs, arteries and nerves on the legs. 4. Keep your arms at the back of your head at the nape of the neck these also will protect major ar-

teries. 5. Keep your mouth open to balance pressure so your eardrums don't burst (see pic below)

If you hear a blast do as above Don’t keep running. The blast range for a grenade is about 30 metres in all directions. You will sustain far less injury if you are face down on

the ground than if you are upright. Grenade fuse times are between four and eight seconds. So you can never outrun the impact. IMPORTANT: If you hear an explosion and you are not in that locality do not go there to check another one maybe thrown in the gathered crowd - go as far away as possible.

B L A S T I N J U R I E S A N D FB L A S T I N J U R I E S A N D FB L A S T I N J U R I E S A N D F I R S T A I DI R S T A I DI R S T A I D

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During a blast casualties will sustain the following injuries

1. Will sustain injuries from being struck by material thrown by the blast

2. Injuries from being thrown by the blast

3. Injuries to hollow organs, including the lungs, caused by the shock wave from the blast = life-threatening breathing emergen-cies.

4. There will be severe bleeding from the above mentioned inju-ries.

FIRST AID

1. Conduct a scene survey TO MAKE SURE YOU ARE SAFE and if person is injured because of a blast you should suspect a head or spinal injury therefore, prevent any movement.

2. If there is severe bleeding stabilize it immediately as loss of blood can cause shock and death very quickly. Use of direct pressure or tourniquet if a limb has been severed.

3. Make sure the casualty is rested in a semi-sitting position if there is no suspected head or spinal injury. Send for medical help.

4. Monitor breathing and if ineffective, give assisted breathing. If breathing stops, give ARTIFICIAL RESPI-RATION.

5. Give person care until medical help arrives

NOTES ON BLEEDING

Bleeding from an Artery requires immediate attention and is identified by spraying or spurting and is bright red. Bleed-

ing from a Vein is slightly less urgent, but can still be life threatening. It is identified by a steady dark red or reddish-blue

flow. Capillary bleeding is most commonly seen and is not usually life threatening. It is characterized by a slow steady

oozing. Severe bleeding affects the whole body. The symptoms of severe bleeding are first of all shock which becomes

worse as the patient eventually becomes very restless and aimlessly moves the arms and legs. Their breathing also be-

comes hurried and labored with sighing or gasping episodes. Checking the pulse rate can reveal a continuously increas-

ing rate that indicates continued bleeding. The presence of internal bleeding can be assumed when any of the above

symptoms are observed even when blood is not visible. When bleeding comes from the mouth the victim should be

laid on his side or with his head tilted forward so that the blood does not drain into the mouth or nose and choke him.

If possible, lay the victim down and elevate the injury above the level of the heart to slow or stop the flow of blood.

Note that this should not be done in the event of a fracture.

When the bleeding is severe, the bandage needs to be tight at first but when the bleeding subsides the bandage should

be cut, but not removed so as to not disturb the wound, and a new loose bandage should be applied over the original

dressing. If blood soaks through the original bandage, don't remove it - just add a new bandage over the original, but

to a larger area, and apply it more firmly than the first one.

You might also need to use more layers. Immobilization of the injured part will also help control bleeding.

Shock should be expected in the event there has been a lot of blood loss or the wound is severe

A word from JM MUINDI National Security and Safety Offi-

cer WVK

Kenya is at war with Somalia mili-tant group ALSHABAAB.The group in its wicked and cowardly wisdom has decided they want to injure in-nocent Kenyans by grenades.

The advisories in these bulletin will serve to make us stay a bit safe dur-ing these times when we cannot tell where the next attack will take place.

The most important is if u can stay away from the city do - and if you hear an explosion do not run there to investigate another explosion will get you there. For one moment lets bury our curiosity as Kenyans and keep away from explosions.

Remember the Government is doing its best also to protect us.

Bulletin compiled by Julius M MUINDI National Safety and Security officer WVK

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS DURING THESE TIMES OF HEIGHT-

ENED INSECUITY

The main aim of the terrorist is to cause injury to as many people as possible

the following are some of the places they may target:-

1. The Art Café outlets and the neighborhoods of Karen,

Lavington and Westlands in Nairobi as well as bars around Mombasa,

particularly Pirates Night Club and 40 Thieves, and resorts in Watamu

and Lamu. In addition to major cities like Nairobi and Mombasa,

al-Shabaab is also likely to target key supply chain routes for the

Kenyan military as part of an effort to hinder its advance into

Somalia. This exposes humanitarian workers around the border towns

of Garissa, Moyale, Wajir and Mandera to risks of collateral harm and

kidnap.

2. They also target large shopping malls and bus stops and places

of worship.

ADVISORY:

1. If you are going shopping make sure u know the exit routes of the super-

market you are in do not go with children and spend as little time as pos-

sible there always on the look out for suspicious characters.

2. Do not spend time in bus stops get in the earliest bus/Matatu and leave

3. As much as possible avoid the city center.

4. Keep your family and friend informed of your where-abouts.

5. Report any luggage in any public place that is left unattended Immediately

to the authorities and leave the scene as soon as possible.