sedimentary rock 12/2/14 4-3 pgs. 87-90 in: what are the two compositional classifications for...
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Sedimentary Rock 12/2/14
4-3 pgs. 87-90IN: What are the two compositional classifications for igneous rocks? How can you determine their texture? Which rocks fit in each category?
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sedimentary rock sediment
magmaco
oling,
crysta
llizati
on
weath
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and e
rosio
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compaction, cementation
melting
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at
pre
ssure
igneous rock
metamorphic rock
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HOW DOES SEDIMENTARY ROCK FORM?
1. Weathering and erosion of rock into sediment (sand).
2. Compaction and cementation back into rock.
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WEATHERING AND EROSIONWind, water, ice, sunlight, and gravity all cause rock to weather into fragments (weathering).
These small fragments are called sediment.
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SEDIMENTSSediments are transported from one place to another (erosion)WaterWindGravity
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COMPACTIONThe layers eventually become compacted.
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CEMENTATIONDissolved minerals separate out of the water to form a natural glue that binds the sediments together.
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STRATA The layers of sedimentary rock that form from the deposition of sediment.
These strata form oldest on bottom, youngest on top.
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKForm at or near the Earth’s surface.
Their physical features tell part of Earth’s history.
They are the onlyrocks that containfossils.
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COMPOSITION
1. Clastic2. Chemical3. Organic
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CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKForms when rock or minerals fragments, called clasts, stick together.SandstoneConglomerateShale
Names of clastic sedimentary rock are based on grain size.
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CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKForms when minerals crystallize out of a solution, such as sea water, to become rock.limestone
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ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKForms from the remains of organisms.fossiliferous limestone
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SEDIMENTARY ROCK STRUCTURESStratification is the layering of rock.
Strata differ from one another depending on the kind, size, and color of their sediment.
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STRATASometimes records the motion of wind and water waves.
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CONGLOMERATE
Sedimentary rock that resembles concrete.ClasticCoarse-grained
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SANDSTONE
Sedimentary rock formed from sand.ClasticCoarse-grained
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SHALE
Sedimentary rock also known as mudstone.ClasticFine-grained
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FOSSILIFEROUS LIMESTONE
Sedimentary rock made from shells and coral.Organic
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OUT: What are some features of sedimentary rocks?